Exor (company)

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Exor N.V.
FormerlyIstituto Finanziario Industriale
Company typePublic (N.V.)
Euronext: ΕΝ
ISINNL0012059018
IndustryHolding company
Founded27 July 1927; 96 years ago (1927-07-27)
FounderGiovanni Agnelli
Headquarters
Amsterdam
,
Netherlands
Key people
ProductsDiversified investments, automotive, healthcare, tech, media, heavy equipment, sports,
RevenueIncrease €44.742 billion (2022)[1]
Increase €2.898 billion (2023)[1]
Total assetsIncrease €94.779 billion (2023)[1]
Total equityIncrease €33.132 billion (2023)[1]
OwnerAgnelli family (through Giovanni Agnelli B.V.) (52.01%)
Number of employees
c. 83,773 (2023)[1]
WebsiteExor.com

Exor N.V. is the listed holding company of the Italian Agnelli family.

It is incorporated in the Netherlands, listed on Euronext Amsterdam, and controlled through the privately held company Giovanni Agnelli B.V. (owned by members of the extended Agnelli family).

It has a history of investments running over a century, originating from senator Giovanni Agnelli, the founder of FIAT. Its holding include auto and truck manufacturers Stellantis, Ferrari, and Iveco, agricultural and construction firm CNH Industrial, health technology company Philips, the association football club Juventus, the international newspaper The Economist, and the Italian media company GEDI Gruppo Editoriale. In May 2023, Exor launched its investment management company Lingotto.[2]

History[edit]

Founding and growth (1927–2007)[edit]

Giovanni Agnelli, Exor founder

The company was founded in Turin on 27 July 1927 under the name of Istituto Finanziario Industriale (IFI) by the then senator Giovanni Agnelli, with the aim of reuniting under a single company all the shareholdings he had acquired, mainly in industrial sectors, including his stake as the largest shareholder in FIAT. When he passed away in 1945, he left his shareholding to his descendants, giving the largest share (35%) to his oldest nephew, Gianni Agnelli.

In 1957, IFI acquired control of Istituto Commerciale Laniero Italiano (ICLI), which conducted activities in the financial field, particularly in the textile and wool sector. In 1963, it extended its operations to the banking system and changed its name to Istituto Bancario Italiano Laniero. Three years later, having spun off the banking business to Banca Subalpina, the company became IFIL, playing a parallel role to that of IFI and conducting similar investment management activities, under the management of the Agnelli family.[3]

IFI listed preference shares (with no voting rights) on the Borsa Italiana in 1968.[4] Over the following decades, while remaining the largest shareholder in FIAT, IFI gained holdings in numerous firms, including Buzzi Unicem, Rockefeller Center, Cinzano, Club Med, and 3M.

In 1984, Gianni Agnelli created Giovanni Agnelli S.r.l., a holding company to consolidate the family ownership in IFI and prevent outsiders from acquiring voting shares. In 1987, with more family members joining the holding company (then renamed Giovanni Agnelli e C. S.a.p.az.), its control amounted to over 70% of IFI ordinary shares. [5] By 2000, it had acquired 100% of the ordinary shares, with only non-voting preference shares left on the market.[6]

In 2003, the company was restructured, under the leadership of Umberto Agnelli, its chairman. All shares in operational subsidiaries, including FIAT, were transferred to IFIL, which was then renamed IFIL Investments.[7] IFI remained the parent holding company, through its ownership of 62.03% of IFIL ordinary shares[8] and a stake in the Exor Group (a Luxembourg investment company that had been acquired in 1991).[9]

In April 2007 John Elkann, who had been nominated as his successor and largest shareholder by Gianni Agnelli, assumed the chairmanship of IFI.

Restructuring as Exor and early investments (2008–2018)[edit]

With the aim of simplifying the capital structure, on 1 March 2009 IFIL Investments merged with and into IFI to create Exor S.p.A., the new listed holding company of the Agnelli group. John Elkann was named Chairman and Carlo Sant’Albano was appointed CEO. All classes of shares (savings shares, preference shares and ordinary shares) were listed on Borsa Italiana.[10] As a result of the merger, Giovanni Agnelli e C. S.a.p.az. held 59.2% of the ordinary shares of Exor, exercising control in all ordinary matters. At the time of the merger, Exor's net asset value (NAV) per share was €12.95.[11]

On 3 January 2011, Fiat executed a spin-off of its industrial vehicles division: as a result, Exor became the largest shareholder in the new Fiat Industrial, listed on Borsa Italiana[12]. On 11 February 2011, John Elkann assumed the post of CEO of Exor, while retaining his role as chairman of the board.[13]

In 2013, Exor announced plans to convert all outstanding preference and saving shares in its share capital into ordinary shares, to further simplify its capital structure.[14] The conversion, approved by shareholders on 20 March,[15] was executed on 24 June 2013. After the conversion, Giovanni Agnelli e C. S.a.p.az retained ownership of 51.39% of Exor's share capital.[16]

In June 2013, Exor sold its 15% stake in Swiss bank SGS for a total consideration of €2 billion, generating €1.53 billion in capital gain.[17] On 29 September 2013, Fiat Industrial and CNH Global merged to form CNH Industrial N.V., a new leader in trucking, agricultural machinery and construction equipment. The company is headquartered in London, incorporated in the Netherlands, and is listed on the NYSE and Borsa Italiana. Exor remained the controlling shareholder of the new entity.[18]

After acquiring the last outstanding shares of the Chrysler Group, which it had saved from bankruptcy in 2009, Fiat announced plans to merge the two companies to form Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, the eight-largest automotive company in the world.[19] The new company was incorporated in the Netherlands (because of its laws on double voting shares) and listed on both the NYSE and Borsa Italiana. The merger was completed on 12 October 2014.

On 12 August 2015, it was announced Exor would purchase three-fifths of The Economist Group shares then owned by Pearson PLC,[20] which had held a non-controlling 50% stake since 1928.[21][20] With the deal considered to be the "most important change to The Economist's shareholding structure in almost 90 years",[20] the transaction was completed in August 2015, with about 50% of the Economist Group sold for about $715 million back to the group itself, as well as Exor S.p.A. In doing so, Exor paid 15 times the Economist Group's operating profit.[22] As a result, Exor became the largest shareholder in The Economist, with a 43.4% stake[23]. On 2 September 2015, Exor sold Cushman & Wakefield to Chicago-based DTZ for $1.28 billion, generating a capital gain of $722 million.[24]

With a press release on 14 April 2015, Exor announced a tender offer to acquire PartnerRe, a Bermuda-based insurance company, for $6.4 billion.[25] After months of public negotiations due to a competing bid from Axis Capital, Exor signed an agreement to acquire PartnerRe on 3 August 2015, valuing the company at $6.9 billion.[26] The acquisition was completed on 18 March 2016.[27] After closing, Exor transferred around €660 million of assets to PartnerRe.[28]

After initially selling a 9% stake through an IPO on the NYSE, FCA announced that it would distribute its remaining 81% interest in Ferrari N.V. to shareholders. Ferrari N.V. is the Netherlands holding company that owns luxury car manufacturer Ferrari SpA. On 4 January 2016, Ferrari shares began trading on Borsa Italiana,[29] and Exor acquired a 23.5% shareholding (with 33.4% of voting rights). Exor also signed a shareholder agreement concerning Ferrari with Piero Ferrari (10% owner with 15.4% of voting rights).[30]

On 10 February 2016, Exor acquired a 13% shareholding in Welltec, a Dutch robotics company, for €103.3 million.[31]

Creation of Stellantis and further investments (2019–2024)[edit]

In December 2019, FCA and the PSA Group announced a merger, which was to be completed in twelve to fourteen months.[32][33][34] In July 2020, Elkann and the FCA CEO Mike Manley announced that the combined company would be called Stellantis upon completion of the trans-Atlantic merger.[35][36] The merger was completed on 16 January 2021, with its common shares subsequently trading under the ticker symbol STLA on the Borsa Italiana, Euronext Paris, and the New York Stock Exchange. At the completion date of merger, the combined company became the world's fifth-largest car maker by unit sales.[37] On 14 April 2021, Exor and Peugeot, both significant shareholders in Stellantis, signed a five-year agreement.[38]

Major investments taking place in 2020 included Shang Xia,[39] GEDI Gruppo Editoriale,[40] and Via Transportation.[41] With the stake later increased to 18.3%,[42] Exor acquired 8.87% of Via Transportation, a ride-share company, for $200 million in March 2020.[43] In April 2020, Exor purchased 43.7% of the Italian media group GEDI Gruppo Editoriale for €102.4 million from the CIR Group,[44][45] the holding company of Carlo De Benedetti's family.[40] In December 2020, Exor invested around €80 million in the Chinese group Shang Xia, then partnering Shang Xia with Hermès International.[39] Exor became a minority shareholder of the French fashion house Christian Louboutin in March 2021, purchasing 24% of the capital for 541 million euros.[46] On 16 June 2021, Exor and World-Wide Investments Company Limited of Hong Kong created the company Nuo spa, with 50% owned by Exor and 50% owned by WWICL.[47] In July 2022, by way of a reserved capital increase, Exor acquired 10% of Institut Mérieux for a value of €833 million.[48]

In February 2022, Exor paid $845 million to Italian tax authorities to settle a dispute related to the move of its legal headquarters to the Netherlands in 2016.[49][50] To align with its legal structure as a Dutch company, Exor announced in July 2022 that it would move its shares to Amsterdam from Milan to list on Euronext Amsterdam.[51] In April 2022, Exor invested around US$1.1 billion in the healthcare industry, including a 45% stake in Lifenet Healthcare.[52][53] After a financial scandal hit Juventus in January 2023, the then Juventus chairman Andrea Agnelli resigned from the boards of Stellantis and Exor.[54][55] In April 2023, Elkann remained CEO of Exor, which had around 5 billion euros for acquisitions after selling PartnerRE. It maintained controlling stakes in companies such as Ferrari, CNH Industrial, and Juventus.[56]

On 19 June 2023, Exor announced its partnership with Impala in the joint holding company TagHolding, single shareholder of TagEnergy, a company operating in the renewables and energy storage sectors.[57] On 14 August 2023, Exor acquired 15% of Philips, a multinational company in the health and technology sector, in an operation worth €2.6 billion.[58] On 4 March 2024, Exor invested US$500 million in Clarivate, raising its shares from 6,3% to 10,1%, with a possible further increase up to 17,5%. Former Juventus board of directors member Suzanne Heywood was nominated for election to Clarivate's board of directors at the next Annual General Meeting of Shareholders of the Company on 7 May 2024.[59][60]

In March 2024, Exor increased its stake in UK-based Clarivate, a global provider of data, analytics, technology and expert services, from 1% to 10%. Negotiations are underway to further increase the stake to 17.5%. As part of the agreement, Exor COO Suzanne Heywood would be a candidate for a seat on Clarivate's board. Clarivate's market capitalisation is $4.8bn, and after the deal Exor became the second largest investor in the company.[61]

Also in 2024, Exor, through NUO (a partnership with Hong Kong family office World-Wide Investment Company Limited), acquired a 30 per cent stake in Osit Impresa SpA, which owns Italian women's fashion brand Subdued. Subdued's net consolidated sales for 2023 were approximately €120 million ($130 million) through 85 directly operated shops in Italy, Spain, the UK, France, Germany and other countries.[62]

Key people[edit]

Board of Directors[edit]

John Elkann, CEO of Exor

As of 5 June 2023, the board of directors in charge of Exor was as follows:[63]

  • Nitin Nohria – chairman
  • John Elkann – chief executive officer
  • Melissa Bethell – non-executive director
  • Marc Bolland – non-executive director
  • Tiberto Ruy Brandolini D'Adda – non-executive director
  • Laurence Debroux – non-executive director
  • Sandra Dembeck – non-executive director
  • Axel Dumas – non-executive director
  • Ginevra Elkann – non-executive director
  • Alessandro Nasi – non-executive director

Partners Council[edit]

On 24 May 2018, Exor established the Partners Council, chaired by former UK Chancellor of the Exchequer and Robey Warshaw partner George Osborne. It brings together a group of business leaders that provide additional external experience and counsel into Exor.[64] On 27 September 2021, former Apple chief design officer Jony Ive, joined Exor's Partners Council along with the announcement of a multi-year collaboration with his creative collective LoveFrom.[65]

As of 22 July 2022, in addition to Elkann, Ive, and Osborne, it consisted of CEO and Spotify founder Daniel Ek, Benefits Management Group chief investment officer Michael Larson, 3G Capital co-founder Jorge Paulo Lemann, Alphabet and Google senior vice president and chief financial officer Ruth Porat, OCI Global CEO Nassef Sawiris; Sequoia Capital China founder and managing partner Neil Shen, Tishman Speyer president and CEO Rob Speyer, Alibaba Group executive vice chairman Joseph Tsai, Index Ventures co-founder Mike Volpi, and 7-Main founder, owner, and chairwoman Ruth Wertheimer.[66]

Shareholders[edit]

Since inception in March 2009 and 2021, Exor's total shareholders return was +1,460%, or 24%, on a compound annual rate. The family firm Giovanni Agnelli B.V. owned 52.01% of the share capital in 2021.[67]

Company Share capital[67]
Giovanni Agnelli B.V. 52.0%
Baillie Gifford 4.5%
Harris Associated LP 3.8%
Exor N.V. 5.4%
Vanguard Group 3.3%
Other shareholders 31.0%

Portfolio[edit]

Exor's portfolio is principally composed by different companies in which Exor is the largest shareholder. In addition, the holding manages other investments of four different kind, such as Private for unlisted companies, Public for publicly listed companies, Seeds for early and late stage companies, and Alliance for new companies like NUO Spa. As of 17 April 2023, declared shareholdings were as follows:[68]

Company Sector or industry Share capital Voting rights
Juventus F.C. Football team 63.8% 77.9%
GEDI Gruppo Editoriale Media 89.6%[69] 89.6%
The Economist Group Media 34.7% 20.0%
Stellantis Automotive industry 14.2% 14.2%
CNH Industrial Agricultural and heavy machinery 26.9% 42.9%
Ferrari Automotive industry/luxury 22.9% 34.5%
Shang Xia Fashion 82.3% 82.3%
Welltec Technology/Energy industry 47.6% 47.6%
Christian Louboutin Luxury/fashion 24% 24%
Via Transportation Technology/mobility 18.3% 18.3%
Iveco Group Automotive industry 27.1% 42.5%
Lifenet Healthcare Healthcare 44.7% 44.7%
Casavo Real estate 17.7% 17.9%
NUO Investment company 50% 50%
Institut Mérieux Healthcare 3.6% 1.8%
Philips Health technology 15.0% 15.0%
Clarivate Health technology 10.1% 10.1%

Besides major holdings in listed companies, Exor held shares in several listed and unlisted companies in 2020, including Faurecia,[70] Ocado Group, Cameco, and Schlumberger.[71][72]

Venture programs[edit]

Exor Ventures[edit]

Exor's interest in new 21st-century companies led to the launch of Exor Seeds, later to become Exor Ventures, an early and late stage startup investment business, under the leadership of Noam Ohana since 2017. In September 2021, Exor appointed Diego Piacentini, former Amazon and Apple executive manager, as advisor of Exor and chairman of Exor Ventures.[73]

Investments[edit]

Exor Ventures has invested 500 million dollars in 75 companies around the world with a focus on mobility, fintech, and healthcare sectors.[74]

  • Alan
  • Apparis
  • Avant Arte
  • Backed
  • Banias
  • Because
  • Bizaway
  • Caresend
  • Cariuma
  • CARS24
  • Casavo
  • Chain Reaction
  • Corvent
  • Cover
  • Cowboy
  • Crusoe
  • Dice
  • Dignifi
  • DRL
  • Dustphotonic
  • Earlens
  • Emerge
  • EQrx
  • Firefly
  • FIIT
  • Finhabits
  • Galena
  • Humans
  • Inspirna
  • Karat
  • Kheiron
  • Lithic
  • Milkshake
  • Munbi
  • Nebuly
  • Newcleo
  • Norbert Health
  • PhaseV
  • Qashier
  • Qonto
  • Quantum machines
  • Radian Aerospace
  • Reby
  • Reflexion
  • Resilience
  • Saltpay
  • Smallhold
  • Solidus labs
  • Tekion
  • Tissium
  • Upways
  • Viaduct
  • VIAVIA
  • Wayve
  • Xsight
  • Zenbill

Vento[edit]

In April 2022, Exor launched the Vento venture building program and a seed investing vehicle that, according to Diego Piacentini, in one year backed 52 early-stage startups.[75]

Financial data[edit]

Financial data for Exor (2009–2022)[1]
Year Net
revenue[1] 		Net
income[1] 		Assets[1] Equity[1] Group's
employees[1]
2009 €52.520 billion €-997 million €71.804 billion €4.715 billion 190,651
2010 €58.985 billion €571 million €78.707 billion €4.870 billion 196,723
2011 €84.359 billion €2.229 billion €123.030 billion €4.572 billion 195,404
2012 €110.671 billion €2.377 billion €125.762 billion €4.904 billion 287,343
2013 €113.740 billion €4.427 billion €132.680 billion €8.257 billion 305,963
2014 €122.246 billion €1.276 billion €150.509 billion €9.675 billion 318,562
2015 €136.360 billion €343 million €156.895 billion €9.099 billion 303,247
2016 €140.068 billion €2.314 billion €176.528 billion €10.982 billion 302,562
2017 €138.226 billion €4.646 billion €163.775 billion €10.805 billion 265,017
2018 €143.294 billion €5.416 billion €166.275 billion €12.210 billion 272,170
2019 €143.755 billion €8.915 billion €172.610 billion €15.025 billion 268,979
2020 €119.519 billion €1.000 billion €172.945 billion €13.090 billion 263,284
2021* €33.617 billion €3.454 billion €91.111 billion €16.759 billion 74,353
2022 €41.884 billion €4.227 billion €83.699 billion €20.627 billion 80,932
2023 €44.742 billion €2.898 billion €94.779 billion €33.132 billion 83,773

*Adjusted following the classification of FCA Group and PartnerRe Group as discontinued operations.

Investor Days event[edit]

Starting in 2017, Exor held Investor Days events, which took place at the Agnelli Foundation in Turin. Its first Investor Day event was led by Exor and PartnerRe's leadership teams, and provided financial updates and the latest developments from their respective companies.[76] In 2019, a second event was hosted on the occasion of Exor's 10th anniversary. During the meeting, Elkann, together with the management team, illustrated the company's performances, growth, and key achievements over the past ten years.[77] In late 2021, Exor held its third Investor Day, where the primary focus of its future investments was shared, centered on three main sectors: healthcare, luxury, and technology.[78]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  64. ^ "Exor establishes Partners Council, chaired by George Osborne". Exor. 24 May 2018. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  65. ^ "Exor, Ferrari and LoveFrom announce creative partnership". Exor. 27 September 2021. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
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  70. ^ "Faurecia's Capital Structure". Faurecia. 31 March 2021. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
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  75. ^ O'Brien, Amy (9 October 2023). "Italy used to be a startup desert. Now there are signs of life". Sifted. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  76. ^ "Exor Investor Day" (PDF). Exor. 5 October 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
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  78. ^ "2021 Exor Investor Day". Exor. 30 November 2021. Retrieved 7 March 2024.

External links[edit]

  • Official website Edit this at Wikidata
  • Business data for Exor N.V.:
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