The bar chart shows that the top 1% and highest quintile (80th to 100th percentile) enjoyed the largest percentage income increase, both before and after taxes, comparing 1979 to 2013. Note also that the lowest quintile fared better in % terms than the Second and Third/Middle.
The analysis compares, for each income group, the 2013 value of the income with the 1979 value, resulting in a total percentage increase. This is done for both the pre-tax (market + transfer) and after-tax data. CBO provides the amounts adjusted for inflation (in 2013 dollars) in the Supplemental data to the report linked below.
Note that the intent of this chart is not to show effective tax rates, the relationship of pre- and after-tax income to each other. In a given year the pre-tax (market + transfer) income level is higher than the after-tax income (i.e., taxes are greater than zero on average across the groups). The U.S. tax code is progressive, so the ratio of after-tax to pre-tax income falls as you move from lower to high income groups (e.g., from 94% on average for the lowest quintile to 69% for the top 1%). CBO provides an effective tax rate chart by income group to cover this concept.
Summary
DescriptionU.S. Income - Changes by Income Group 1979-2011.png
English: U.S. Income - Changes by Income Group 1979-2011
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