12th G7 summit
| 12th G7 summit | |
|---|---|
 State Guesthouse, Akasaka Palace[1] | |
| Host country | Japan |
| Dates | May 4–6, 1986 |
| Venue(s) | Tokyo Imperial Palace |
| Cities | Tokyo |
| Follows | 11th G7 summit |
| Precedes | 13th G7 summit |
The 12th G7 Summit was held in Tokyo, Japan between May 4 and May 6, 1986. The venue for the summit meetings was the State Guesthouse.[2]
The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada (since 1976),[3] and the President of the European Commission (starting officially in 1981).[4] The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six (G6) summit in 1975.[5]
Leaders at the summit[edit]
The G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.[4]
The 12th G7 summit was the last summit for Italian Prime Minister Bettino Craxi.
Participants[edit]
These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:[6][2][7]
| Core G7 members Host state and leader are shown in bold text. | |||
| Member | Represented by | Title | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Canada | Brian Mulroney | Prime Minister |
|
France | François Mitterrand | President |
|
West Germany | Helmut Kohl | Chancellor |
|
Italy | Bettino Craxi | Prime Minister |
|
Japan | Yasuhiro Nakasone | Prime Minister |
|
United Kingdom | Margaret Thatcher | Prime Minister |
|
United States | Ronald Reagan | President |
|
European Community | Jacques Delors | President of the Commission |
 Ruud Lubbers
|
President of the Council | ||
Issues[edit]
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.[5]
Gallery[edit]
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See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Cabinet Office, Government of Japan; State Guest House, Akasaka Palace Archived 2013-11-04 at the Wayback Machine; retrieved 2013-6-19.
- ^ a b Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): Summit Meetings in the Past.
- ^ Saunders, Doug. "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders," Archived 2008-10-11 at the Wayback Machine Globe and Mail (Toronto). July 5, 2008 -- n.b., the G7 becomes the Group of Eight (G7) with the inclusion of Russia starting in 1997.
- ^ a b Reuters: "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?", July 3, 2008.
- ^ a b Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations, p. 205.
- ^ Rieffel, Lex. "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV)," Archived June 3, 2010, at the Wayback Machine Brookings. March 27, 2009; "core" members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site). Archived June 2, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ MOFA: Summit (12); European Union: "EU and the G8" Archived 2007-02-26 at the Wayback Machine
References[edit]
- Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7546-1185-1; OCLC 43186692( Archived 2012-11-10 at the Wayback Machine 2009-04-29)
- Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16486-3; ISBN 978-0-203-45085-7; OCLC 39013643
External links[edit]
- No official website is created for any G7 summit prior to 1995 -- see the 21st G7 summit.
- University of Toronto: G8 Research Group, G8 Information Centre