File:洪承畴.jpg

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中文（繁體）：洪承疇（1593年10月16日—1665年4月3日），字彥演，號亨九，福建南安縣英都（今英都鎮良山村）人。明末清初政治人物和軍事人物。明神宗萬曆四十四年（1616年）進士，累官至陝西佈政使參政，明思宗崇禎時官至兵部尚書、薊遼總督。松錦之戰（1639年-1642年）大敗後降清，成爲清代第一位漢人大學士，生前輔佐了清朝入關以來的皇帝皇太極及順治帝。洪氏功勞甚大，可説是清兵入關以來除多爾袞及範文程外再無他人。據説他的功勞之大，使吳三桂對他甚是忌憚，吳氏唯有在洪氏逝世後才發動叛亂。
中文（简体）：洪承畴（1593年10月16日—1665年4月3日），字彦演，号亨九，福建南安县英都（今英都镇良山村）人。明末清初政治人物和军事人物。明神宗万历四十四年（1616年）进士，累官至陕西布政使参政，明思宗崇祯时官至兵部尚书、蓟辽总督。松锦之战（1639年-1642年）大败后降清，成为清代第一位汉人大学士，生前辅佐了清朝入关以来的皇帝皇太极及顺治帝。洪氏功劳甚大，可说是清兵入关以来除多尔衮及范文程外再无他人。据说他的功劳之大，使吴三桂对他甚是忌惮，吴氏唯有在洪氏逝世后才发动叛乱。
English: Hong Chengchou or Hung Cheng-chou (Chinese: 洪承疇; Pinyin: Hóng Chéngchóu; born 1593) was a Military commander at the end of the Ming Dynasty. He was one of the leaders that created the Qing Dynasty.Wu Sangui was very fearful of him and it was only after Hong died that Wu began to rebel.
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This image is now in the public domain in China because its term of copyright has expired.

According to copyright laws of the People's Republic of China (with legal jurisdiction in the mainland only, excluding Hong Kong and Macao), amended November 11, 2020, Works of legal persons or organizations without legal personality, or service works, or audiovisual works, enter the public domain 50 years after they were first published, or if unpublished 50 years from creation. For photography works of natural persons whose copyright protection period expires before June 1, 2021 belong to the public domain. All other works of natural persons enter the public domain 50 years after the death of the creator.
According to copyright laws of Republic of China (currently with jurisdiction in Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, etc.), all photographs and cinematographic works, and all works whose copyright holder is a juristic person, enter the public domain 50 years after they were first published, or if unpublished 50 years from creation, and all other applicable works enter the public domain 50 years after the death of the creator.

Important note: Works of foreign (non-U.S.) origin must be out of copyright or freely licensed in both their home country and the United States in order to be accepted on Commons. Works of Chinese origin that have entered the public domain in the U.S. due to certain circumstances (such as publication in noncompliance with U.S. copyright formalities) may have had their U.S. copyright restored under the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA) if the work was under copyright in its country of origin on the date that the URAA took effect in that country. (For the People's Republic of China, the URAA took effect on January 1, 1996. For the Republic of China (ROC), the URAA took effect on January 1, 2002.[3])
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