File:Millisecond Pulsar.jpg

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Summary

Description
English: The diagram outlines each step needed to create a pulsar with a superfast spin. The Standard Scenario (1-4):

1. A massive supergiant star and a “normal” Sun-like star orbit each other in a binary star system. 2. The massive star exhausts its nuclear fuel and explodes in a supernova, leaving a neutron star as its remnant. For several tens of millions of years, that neutron star is likely active as a radio pulsar. Eventually it slows down, turns off as a pulsar and becomes simply a cooling neutron star. 3. After billions of years, and if the binary survived the supernova, the lower-mass star evolves and expands into a red giant. Material from the star spills into a disk around the neutron star and eventually onto the neutron star surface in a process known as “accretion.” Accretion transfers angular momentum to the neutron star and makes it spin more rapidly. During this process, the system is visible as an X-ray binary. 4. Once accretion ends, the neutron star is spinning very rapidly and emerges as a millisecond radio pulsar. This process is known as “recycling.” Strong “winds” from the pulsar slowly erode away the companion star, which can eclipse the pulsar’s radio emission.

But in a globular cluster (2b)…

There are so many stars packed so densely together that interactions between ancient “dead” neutron stars and normal stellar binaries can occur (top). When that happens, in a process called “exchange,” the lowest mass star is usually ejected from the binary and the neutron star replaces it (bottom). Once the remaining normal star evolves into a red giant, the rest of the standard “recycling” scenario (3-4) takes place. These interactions and exchanges explain why globular clusters have so many more millisecond pulsars per unit mass than the Galactic disk.
Date
Source https://public.nrao.edu/gallery/how-to-make-a-millisecond-pulsar/
Author B. Saxton, NRAO/AUI/NSF

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Captions

This diagram shows the steps astronomers say are needed to create a pulsar with a superfast spin.

Items portrayed in this file

depicts

millisecond pulsar

pulsar

inception

24 January 2006

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