English: The various types of productivity in the ocean. GPP (gross primary production) is the total rate of carbon fixation/oxygen release by phytoplankton. Part of the GPP is used for autotrophic respiration (RA) by the phytoplankton community, the other part represents net primary production (NPP). The organic matter produced is consumed by heterotrophs for growth and respiration (RH) and the remaining organic matter is new and available for export (NEP, new production, export production). The net primary production (NPP) is most relevant for euphotic zone food web functioning, while the export production is relevant for the biological pump and fuelling deep-sea and benthic food webs. The export or e-ratio divides export/new production by net primary production (NEP/NPP)
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