1919

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Decades:	1880s  1890s  1900s  – 1910s –  1920s  1930s  1940s
Years:	1916 1917 1918 – 1919 – 1920 1921 1922

1919 by topic:

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Categories: Births – Deaths – Works – Introductions

Establishments – Disestablishments – Awards v • d • e

1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday^[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).

Contents:
Events of 1919 -  Jan. . Feb. . March . April -  May . June . July  .  Aug. -  Sept. . Oct. . Nov. .  Dec. -  Undated . Ongoing . Births Deaths Nobel Prizes See also -  Notes -  External links

[edit] Events of 1919

[edit] January

• January 1
  • In Scotland, the HMS Iolaire sinks on the rocks; 206 die.
  • Edsel Ford succeeds his father as head of the Ford Motor Company.
  • Spartacist uprising: Socialist demonstrations in Berlin, Germany turn into an attempted communist revolution.
• January 6 – Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th President of the United States, dies in his sleep at the age of 60.
• January 7 – Estonian Freedom War: The Soviet Army meets resistance from Estonian forces.
• January 9 – Friedrich Ebert orders the Freikorps into action in Berlin.
• January 10–January 12 – The Freikorps attacks Spartacist supporters around Berlin.
• January 11 – Romania annexes Transylvania.
• January 13 – Worker's councils in Berlin end the general strike; Spartacus Week is over.
• January 15
  • Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht are murdered following the Spartacist uprising.
  • The Boston Molasses Disaster: A wave of molasses released from an exploding storage tank sweeps through Boston, killing 21 and injuring 150.
  • Ignacy Jan Paderewski becomes Premier of Poland.
• January 16 – The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution, authorizing Prohibition, goes into effect in the United States.
• January 18
  • World War I: A peace conference opens in Versailles, France.
  • Bentley Motors is founded in England.
• January 21
  • The First Dáil Éireann meets in the Mansion House in Dublin.
  • An ambush of the police at Soloheadbeg marks the beginning of the Irish War of Independence.
• January 23 – The Uprising of Khotin breaks out in Khotyn, Ukraine.
• January 25 – The League of Nations is founded in Paris.
• January 31 – 1919 Battle of George Square: British police battle strikers in Glasgow, Scotland.
• Estonian Freedom War: The Red Army is expelled from the entire territory of Estonia.

[edit] February

• February 3 – Soviet troops occupy the Ukraine.
• February 6 – The Seattle General Strike begins. Over 65,000 workers strike.
• February 11 – Friedrich Ebert is elected President of Germany.
  • The Seattle General Strike ends when Federal troops are summmoned by the state of Washington's Attorney General.
• February 14 – The Polish-Soviet War begins.
• February 23 – The Fascist Party is formed in Italy by Benito Mussolini.
• February 25 – Oregon places a 1 cent per U.S. gallon (.26¢/L) tax on gasoline, becoming the first U.S. state to levy a gasoline tax.
• February 26
  • An act of the United States Congress establishes most of the Grand Canyon as a United States National Park (see Grand Canyon National Park).
• February 28 – Amanullah Khan becomes King of Afghanistan.

[edit] March

• March 1 – The March 1st Movement against Japanese colonial rule in Korea is formed.
• March 2 – The first Communist International meets in Moscow.
• March 3 – The Supreme Court of the United States upholds the conviction of Charles Schenck.
• March 9 – The Egyptian Revolution of 1919 breaks out.
• March 15 – The American Legion forms in Paris.
• March 21 – The Hungarian Soviet Republic is established by Béla Kun.
• March 23 – In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement.
• March 31 – A general strike begins in the Ruhr.

[edit] April

• April 6–April 7 – The Bavarian Soviet Republic is founded.
• April 12 – Murderer Henri Désiré Landru is arrested.
• April 13 – Amritsar Massacre: British and Gurkha troops massacre 379 Sikhs in the Punjab in India.
• April 14 – The Emperor of Austria moves to exile in Switzerland.
• April 23 – The Constituent Assembly of Estonia convenes its first session.
• April 25
  • The Bauhaus architectural movement is founded in Weimar, Germany.
  • ANZAC day is celebrated for the first time in Australia.
  • Pancho Villa takes Parral in Mexico, and hangs the mayor and his two sons.
• April 30 – Several bombs are intercepted in the first wave of the 1919 United States anarchist bombings.

[edit] June

• June 2 – Several mail bombs are sent to prominent figures as part of the 1919 United States anarchist bombings.
• June 4 – Women's rights: The United States Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which would guarantee suffrage to women, and sends it to the U.S. states for ratification.
• June 6 – The Hungarian Red Army attacks the Prekmurian Republic.
• June 14 – John Alcock and Arthur Brown depart St. John's, Newfoundland, on the first nonstop transatlantic flight (they land at Clifden, County Galway, Ireland the next day). [1]
• June 15 – Pancho Villa attacks Ciudad Juárez. When the bullets begin to fly to the U.S. side of the border, 2 units of the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment cross the border and repulse Villa's forces.
• June 17 – British Police Sergeant Thomas Green is killed during the Epsom Riot by Canadian troops
• June 21
  • Winnipeg General Strike: Royal Canadian Mounted Police (North-West Mounted Police) fire a volley into a crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing 2.
  • Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttles the German fleet in Scapa Flow, Orkney; 9 Germans die.
  • The American Winged Foot Express catches fire over downtown Chicago; 2 passengers, 1 crewmember and 10 people on the ground are killed; only 2 people parachute to the ground safely.^[2]
• June 23 – Estonian Freedom War – Battle of Cēsis: The Estonian army wins in Northern Latvia against the German Landeswehr.
• June 28 – The Treaty of Versailles is signed, ending World War I.

[edit] July

• July 2 – Syrian National Congress in Damascus. Arab nationalist announce independence.
• July 6 – The British dirigible R34 lands in New York, completing the first crossing of the Atlantic by an airship.
• July 7 – The U.S. Army sends an expedition across the continental U.S., starting in Washington, D.C., to assess the condition of the Interstate Highway System.
• July 19 – The Foreign Ministry of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was established at the decree of the chancellory for foreign affairs.^[3]
• July 31 – Policemen in London and Liverpool strike for recognition of the National Union of Police and Prison Officers; over 2,000 strikers are dismissed.

[edit] August

• August 1 Béla Kun's Soviet Republic collapses in Hungary.
• August 11
  • The first NFL team for Wisconsin (the Green Bay Packers) is founded by Curly Lambeau.
  • In Germany, the Weimar Constitution is passed into law.
• August 18 – The Bolshevik fleet at Kronstadt, near Petrograd, is destroyed by German aircraft and torpedo boats in a combined operation.
• August 19 – Afghanistan gains independence from the United Kingdom.
• August 16–August 26 – First Silesian Uprising: The Poles in Upper Silesia rise against the Germans.
• August 31 – The American Communist Party is established.

[edit] September

• September 6 – The U.S. Army expedition across America, which started July 7, ends in San Francisco.
• September 10 – The Treaty of Saint-Germain is signed, ending World War I with Austria.
• September 10 – September 15: The Florida Keys Hurricane kills 600 in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Texas.
• September 12 – Police spy, Adolf Hitler, ordered to monitor the German Workers Party.
• September 22 – The Steel strike of 1919 begins across the United States.
• September 23 – The Belenenses sports club is founded in Portugal.
• September 27 – The last British troops leave Archangel, Russia and leave the fighting to the Russians.
• September 28 – Omaha Riot: A lynch mob besieges the police station and courthouse in Omaha, Nebraska, and lynches alleged rapist Will Brown.

[edit] October

• October 1 – The Elaine Race Riot breaks out in Arkansas.
• October 2 – U.S. President Woodrow Wilson suffers a massive stroke, leaving him partially paralyzed.
• October 9
  • Black Sox scandal: The Cincinnati Reds "win" the World Series.
  • The Boston Police Strike occurs.
• October 13 – The Convention relating to the Regulation of Aerial Navigation is signed.
• October 19 – Leeds United – English Football club formed after the demise of Leeds City
• October 28 – Prohibition begins: The United States Congress passes the Volstead Act over President Woodrow Wilson's veto.

[edit] November

• November 10 – The first national convention of the American Legion is held in Minneapolis, Minnesota (until November 12).
• November 11 – The Centralia Massacre in Centralia, Washington results in the deaths of four members of the American Legion, and the lynching of a local leader of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).
• November 16 – After Entente pressure Romanian forces withdraw from Budapest and let Admiral Horthy to march in.
• November 19 – The confirmation is announced of Einstein's general relativity theory, tested by Arthur Eddington and Andrew Crommelin during a total solar eclipse on May 29, 1919 FirstScience.
• November 27
  • The Treaty of Neuilly is signed between the Allies and Bulgaria.
  • Kappa Kappa Psi, National Honorary Band Fraternity, is established at Oklahoma A&M College (now named Oklahoma State University) in Stillwater, OK.
• November 28 – The American-born Lady Astor is elected to the British House of Commons, becoming on December 1 the first female MP to take a seat.
• November 30 – Health officials declare that the global Spanish Flu pandemic has ended.

[edit] December

• December 5 – The Turkish Ministry of War releases Greeks, Armenians and Jews from military service.
• December 12 – Gabriele D'Annunzio, with his entourage, marches into Fiume and convinces the Italian troops to join him.
• December 25 – Cliftonhill Stadium in Coatbridge opens (the home of the Albion Rovers F.C.) They lose the match 2–0 to St. Mirren.

[edit] Undated

• Earl W. Bascom, rodeo cowboy and artist, along with his father John W. Bascom at Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, designs and makes rodeo's first reverse-opening side-delivery bucking chute, now the world standard.
• Les Champs Magnetiques, the first automatic book, is written by Andre Breton and Philippe Soupault.
• XWA (now CINW), in Montreal, Quebec, becomes the first public radio station in North America to go on the air.
• Various strikes occur in the United States: Strike of US railroad workers; The Longshoreman's strike; The Great Steel Strike; and a general strike in Seattle, Washington.
• Female suffrage is enacted in Germany and Luxembourg.
• Marcel Tolkowsky's Diamond Design is published.
• The International Astronomical Union is founded in France.
• The World League Against Alcoholism is established by the Anti-Saloon League.
• The fictional character Ham Gravy debuts in Thimble Theatre Comics.
• US President Wilson promises eventual independence for Philippines, though subsequent Republican administrations see it as a distant goal.

[edit] Ongoing

• Åland crisis
• Ethnic cleansing in Turkey: The Armenian Genocide
• Assyrian Genocide (1914–1922)
• Greek Genocide (1914–1923).

[edit] Births

1919 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1919 MCMXIX
Ab urbe condita	2672
Armenian calendar	1368 ԹՎ ՌՅԿԸ
Bahá'í calendar	75 – 76
Berber calendar	2869
Buddhist calendar	2463
Burmese calendar	1281
Byzantine calendar	7427 – 7428
Chinese calendar	戊午年十一月三十日 (4555/4615-11-30) — to — 己未年十一月初十日 (4556/4616-11-10)
Coptic calendar	1635 – 1636
Ethiopian calendar	1911 – 1912
Hebrew calendar	5679 – 5680
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1974 – 1975
- Shaka Samvat	1841 – 1842
- Kali Yuga	5020 – 5021
Holocene calendar	11919
Iranian calendar	1297 – 1298
Islamic calendar	1337 – 1338
Japanese calendar	Taishō 8 (大正8年)
Korean calendar	4252
Thai solar calendar	2462
v • d • e

[edit] January–February

• January 1 – J. D. Salinger, American novelist (The Catcher in the Rye)
• January 5 – Hector Abhayavardhana, Sri Lankan political theorist
• January 13 – Robert Stack, American actor (The Untouchables) (d. 2003)
• January 14 – Andy Rooney, American journalist (60 Minutes)
  • Giulio Andreotti, Italian politician
• January 15 – George Cadle Price, first Prime Minister of Belize
• January 23
  • Hans Hass, Austrian zoologist
  • Ernie Kovacs, American comedian (d. 1962)
  • Bob Paisley, British football player and manager (d. 1996)
• January 24 – Leon Kirchner, American composer (d. 2009)
• January 25 – Edwin Newman, American journalist and writer (NBC Nightly News)
  • Eula Beal, American contralto (d. 2008)
• January 26 – Valentino Mazzola, Italian footballer (d. 1949)
• January 27 – Ross Bagdasarian, American musician and actor (Alvin and the Chipmunks) (d. 1972)
• January 31 – Jackie Robinson, African-American baseball player (d. 1972)
• February 5
  • Red Buttons, American actor (d. 2006)
  • Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1996)
• February 9 – Langdon Brown Gilkey, American Protestant ecumenical theologian (d. 2004)
• February 11
  • Eva Gabor, Hungarian actress (Green Acres) (d. 1995)
  • Eddie Robinson, American football coach (d. 2007)
• February 12 – Forrest Tucker, American actor (F Troop) (d. 1986)
• February 13 – Tennessee Ernie Ford, American musician (d. 1991)
• February 16 – Charlie Parlato, American musician (d. 2007)
• February 18 – Jack Palance, American actor (d. 2006)
• February 20
  • – Joe Krol, Canadian football player (d. 2008)
  • – James O'Meara, British Battle of Britain Spitfire Flying Ace (d. 1974)
• February 24 – Árpád Bogsch, Hungarian international civil servant (d. 2004)
• February 26
  • Rie Mastenbroek, Dutch swimmer (d. 2003)
  • Mason Adams, American character actor (d. 2005)

[edit] March–April

• March 2 – Jennifer Jones, American actress
• March 4 – Buck Baker, American racecar driver (d. 2002)
• March 7 – M. N. Nambiar, Indian film actor (d. 2008)
• March 15 – Lawrence Tierney, American actor (d. 2002)
• March 17 – Nat King Cole, African-American singer (Unforgettable) (d. 1965)
• March 24
  • – Lawrence Ferlinghetti, American author and publisher
  • – Robert Heilbroner, American economist (d. 2005)
• March 29 – Eileen Heckart, American actress (d. 2001)
• March 30 – McGeorge Bundy, U.S. National Security Advisor (d. 1996)
• April 1 – Joseph Murray, American surgeon, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• April 8 – Ian Smith, Prime Minister of Rhodesia (d. 2007)
• April 13 – Phil Tonken, American radio and television announcer (d. 2000)
• April 16 – Merce Cunningham, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2009)
• April 20 – Richard Hillary, British pilot and author (d. 1943)
• April 22 – Donald J. Cram, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)

[edit] May–June

• May 1
  • Dan O'Herlihy, Irish film actor (d. 2005)
  • Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime Minister of Morocco
• May 3
  • John Cullen Murphy, American comic strip artist (d. 2004)
  • Pete Seeger, American folk singer and musician
• May 4 – Dory Funk, American professional wrestler (d. 1973)
• May 7 – Eva Perón, wife of Argentine President Juan Peron (d. 1952)
• May 8 – Lex Barker, American actor (d. 1973)
• May 14 – Denis Cannan, British dramatist, playwright and scriptwriter
• May 16 – Liberace, American pianist (d. 1987)
• May 17 – Antonio Aguilar, Mexican singer and actor (d. 2007)
• May 17 – Ronald Verlin Cassill, American novelist, short story writer, editor, painter, and lithographer (d. 2002)
• May 18 – Margot Fonteyn, English ballet dancer (d. 1991)
• May 20 – George Gobel, American comedian (d. 1991)
• May 23 – Betty Garrett, American actress and dancer
• June 4 – Robert Merrill, American baritone (d. 2004)
• June 11 – Richard Todd, Irish born stage & screen actor
• June 19 – Pauline Kael, American film critic (d. 2001)
• June 19 – Louis Jourdan, French Actor
• June 21 – Gérard Pelletier, Canadian journalist, politician, and diplomat (d. 1997)
• June 26 – Richard Neustadt, American political historian (d. 2003)
• June 30 – Ed Yost, American inventor (d. 2007)

[edit] July–August

• July 6 – Ernst Haefliger, Swiss tenor (d. 2007)
• July 7 – Jon Pertwee, British actor (d. 1996)
• July 8 – Walter Scheel, President of Germany
• July 15 – Iris Murdoch, Irish novelist (d. 1999)
• July 20 – Sir Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountaineer, conqueror of Mount Everest (d. 2008)
• July 31 – Maurice Boitel, French painter (d. 2007)
• August 2 – Nehemiah Persoff, Israeli-American character actor
• August 8 – Dino De Laurentiis, Italian film producer
• August 9 – Joop den Uyl, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1973 until 1977 (d. 1987)
• August 11 – Ginette Neveu, French violinist (d. 1949)
• August 13 – Rex Humbard, American television evangelist (d. 2007)
• August 15 – Benedict Kiely, Irish author and broadcaster (d. 2007)
• August 21 – Dalmiro Finol, Venezuelan baseball player (d. 1994)
• August 25 – George Wallace, Governor of Alabama (d. 1998)
• August 28 – Godfrey Hounsfield, English electrical engineer and inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004)
• August 31 – Amrita Preetam, Indian poetess and author (d. 2005)

[edit] September–October

• September 11 – Ota Sik, Czech economist and politician (d. 2004)
• September 21 – Fazlur Rahman, Pakistani Islamic scholar (d. 1988)
• September 24 – Rick Vallin, Russian-American actor (d. 1977)
• September 26 – Matilde Camus, Spanish poet and researcher
• September 27 – James H. Wilkinson, English mathematician (d. 1986)
• October 3 – James M. Buchanan, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate
• October 5 – Donald Pleasence, English actor (d. 1995)
• October 7 – Zelman Cowen, Governor-General of Australia
• October 9 – Jason Wingreen, American actor
• October 11 – Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (d. 1990)
• October 12 – Doris Miller, American sailor (d. 1943)
• October 16 – Kathleen Winsor, American writer (d. 2003)
• October 17 – Zhao Ziyang, prime minister of the People's Republic of China (d. 2005)
• October 18
  • Anita O'Day, American jazz singer (d. 2006)
  • Pierre Elliott Trudeau, Prime Minister of Canada (d. 2000)
• October 22 – Doris Lessing, British writer
• October 23 – Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist (d 1992)
• October 26
  • James E. Myers, American songwriter (d. 2001)
  • Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (d. 1980)
  • Edward Brooke, Senator from Massachusetts

[edit] November–December

• November 3
  • Jesús Blasco, Spanish comic book author (d. 1995)
  • Spider Jorgensen, American baseball player and coach (d. 2003)
• November 5 – Myron Floren, American accordionist (The Lawrence Welk Show) (d. 2005)
• November 10 – Mikhail Kalashnikov, Russian firearms inventor
• November 14 – Lisa Otto, German soprano
• November 15 – Roy Burden, Canadian World War II pilot (d. 2005)
• November 18 – Andrée Borrel, French World War II heroine (d. 1944)
• November 28 – Keith Miller, Australian sportsman (d. 2004)
• December 4 – I. K. Gujral, Indian politician, Prime Minister of India (1997–98)
• December 6 – Paul de Man, Belgian-born literary critic (d. 1983)
• December 8 – Mieczyslaw Weinberg, Polish composer (d. 1996)
• December 9 – William Lipscomb, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
• December 21 – Ove Sprogøe, Danish actor (d. 2004)
• December 31 – Tommy Byrne, baseball player (d. 2007)

[edit] Deaths

[edit] January–June

• January 4 – Georg von Hertling, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1843)
• January 6
  • Max Heindel, Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic (b. 1865)
  • --January 6-->Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President of the United States (b. 1858)
• January 7 – Henry Ware Eliot American industrialist and philanthropist (b. 1843)
• January 15
  • Karl Liebknecht, German communist politician (executed) (b. 1871)
  • Rosa Luxemburg, German communist politician (executed) (b. 1870)
• January 18 – Prince John of the United Kingdom (b. 1905)
• January 27 – Endre Ady, Hungarian poet (b. 1877)
• February 17 – Wilfrid Laurier, seventh Prime Minister of Canada (b. 1841)
• March 2 – Melchora Aquino, Filipino revolutionary hero (b. 1812)
• April 4 – William Crookes, English chemist and physicist (b. 1832)
• April 8 – Franklin Winfield Woolworth, American businessman (born 1852)
• April 9 – Sidney Drew, American actor (born 1863)
• April 10 – Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1879)
• April 15 – Jane Delano, American nurse and founder or the American Red Cross Nursing Service (b. 1862)
• May 3 – Eugen Levine, German revolutionary (b. 1883)
• May 4 – Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovak general, politician, and astronomer (b. 1880)
• May 6 – L. Frank Baum, American author, poet, playwright, actor and independent filmmaker (The Wizard of Oz) (b. 1856)
• May 14 – Henry John Heinz, American businessman (b. 1844)
• May 21 – Lamar Johnstone, American silent film actor & director (b. 1885)
• June 29 – José Gregorio Hernández, Venezuelan medician and saint (b. 1864)
• June 30 – John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1842)

[edit] July–December

• July 15 – Hermann Emil Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
• July 26 – Edward Poynter, British painter (b. 1836)
• August 1 – Oscar Hammerstein I, Polish-born theater impressario and composer (born 1847)
• August 9 – Ruggiero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (b. 1857)
• August 11 – Andrew Carnegie, Scottish-born businessman and philanthropist (b. 1835)
• August 21 – Laurie Doherty, British tennis champion (born 1875)
• September 27 – Adelina Patti, Italian opera singer (born 1843)
• October 7 – Alfred Deakin, second Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1856)
• October 13 – Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)
• October 18 – Viscount William Astor, American financier and statesman (b. 1848)
• November 9 – Eduard Müller, Swiss Federal Councillor (b. 1848)
• November 15 – Alfred Werner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1866)
• November 24 – William Stowell, American silent film actor & director, died in train wreck in Africa while scouting locations for Universal Pictures (b. 1885)
• December 2 – Henry C. Frick, American industrialist (born 1849)
• December 3 – Pierre-Auguste Renoir, French painter (b. 1841)
• December 19 – Martin Savage, IRA commander (b. 1898)

[edit] Nobel Prizes

• Physics – Johannes Stark
• Chemistry – not awarded
• Physiology or Medicine – Jules Bordet
• Literature – Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler
• Peace – Woodrow Wilson

[edit] See also

• 20th century.

[edit] Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1919

[edit] External links

• Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World, 2002, Random House.
• Paula Phelan, 1919 Misfortune's End, 2007, ZAPmedia.