Ken A. Paller

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Ken A. Paller
Born
Los Angeles, California
NationalityU.S. Citizen
Alma mater
Scientific career
FieldsMemory and Sleep
Institutions
Websitehttps://faculty.wcas.northwestern.edu/paller/ https://cogns.northwestern.edu/

Ken A. Paller is an American neuroscientist who is a professor of psychology at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, USA.[4] He holds the James Padilla Chair in Arts & Sciences and serves as Director of the Cognitive Neuroscience Program in the Weinberg College of Arts & Sciences at Northwestern. He directs the Training Program in the Neuroscience of Human Cognition at Northwestern,[5] with support from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.[6] His work in cognitive neuroscience focuses on human memory, consciousness, sleep, dreaming, and related topics.[7][8]

Paller has published over 300 scientific articles, reviews, and book chapters.[9] His research has been funded by the National Science Foundation,[10] the National Institutes of Health.[6] the Mind Science Foundation,[11] the Mind and Life Institute,[5] the McKnight Foundation[12][13] and the Alzheimer's Association,[14][15] among others. Paller served as Editor for the Memory Section of the journal Neuropsychologia[15] from 2008 to 2016, and remains on the Editorial Advisory Board.[16] From 2011 to 2015 he served on the Annual Meeting Program Committee for the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, chairing the committee for 2014 and 2015.[15][17][18] He is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science[19] and a Fellow of the Mind and Life Institute.[20]

Research[edit]

Paller's early research focused on aspects of human memory, including encoding and retrieval. He studied patients with memory disorders and healthy individuals using behavioral, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging methods. His early work documented neural signals at initial memory formation that predicted whether or not information would be remembered later. In a paper with Marta Kutas and Andrew R. Mayes in 1987, he introduced the term Dm to refer to the electrophysiological differences produced as a function of later memory performance.[21] With Brian Gonsalves and other colleagues, he studied neural events that led to false memories.[22][23] With Joel Voss, he also used electrophysiological methods to document differences in brain responses between conscious and unconscious memory phenomena.[24] Whereas memory phenomena are typically assessed in recall and recognition tests (declarative memory tests), Voss and Paller found different results when unconscious memory was assessed, as in conceptual priming and implicit memory tests.[25]

Paller's later research concerned the idea that learning is not a function only of the initial acquisition of knowledge, but that there are additional processing steps (known as consolidation) and that some of the work of consolidation takes place in the brain during sleep.[26][27] Work in his laboratory was prominent in showing how subtle auditory stimulation during sleep could shape memory storage.[28][29][30][31]

These studies used a method that came to be known as Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR). Studies with TMR showed that many types of learning are improved when pre-sleep learning is followed by memory reactivation during sleep.[32][33][34]

Paller's lab group also contributed to adapting the TMR method to produce lucid-dreaming experiences. In the study of these unusual experiences, when people realize they are dreaming in the midst of a dream, real-time two-way communication between dreamer and experimenter was demonstrated.[35] In this way, the study of dreams can now include data on people's experiences during a dream along with associated neural activity, instead of relying exclusively on people's reports after they wake up to find out about their dreams.[36]

Selected papers[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Talking in Your Sleep: Communications from Inside a Dream". Mind Science. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  2. ^ "Ken Paller". Northwestern Scholars.
  3. ^ Heinze, H.-J.; Münte, T. F.; Mangun, George R. (6 December 2012). Cognitive Electrophysiology. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-1-4612-0283-7.
  4. ^ Pollard, Allyssa (August 13, 2015). "Ken Paller Awarded National Science Foundation Grant". Northwestern Now. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  5. ^ a b "Ken Paller". Mind & Life Institute. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  6. ^ a b Paller, Ken. "Training Program in the Neuroscience of Human Cognition". Grantome. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  7. ^ Blaschke, Jayme (November 4, 2019). "Memory and Cognitive Disorders Award to help researchers explore link between sleep, memory". Texas State Newsroom. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  8. ^ "Sleep to Remember". Northwestern Magazine. No. Spring. 2019.
  9. ^ "Ken A. Paller". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  10. ^ "NSF Award Search: Award # 1025697 - Strategically strengthening declarative memories during sleep". National Science Foundation. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  11. ^ Good, Meriam (30 September 2016). "2016 Tom Slick Research Awards in Consciousness". Mind Science. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  12. ^ Miles, Molly (4 December 2019). "McKnight Awards $1.2 Million for Study of Memory and Cognitive Disorders". McKnight Foundation. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  13. ^ O'Connor, John (1 October 2014). "'Mindfulness' training appears helpful". McKnight's Senior Living. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  14. ^ "2008 Alzheimer's Association Grants Portfolio" (PDF). Alzheimer’s Association. 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  15. ^ a b c "Ken Paller". The Helix Center. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  16. ^ "Editorial board - Neuropsychologia | ScienceDirect.com by Elsevier". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  17. ^ "2014 Meeting Program" (PDF). Cognitive Neuroscience Society. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  18. ^ "2 Cognitive Neuroscience Society 2015 Committees & Staff" (PDF). CNS2015. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  19. ^ "APS Fellows (Search for Paller)". member.psychologicalscience.org. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  20. ^ "Fellows". Mind & Life Institute. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  21. ^ Friedman, David; Ritter, Walter; Snodgrass, Joan Gay (1 July 1996). "ERPs during study as a function of subsequent direct and indirect memory testing in young and old adults". Cognitive Brain Research. 4 (1): 1–13. doi:10.1016/0926-6410(95)00041-0. ISSN 0926-6410. PMID 8813408.
  22. ^ Platek, Steven; Keenan, Julian; Shackelford, Todd (2007). Evolutionary Cognitive Neuroscience. MIT Press. pp. 525–528. ISBN 978-0-262-16241-8.
  23. ^ Wilson, Rachal Zara (21 March 2014). Neuroscience for Counsellors: Practical Applications for Counsellors, Therapists and Mental Health Practitioners. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. pp. 69–70. ISBN 978-0-85700-894-7.
  24. ^ van Gaal, Simon; De Lange, Floris; Cohen, Michael (2012). "The role of consciousness in cognitive control and decision making". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 6: 121. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00121. ISSN 1662-5161. PMC 3345871. PMID 22586386.
  25. ^ Kutas, Marta; Federmeier, Kara D. (10 January 2011). "Thirty Years and Counting: Finding Meaning in the N400 Component of the Event-Related Brain Potential (ERP)". Annual Review of Psychology. 62 (1): 621–647. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.093008.131123. ISSN 0066-4308. PMC 4052444. PMID 20809790. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  26. ^ LaMotte, Sandee (12 January 2022). "You can learn to put names to faces while you sleep, study finds". CNN. Retrieved 15 May 2023.
  27. ^ Axmacher, Nikolai; Rasch, Björn (9 February 2017). Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory Consolidation. Springer. pp. 345–355. ISBN 978-3-319-45066-7.
  28. ^ Belluck, Pam (19 November 2009). "Sounds During Sleep Aid Memory, Study Finds". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  29. ^ Diekelmann, S (2014). "Sleep for cognitive enhancement". Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience. 8: 46. doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00046. PMC 3980112. PMID 24765066.
  30. ^ Chen, Zhe Sage; Wilson, Matthew A. (1 March 2023). "How our understanding of memory replay evolves". Journal of Neurophysiology. 129 (3): 552–580. doi:10.1152/jn.00454.2022. ISSN 0022-3077. PMC 9988534. PMID 36752404. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  31. ^ Wickelgren, Ingrid (April 22, 2010). "Sounds Make Memories Stick During Sleep". Scientific American. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  32. ^ Cellini, Nicola; Capuozzo, Alessandra (August 2018). "Shaping memory consolidation via targeted memory reactivation during sleep: Shaping memories during sleep". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1426 (1): 52–71. doi:10.1111/nyas.13855. PMID 29762867. S2CID 46886898. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  33. ^ Li, Joyce (18 November 2022). "NU-led study observes memory storage during sleep". The Daily Northwestern.
  34. ^ Paul, Marla (October 18, 2021). "Now everyone can build battery-free electronic devices". news.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  35. ^ Kulke, Stephanie (February 18, 2021). "Real-time dialogue with a dreaming person is possible". news.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  36. ^ "Scientists Demonstrate Two-Way Communication with Dreaming Persons during Lucid Dream | Sci.News". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. 24 February 2021. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
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