Comparison of command shells
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For more details on this topic, see Shell (computing).
A command shell is a command line interface computer program to an operating system.
| bash (v4.0) | csh | tcsh | Scsh | ksh (ksh93t+) | pdksh | zsh | ash | Windows cmd.exe[1] |
4NT | Windows PowerShell | COMMAND.COM | 4DOS | OS/2 cmd.exe |
rc | BeanShell | Python shell | Ruby shell | VMS DCL[2] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Usual environment | POSIX | POSIX | POSIX | POSIX | POSIX | POSIX | POSIX | POSIX | Win32 | Win32 | .NET | DOS | DOS | OS/2 | Plan 9, POSIX | Java | Python | Ruby | OpenVMS |
| Introduced | 1987 | 1978 | 1981 ? | 1994 | 1982 | 1989 ? | 1990 | 1989 | 1993 | 1993 | 2006 | 1980 | 1989 | 1987 | 1989 | 2005 | 1991 | 1995 | 1977 ? |
| Tab completion | Yes (extendable) | Yes (via the ESC key) | Yes (extendable) | No | Yes (extendable) | Yes | Yes (extendable) | No | Yes | Yes | Yes (extendable) | No | Yes | Yes | Yes[3] | Yes | Yes (provided by the rlcompleter module or IPython) | Yes | No |
| Pipes | text concurrent |
text concurrent |
text concurrent |
text | text, objects concurrent |
text concurrent |
text concurrent |
text concurrent |
text concurrent |
text | objects concurrent |
text sequential temporary files |
text sequential temporary files |
text concurrent |
text concurrent |
not supported | Yes (provided by IPython) | not supported | text (via PIPE command) |
| Integer arithmetic | Yes (via $(( )), (( )) and let syntax) | Yes (via @ syntax) | Yes (via @ syntax) | Yes | Yes (via $(( )), (( )), let syntax and expr builtin) | Yes (via $(( )) syntax) | Yes (via $(( )), (( )) and let syntax) | Yes [4] | Yes (via "set /a") | Yes (via %@eval[ ] function) | Yes | No | Yes (via %@eval[ ] function) | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Typing discipline | dynamic weak |
dynamic weak |
dynamic weak |
dynamic strong |
dynamic weak |
dynamic weak |
dynamic weak |
dynamic weak |
dynamic weak |
dynamic weak |
dynamic or static strong |
dynamic weak |
dynamic weak |
dynamic weak |
? | dynamic strong |
dynamic strong |
dynamic strong |
dynamic weak |
| Floating point arithmetic | No | No | No | Yes | Yes (including C99-style extensions) | No | Yes | No | No | Yes (via %@eval[ ] function) | Yes | No | Yes (via %@eval[ ] function) | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Date & time arithmetic | No | No | No | ? | No | No | ? | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Scientific notation | No (except for printf %f/%g) | No | No | Yes | Yes (including C99-style base16 notation) | No | Yes | No | No | Yes[5] | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Binary prefix notation | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | ? | Yes | No | ? | No | No | ? | ? | ? | Yes |
| Hash tables | Yes (via associative arrays) | No | No | Yes (via module) | Yes (via associative arrays) | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Compound Variables | No | No | No | Yes (via records or lists) | Yes | No | ? | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No |
| Pattern Matching (regular expressions built-in) | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Limited support | Yes (full regex support)[6] | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Pattern Matching (globbing) | Yes (*, ?, [...]) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (*, ?, [...]) | Yes | Yes (*, ?, [...]) | Yes | Yes (*, ?) | Yes (*, ?, [...]) | Yes (*, ?, [...]) | Yes (*, ?) | Yes (*, ?, [...]) | Yes (*, ?) | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | Yes |
| bash (v4.0) | csh | tcsh | Scsh | ksh (ksh93t+) | pdksh | zsh | ash | Windows cmd.exe[1] |
4NT | Windows PowerShell | COMMAND.COM | 4DOS | OS/2 cmd.exe |
rc | BeanShell | Python shell | Ruby shell | VMS DCL | |
| Globbing qualifiers (filename generation based on file attributes) | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | No |
| Recursive globbing (generating files from any level of subdirectories) | Yes (**/...) | No | No | No | Yes (with set -G, no following of symlinks) | No | Yes (**/... or ***/... to follow symlinks) | No | No | Yes (via FOR /R) | ? | No | Yes (via FOR /R) | ? | No | ? | ? | ? | Yes (via [SUBDIR...] ) |
| Directory stack (pushd/popd) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes (all location types)[7] | No | Yes | ? | ? | ? | Yes (provided by IPython) | ? | No |
| Command history | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes (F7) | Yes | Yes | No[8][9] | Yes | Yes | Yes[3] | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| History completion | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | ? | Yes | No | Yes (F8) | Yes | Yes (F8) | No[8][9] | Yes | ? | Yes[3] | ? | Yes (provided by IPython) | ? | No |
| Spell checking | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No |
| Default user prompt[10] | bash-<version number>$ | % | > | > | $ | $ | <hostname>% | $ | <path>> | [<path>] | PS <path>> | <path or drive name>> | <path>> | [<path>] | term%, ; | bsh % | >>> | irb(main):001:0> | $ |
| Custom command prompt | Yes (variable: $PS1) | Yes (variable: $prompt | Yes (variable: $prompt | No | Yes (variable: $PS1, and more) | Yes (variable: $PS1) | Yes (variable: $PS1, and more) | Yes (variable: $PS1) | Yes (environment variable: %PROMPT%) | Yes (environment variable: %PROMPT) | Yes (function: prompt) | Yes (environment variable: %PROMPT%) | Yes (environment variable: %PROMPT) | Yes (environment variable: %PROMPT%) | Yes (function: prompt, or variable: $prompt) | Yes (variable: bsh.prompt, or method: getBshPrompt()) | Yes (variable: sys.ps1) | ? | Yes (SET PROMPT command) |
| Exception handling | Yes (via trap) | ? | ? | ? | Yes (via trap) | ? | Yes | Yes (via trap) | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| bash (v4.0) | csh | tcsh | Scsh | ksh (ksh93t+) | pdksh | zsh | ash | Windows cmd.exe[1] |
4NT | Windows PowerShell | COMMAND.COM | 4DOS | OS/2 cmd.exe |
rc | BeanShell | Python shell | Ruby shell | VMS DCL | |
| One-dimensional array variables | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Multi-dimensional array variables | No | No | No | Yes | Yes (both indexed and associative arrays) | No | Yes (via associative arrays) | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Array slicing | Yes (${var:offset:length} syntax) | No | No | No | Yes (${var:offset:length} and [${from}..${to}] syntax) | No | Yes (${var[from,to]} syntax) | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes ($var(i j k)) | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Stream redirection | Yes (arbitrary fds) | Yes (stdin/out/err) | Yes (stdin/out/err) | Yes | Yes (arbitrary fds) | Yes (arbitrary fds) | Yes (arbitrary fds) | Yes (arbitrary fds) | Yes | Yes (stdin/out/err) | Yes | Yes (stdin/out only) | Yes (stdin/out/err) | Yes (stdin/out/err) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (sys$input, sys$output assignment) |
| Aliases | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (macro and procedure definitions) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes ("macros", via doskey) | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes (functions) | ? | Yes (functions) | Yes | Yes |
| Search and replace on variables | Yes (via ${//} syntax) | No | Yes (via ${:s//} syntax | Yes (via string functions and regular expressions) | Yes (via ${//} syntax and builtin commands) | No | Yes (via ${:s//} and ${//} syntax) | No | Yes (via set %varname:expression syntax) | Yes (via %@replace[ ] function) | Yes (-replace operator) | No | Yes (via %@replace[ ] function) | No | No | ? | Yes (via string methods and regular expressions) | Yes (via string functions and regular expressions) | No |
| Command substitution | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (via FOR /F command) | Yes (via FOR /F command) | Yes | No | Yes (via FOR /F command) | No | Yes | ? | Yes | ? | No |
| Process substitution | Yes (if system supports /dev/fd/<n> or named pipes | No | No | ? | Yes (if system supports /dev/fd/<n> | No | Yes | No | No | ? | ? | No | ? | No | Yes (via: <{cmd} if system supports /dev/fd/<n>) | ? | ? | ? | No |
| Quoting | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Limited | Yes (Backtick: `) | Yes | No | Yes (Backtick: `) | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Escaping | Yes (Backslash: \) | Yes (Backslash: \) | Yes (Backslash: \) | Yes (Backslash: \) | Yes (Backslash: \) | Yes (Backslash: \) | Yes (Backslash: \) | Yes (Backslash: \) | Yes (Caret: ^) | Yes (Caret: ^) | Yes (Backtick: `) | No | Yes (Ctrl-X: ?) | Yes | Yes | Yes (Backslash: \) | Yes (Backslash: \) | Yes (Backslash: \) | Yes (quotes or string assignment) |
| Parallel assignment | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | ? | ? | Yes | Yes | No |
| bash (v4.0) | csh | tcsh | Scsh | ksh (ksh93t+) | pdksh | zsh | ash | Windows cmd.exe[1] |
4NT | Windows PowerShell | COMMAND.COM | 4DOS | OS/2 cmd.exe |
rc | BeanShell | Python shell | Ruby shell | VMS DCL | |
| Subshells | Yes | Yes | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (Backtick: ` in for /f usebackq) | Limited, via %@execstr[ ] and %@exec[ ] | Yes | No | Limited, via %@execstr[ ] and %@exec[ ] | ? | Yes | ? | Yes | Yes (Backtick: `) | Yes (spawn) |
| Job control | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No[11] | No | No | No | Handled by rio | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Functions | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (via "call :label") | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Variadic functions | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | ? | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Default arguments | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Named parameters | No | No | No | No | Yes (for user-defined "types") | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | ? | No | ? | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Lambda functions | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| eval function | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| bash (v4.0) | csh | tcsh | Scsh | ksh (ksh93t+) | pdksh | zsh | ash | Windows cmd.exe[1] |
4NT | Windows PowerShell | COMMAND.COM | 4DOS | OS/2 cmd.exe |
rc | BeanShell | Python shell | Ruby shell | VMS DCL | |
| (De-)Serialization of composite datatypes | No | No | ? | No | Yes (print -v var, read -C var) | No | ? | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | ? | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Pseudorandom number generation | Yes ($RANDOM) | ? | ? | Yes (random-integer, random-real) | Yes ($RANDOM) | ? | Yes ($RANDOM) | ? | Yes (%random%) | Yes (%@random[ ] function) | Yes | No | Yes (%@random[ ] function) | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| TCP/UDP connections as streams | Yes (client only) | No | No | Yes | Yes (and SCTP support, client only) | No | Yes (client and server but only TCP) | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (server TCP only) |
| Native CIM/WBEM support | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | ? | ? | ? | No |
| Comments | Yes (#) | Yes (#) | Yes (#) | Yes (; and #| ... |# for multi-line comments) | Yes (#) | Yes (#) | Yes (#) | Yes (#) | Yes (rem and unofficially the invalid label ::) | Yes (rem and unofficially the invalid label ::) | Yes (#) | Yes (rem and unofficially the invalid label ::) | Yes (rem and unofficially the invalid label ::) | Yes (rem and unofficially the invalid label ::) | Yes (#) | Yes (//) | Yes (#) | Yes (#) | Yes (!) |
| Here documents | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | No | Equivalent feature ("""string""" syntax) |
Yes | Yes Lines without $ in COM file |
| Unicode | Yes | No | Yes | ? | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | 1.9: Yes 1.8: limited |
No |
| Startup scripts | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (4start) | Yes | No [12] | Yes (4start) | No | Yes | Yes (.bshrc) | Yes ($PYTHONSTARTUP or ipythonrc) | Yes (.irbrc) | Yes (login.com) |
| Blocking of unsigned scripts | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | ? | No |
| bash (v4.0) | csh | tcsh | Scsh | ksh (ksh93t+) | pdksh | zsh | ash | Windows cmd.exe[1] |
4NT | Windows PowerShell | COMMAND.COM | 4DOS | OS/2 cmd.exe |
rc | BeanShell | Python shell | Ruby shell | VMS DCL | |
| Bytecode | No | No | No | Yes (compiler is Scheme48 virtual machine, "scshvm") | Yes (compiler is called "shcomp") | No | Yes (built-in command "zcompile") | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes (standard CPython, IronPython or Jython) | Yes (NetRuby, JRuby, version 1.9/YARV) | No |
| available as statically linked, independent single file executable | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes (requires manual configuration) | Yes | No | ? | Yes | Yes (bsh.jar) | No | No | No |
| Platform-independent | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes via PASH |
Yes[13] | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| License | GPL | BSD | BSD | BSD-style | Common Public License | Public Domain | BSD-style | BSD-style | MS-EULA[14] | Shareware | MS-EULA[15] or BSD/GPL (PASH) |
MS-EULA[16] or BSD/GPL (free clones) |
MIT License, with restrictions | IBM-EULA[17] | ? | LGPL | Python | Ruby, GPL | ? |
| bash (v4.0) | csh | tcsh | Scsh | ksh (ksh93t+) | pdksh | zsh | ash | Windows cmd.exe[1] |
4NT | Windows PowerShell | COMMAND.COM | 4DOS | OS/2 cmd.exe |
rc | BeanShell | Python shell | Ruby shell | VMS DCL |
[edit] References
- ^ a b c d e f g Command extensions enabled, or "cmd /x".
- ^ "HP OpenVMS DCL Dictionary". http://h71000.www7.hp.com/doc/732final/9996/9996pro_contents.html. Retrieved on 2009-03-23.
- ^ a b c Handled by rio, GNU readline, editline or vrl
- ^ Available in modern versions of ash such as NetBSD's sh or Debian ash
- ^ Scientific notation is supported for input only; numeric results are always displayed in common format.
- ^ PowerShell leverages the full .NET regular expression engine which features named captures, zero-width lookahead/-behind, greedy/non-greedy, character classes, level counting etc.
- ^ PowerShell exposes more than just the file system as a navigable system: Windows Registry, functions, aliases, variables, certificate store, credential store etc. The location types are extensible through a provider architecture. Common commands will work with any compliant provider
- ^ a b Added by TSR programs such as DOSKey
- ^ a b Available in DR-DOS via the "history" command in config.sys; see this link
- ^ Many shells in *nix environments change the root user's prompt to '#'.
- ^ Job control will be introduced with PowerShell 2.0. PowerShell 1.0 has no Job control and only limited parallelism
- ^ Limited support via AUTOEXEC.BAT.
- ^ Refers only to some implementations, such as on DosBox, Wine, and FreeDOS.
- ^ Windows component — covered by a valid license for Microsoft Windows
- ^ Windows component — covered by a valid license for Microsoft Windows
- ^ MS-DOS and Windows component — covered by a valid license for MS-DOS or Microsoft Windows
- ^ OS/2 component — covered by a valid license for OS/2
