Amyotha Hluttaw

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House of Nationalities

အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော်

Amyotha Hluttaw
Type
Type
Term limits
5 years; can serve for three consecutive years upon reelection
History
Founded31 January 2011 (2011-01-31)
Preceded byPeople's Assembly (1974–1988)
Leadership
Vacant
since 31 January 2021
Deputy Speaker
Vacant
since 31 January 2021
Seats224 MPs
Elections
Last Amyotha Hluttaw election
8 November 2020 (annulled)
Meeting place
Hluttaw Complex, Naypyidaw
Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Complex, Naypyidaw
Website
www.amyothahluttaw.gov.mm
Politics of Myanmar
Constitution
Government
Legislature (dissolved)
Judiciary
Recent elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
Exiled government
Related topics
flag Myanmar portal

The Amyotha Hluttaw (Burmese: အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော်, IPA: [ʔəmjóðá l̥ʊʔtɔ̀]; House of Nationalities) is the de jure upper house of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw, the bicameral legislature of Myanmar (Burma). It consists of 224 members, of which 168 are directly elected and 56 appointed by the Myanmar Armed Forces. The last elections to the Amyotha Hluttaw were held in November 2015.[1] At its second meeting on 3 February 2016, Mahn Win Khaing Than and Aye Thar Aung were elected Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Amyotha Hluttaw and Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw as a whole.[2]

After the coup d'état on 1 February 2021, the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw was dissolved by Acting President Myint Swe, who declared a one-year state of emergency and transferred all legislative powers to Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Min Aung Hlaing.[3]

House of Nationalities Building

Composition[edit]

Constituency boundaries

House of Nationalities (Amyotha Hluttaw) consists of 224 members: 168 directly elected and 56 appointed by the Myanmar Armed Forces, under a unique constitutional provision that has no parallel in the world. Twelve representatives are elected by each state or region (inclusive of relevant Union territories, and including one representative from each Self-Administered Division or Self-Administered Zone).[4]

2016–2021[edit]

Amyotha Hluttaw elections, 2015[5]
Party Seats Net gain/loss Seats % Votes % Votes +/−
  NLD 135 Increase132 60.27
  USDP 11 Decrease113 4.91
  ANP 10 Increase4 4.46
  SNLD 3 Increase2 1.34
  TNP 2 Increase2 0.89
  ZCD 2 Increase2 0.89
  MNP 1 Increase1 0.45
  NUP 1 Decrease4 0.45
  PNO 1 Increase1 0.45
  Independent 2 Increase2 0.89
  AMRDP 0 Decrease4 0
  SNDP 0 Decrease3 0
  Others 0 Decrease18 0
  Military appointees 56 Steady 25.00 – – 0
Total 224 {{{votes}}}
Amyotha Hluttaw by Regions and States, 2015
Region/State NLD USDP ANP SNLD ZCD PNO TNP MNP NUP Independent Total
Kachin State 10 1 1 12
Kayah State 9 2 1 12
Kayin State 10 2 12
Chin State 9 1 2 12
Mon State 11 1 12
Rakhine State 1 1 10 12
Shan State 3 3 3 1 2[6] 12
Sagaing Region 12 12
Tanintharyi Region 12 12
Bago Region 12 12
Magway Region 12 12
Mandalay Region 10 2 12
Yangon Region 12 12
Ayeyarwady Region 12 12
Total 135 11 10 3 2 1 2 1 1 2 168

2015 results are as of 20 November 2015. Military appointees are not included in the Amyotha Hluttaw by Regions and States, 2015 table.[7]

2011–2016[edit]

General election, 2010
Party Seats[8] %
Union Solidarity and Development Party 129 57.59
Rakhine Nationalities Development Party 7 3.13
National Unity Party 5 2.23
National Democratic Force 4 1.79
All Mon Region Democracy Party 4 1.79
Chin Progressive Party 4 1.79
Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 3 1.33
Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party 3 1.33
Chin National Party 2 0.89
Pa-O National Organisation 1 0.45
Kayin People's Party 1 0.45
Taaung (Palaung) National Party 1 0.45
Wa Democratic Party 1 0.45
Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State 1 0.45
Kayin State Democracy and Development Party 1 0.45
Independent 1 0.45
Military appointees 56 25.00
Total 224 100
Changes between 2010 and 2012, which were not addressed by the 2012 by-election
Date Constituency Old MP Party New MP Party Note
August 2011 Rangoon Division No. 3 Phone Myint Aung NDF Phone Myint Aung NNDP Changed party membership[9]
December 2011 Rangoon Region No. 4 Myat Nyana Soe NDF Myat Nyana Soe NLD Changed party membership[10]
28 January 2012 Sagaing Division No. 2 Bogyi aka Aung Ngwe USDP – – Deceased[11]
By-election, 2012
Party Seats won Change Seats before Seats after[12]
Union Solidarity and Development Party 1 Decrease 5 128 123
Rakhine Nationalities Development Party 0 Steady 7 7
National Unity Party 0 Steady 5 5
National League for Democracy 4 Increase 4 1 5
National Democratic Force 0 Steady 2 2
New National Democracy Party 0 Steady 1 1
All Mon Region Democracy Party 0 Steady 4 4
Chin Progressive Party 0 Steady 4 4
Shan Nationalities Democratic Party 1 Increase 1 3 4
Phalon-Sawaw Democratic Party 0 Steady 3 3
Chin National Party 0 Steady 2 2
Pa-O National Organization 0 Steady 1 1
Kayin People's Party 0 Steady 1 1
Taaung (Palaung) National Party 0 Steady 1 1
Wa Democratic Party 0 Steady 1 1
Unity and Democracy Party of Kachin State 0 Steady 1 1
Kayin State Democracy and Development Party 0 Steady 1 1
Independent 0 Steady 1 1
Vacant 0 Steady 1 1
Military appointees – – 56 56
Total 6 Steady 224 224
Changes between 2012 and 2015
Date Constituency Old MP Party New MP Party Note
5 February 2013 Rangoon Division No. 6 Tin Shwe NDF – – Became a Deputy Minister[11]
2013 Arakan State No. 4 Maung Sa Pru RNDP – – Deceased[11]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Myanmar election commission publishes election final results". Xinhuanet. 17 November 2010. Archived from the original on 20 November 2010.
  2. ^ "Burma's parliament opens new session". BBC News. 31 January 2011.
  3. ^
  4. ^ 2008 Constitution, Myanmar. Pg. Article 141 (a)
  5. ^ "Announcement 93/2015". Union Election Commission. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  6. ^ "Announcement 95/2015". Union Election Commission. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  7. ^ "Announcement 93/2015". Union Election Commission. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2015.
  8. ^ "Burma's 2010 Elections: A comprehensive report" (PDF). Burma Fund UN Office. 31 January 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2015.
  9. ^ "New political party says it wants to work for a peaceful Burma". Mizzima. 24 August 2011. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  10. ^ "NDF MPs rejoin NLD". Mizzima. 9 April 2012. Archived from the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  11. ^ a b c "National Assembly – Overview – Parliament Watch". ALTSEAN Burma. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  12. ^ "National Assembly – Overview – Parliament Watch". ALTSEAN Burma. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012.
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