2012
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This article is about the year. For metaphysical and cosmological predictions centered on December 21, 2012, see 2012 doomsday prediction. For the 2009 film by Roland Emmerich, see 2012 (film).
| Millennium: | 3rd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | 20th century - 21st century - 22nd century |
| Decades: | 1980s 1990s 2000s - 2010s - 2020s 2030s 2040s |
| Years: | 2009 2010 2011 - 2012 - 2013 2014 2015 |
| Gregorian calendar | 2012 MMXII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2765 |
| Armenian calendar | 1461 ԹՎ ՌՆԿԱ |
| Bahá'í calendar | 168 – 169 |
| Berber calendar | 2962 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2556 |
| Burmese calendar | 1374 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7520 – 7521 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛卯年十二月初八日 (4648/4708-12-8) — to —
壬辰年十一月十九日(4649/4709-11-19) |
| Coptic calendar | 1728 – 1729 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 2004 – 2005 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5772 – 5773 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 2067 – 2068 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1934 – 1935 |
| - Kali Yuga | 5113 – 5114 |
| Holocene calendar | 12012 |
| Iranian calendar | 1390 – 1391 |
| Islamic calendar | 1433 – 1434 |
| Japanese calendar | Heisei 24 (平成24年) |
| Korean calendar | 4345 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2555 |
| Unix time | 1325376000 – 1356998399 |
2012 (MMXII) will be a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
It has been designated Alan Turing Year, commemorating the mathematician, computer pioneer, and code-breaker on the centennial of Turing's birth.[1]
Contents |
Predicted and scheduled events
January
- January 13–22 - The first Winter Youth Olympics will be held in Innsbruck, Austria.
- January 31 - 433 Eros, the second-largest Near Earth Object on record (size 13×13×33 km) will pass Earth at 0.1790 astronomical units (26,778,019 km; 16,639,090 mi). NASA studied Eros with the NEAR Shoemaker probe launched on 1996-02-17.[2]
February
- February 5 - Super Bowl XLVI will be played at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana.
March
- March 22 - Unless the European Council votes to extend current copyright law, The Beatles' debut album, Please Please Me, will fall out of copyright.[3]
April
- April 17 - The United States will cede wartime control of the military of the Republic of Korea after 50 years and dissolve the Combined Forces Command. Two distinct military commands (South Korea and the United States) will operate in Korea during wartime, rather than one unified command under the Combined Forces Command.
May
- May 20 - Annular solar eclipse, a Sunday. Path of annularity runs through the Pacific Ocean from northern China to California.
June
- June 6 - The second and last solar transit of Venus of the century. The next pair is predicted to occur in 2117 and 2125.
- June 9 – July 1 - The UEFA Euro 2012 will be played in Poland and Ukraine.
- June 18 – June 23 – Turing Centenary Conference at the University of Cambridge, in honor of the mathematician, computer scientist, and cryptographer Alan Turing, the last day of the conference being the hundredth anniversary of his birth.[1]
July
- July 18–21 - The 2012 World Rowing Championships will be held at Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- July 27 - Opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics begins in London at 7:30 pm UTC, 8:30pm BST.[4]
August
- August 12 - Closing ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, a Sunday.
- August 29 - Start of the 2012 Summer Paralympics.
November
- November 6 - The United States Presidential, Senate, and House of Representatives elections.
- November 13 - Total solar eclipse (visible in northern Australia and the South Pacific).
- November 28 - Penumbral lunar eclipse.
December
- December 3 - Jupiter in opposition.
- December 21 - 11:11 UTC. Winter Solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, Summer Solstice in the Southern Hemisphere.[5]
- December 21 - The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, notably used by the pre-Columbian Maya civilization among others, completes a "great cycle" of thirteen b'ak'tuns (periods of 144,000 days each) since the mythical Creation date of the calendar's current era.[6] On this day the Long Count date at creation—written 13.0.0.0.0 in modern notation, equivalent to August 11, 3114 BC in the proleptic Gregorian calendar—is repeated for the first time in a span of a little over 5,125 solar years.[7] The completion of this cycle and the repetition of the previous Creation's Long Count ending date have been central to various 2012 doomsday predictions since the 1960s. Academic researchers have not concluded that the ancient Maya themselves attached similar significance to this point in time.[8]
- December 23 - An alternative date for the completion of the thirteenth B'ak'tun in the Long Count calendar, calculated using another version of the GMT correlation[9] which is supported by a few Mayanist researchers.[10]
- December 31 - The Kyoto Protocol will expire.
Unknown dates
- Ireland will cease analogue television broadcasts.
- China will launch the Kuafu spacecraft.
- Pleiades, a proposed super computer built by Intel and SGI for NASA's Ames Research Center, will be completed, reaching a peak performance of 10 Petaflops (10 quadrillion operations per second).[11]
- Sequoia, a proposed super computer built by IBM for the National Nuclear Security Administration will be completed, reaching a peak performance of 20 Petaflops.[12]
- Start of the commercial operation of the first unit from the Novovoronezh Nuclear Power Plant II.
- The 108 ft (33 m) Elwha Dam and 210 ft (64 m) Glines Canyon Dam will be removed from the Elwha River in Washington state, marking the largest dam removal project in history.
- The Canberra class light aircraft carriers/large amphibious ships, the largest ships ever to be operated by the Royal Australian Navy, will be in service.
- On the sun, the solar maximum of Solar Cycle 24 in the 11-year sunspot cycle is forecast to occur. Solar Cycle 24 is regarded to have commenced January 2008, and on average will reach its peak of maximal sunspot activity around 2012. The period between successive solar maxima averages 11 years (the Schwabe cycle), and the previous solar maximum of Solar Cycle 23 occurred in 2000–2002.[13] During the solar maximum the sun's magnetic poles will reverse.[14]
- The United Kingdom will complete a 5-year process to cease analogue television broadcasts region-by-region, with Meridian Broadcasting, ITV London, Tyne Tees Television and UTV being the last areas to switch off analogue.[15]* Portugal will also cease their analogue television broadcasts, after a 4-year simulcast with digital ones. After that, DVB broadcasts will be the only system to be used in television (DVB-C for cable, DVB-T for terrestrial and DVB-S for satellite). The five free-to-air channels on terrestrial network will also start broadcasting in high-definition 24-hours a day.
2012 in fiction
Major religious holidays
- January 7 - Christmas Day by Julian Calendar (Celebrated by Eastern Orthodox Christians)
- February 1 - Imbolc, a Cross-quarter day (Celebrated on February 2 in some places)
- February 5 - Mawlid an Nabi - Islam
- March 8 - Purim - Judaism
- March 8 - Holi - Hinduism
- March 20 - Spring Equinox, also known as Ostara
- April 1 - Ramanavami - Hinduism
- April 6 - Hanuman Jayanti - Hinduism
- April 7 - Passover - Judaism
- April 8 - Easter - Western Christianity
- May 1 - Beltane, a Cross-quarter day
- May 27 - Shavuot - Judaism
- June 17 - Lailat al Miraj - Islam
- June 20 - Summer solstice, also known as Midsummer
- July 20 - Ramadan Begins - Islam
- August 1 - Lammas, a Cross-quarter day
- August 2 - Raksha Bandhan - Hinduism
- August 10 - Janmashtami - Hinduism
- August 19 - Eid al Fitr - Islam
- September 17 - Rosh Hashanah - Judaism
- September 21 - Fall Equinox, also known as Mabon
- October 1 - Sukkot - Judaism
- October 24 - Vijaya Dashami/Dusshera - Hinduism
- October 26 - Eid al-Adha, a religious festival in Islam
- November 1 - Samhain, a Cross-quarter day, Neopagan new year and Christian All Saints' Day
- November 13 - Diwali - Hinduism
- November 15 - Islamic New Year
- December 9 - Hanukkah - Judaism
- December 21 - Winter solstice, also known as Yule
- December 25 - Christmas - Christianity
Notes
- ^ http://www.turingcentenary.eu
- ^ Near Earth Object Fact Sheet
- ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8014734.stm
- ^ Homepage - London 2012
- ^ United States Naval Observatory (2007-01-28). "Earth's Seasons: Equinoxes, Solstices, Perihelion, and Aphelion, 2000-2020". http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/EarthSeasons.php.
- ^ Calculated using a version of the Goodman-Martinez-Thompson (GMT) correlation between the Long Count and Western calendars, in which this mythical Creation date corresponds with a Julian Day Number (JDN) = 584283. Since its refinement in the 1930s the GMT correlation has become the one favoured by most Mayanist scholars. See Houston et al. (2001, p.234)
- ^ See Finley (2002), Houston (1989, pp.49–51), Miller and Taube (1993, pp.50–52), Voss (2006, p.138), Wagner (2006, pp.281–283). Note that Houston 1989 mistakenly has "3113 BC", instead of either "3114 BC" or "-3113" (astronomical year numbering). Miller and Taube 1993's mention of "2 August" is a (presumed) erratum.
- ^ Schele & Freidel (1990)
- ^ In this version, known variously as the GMT+2, Thompson, astronomical, or Lounsbury correlation, the Long Count's zero or base date is set at JDN = 584285.
- ^ After a modified proposal championed by Floyd Lounsbury; sources that have used this correlation include Houston (1989, p.51), and in particular Schele & Freidel (1990, pp.430 et seq.).
- ^ NASA, Intel, SGI Plan to 'Soup Up' Supercomputer
- ^ IBM Tapped For 20-Petaflop Government Supercomputer
- ^ Phillips, Tony (10 January 2008). "Solar Cycle 24 Begins". Science@NASA. NASA. http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2008/10jan_solarcycle24.htm. Retrieved on 2009-04-06.
- ^ "The Sun Does a Flip". Science@NASA. NASA. 15 February 2001. http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast15feb_1.htm. Retrieved on 2009-04-06.
- ^ When is the Digital TV Switchover? The different regions and dates
References
- Finley, Michael (2002). "The Correlation Question". The Real Maya Prophecies: Astronomy in the Inscriptions and Codices. Maya Astronomy. http://members.shaw.ca/mjfinley/corr.html. Retrieved on 2007-06-04.
- Houston, Stephen D. (1989). Reading the Past: Maya Glyphs. London: British Museum Publications. ISBN 0-7141-8069-6. OCLC 18814390.
- Houston, Stephen D.; Oswaldo Fernando Chinchilla Mazariegos, and David Stuart (eds.) (2001). The Decipherment of Ancient Maya Writing. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3204-3. OCLC 44133070.
- Miller, Mary; and Karl Taube (1993). The Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya: An Illustrated Dictionary of Mesoamerican Religion. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-05068-6. OCLC 27667317.
- Schele, Linda; and David Freidel (1990). A Forest of Kings: The Untold Story of the Ancient Maya. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-07456-1. OCLC 21295769.
- Voss, Alexander (2006). "Astronomy and Mathematics". in Nikolai Grube (ed.). Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest. Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (assistant eds.). Cologne: Könemann. pp. 130–143. ISBN 3-8331-1957-8. OCLC 71165439.
- Wagner, Elizabeth (2006). "Maya Creation Myths and Cosmography". in Nikolai Grube (ed.). Maya: Divine Kings of the Rain Forest. Eva Eggebrecht and Matthias Seidel (Assistant eds.). Cologne: Könemann. pp. 280–293. ISBN 3-8331-1957-8. OCLC 71165439.
