English: Gordon K. Teal(left) and Morgan Sparks, creators of early metallurgical processes for semiconductor industry. Teal grew the first germanium monocrystals (1948), Sparks used Teal's foundation to create layered PNP structures (1950).

Identifier: belltelephonevol3132mag00amerrich (find matches)
Title: Bell telephone magazine
Year: 1953 Authors: American Telephone and Telegraph Company American Telephone and Telegraph Company. Information Dept
Subjects: Telephone
Publisher: (New York, American Telephone and Telegraph Co., etc.)
Contributing Library: Prelinger Library
Digitizing Sponsor: Internet Archive

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Transistor gi Contributions to newknowledge were madeand, as applications oftransistors became moreand more clear, thegroup turned its atten-tions to the develop-ment of specific designswhich would be requiredon a large scale. Theyhave also interestedthemselves in such prob-lems as the factors con-trolling the band widthof amplification, thenoise figure, theamount of amplificationpossible per stage, basicmaterials, processing,and structure studies es-sential for controlleddevelopment and designof transistors for a va-riety of specific func-tions. The link with re-search was strong andstimulating. A linkagewith the systems de-velopment people, thelikely users, was also en-couraged. Jointly withthe user, operating char-acteristics of transistorswere established, unitswere constructed fortrial, and pre-produc-tion methods wereworked out. Following the patternused for electron tubes,the final stages of de-sign for manufactureare carried out by theLaboratories group lo-cated at the Western
Text Appearing After Image:
Above: The making of composite crystals for junctiontransistors was a problem for chemists. Gordon K. Teal(left) and Morgan Sparks are here studyiiig one of the early units Below: Ingoiious new metallurgical techniques haveplayed an important part in the purification of ger-manium. Using the zone refining method here beingdemonstrated by its inventor W. G. Pfann, germaniumof extreme purity is produced, f. H. Scaff is holding alarge germanium si)igle crystal made by this process.

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