Line 3 (Guangzhou Metro)

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Line 3
Platform of Tiyu Xilu
Overview
Other name(s)M3 (5 lines plan name)
M6 (7 lines plan name)
M3 (2000 plan name)
Southern-Northern express line (南北快线)
Shiqiao line (市桥线)
Airport line (机场线)
StatusOperational
OwnerCity of Guangzhou
LocalePanyu, Haizhu, Tianhe, Baiyun, and Huadu districts
Guangzhou, Guangdong
Termini
Stations30
Service
TypeRapid transit
SystemGuangzhou Metro
Services2
Operator(s)Guangzhou Metro Corporation
Rolling stock120 Siemens Mobility-CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Modular Metro cars[1]
Daily ridership1.318 million (Main Line), 871,400 (Airport Branch) (2019 Avg.)[2]
2.759 million (2019 Main and Airport combined Peak)[3]
History
Opened26 December 2005; 18 years ago (2005-12-26)
Technical
Line length65.43 km (40.66 mi)
Number of tracks2
CharacterUnderground
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
ElectrificationOverhead lines, 1,500 V DC
Operating speed120 km/h (75 mph)
Route map

Legend
 Airport North (Terminal 2)
Airport South (Terminal 1)
 9  Left arrow to Fei'eling
 Gaozeng
 9 
connection to Line 9
 Renhe
Liuxi River
 Longgui
 14  Right arrow to Dongfeng/Zhenlong
Jiahe Depot
Jiahewanggang
 2   14 
 14  Down arrow to Guangzhou Railway Station
 2  Down arrow to Guangzhou South Railway Station
 Baiyundadaobei
Yongtai
Tonghe
Jingxi Nanfang Hospital
Meihuayuan
 6  Right arrow to Xiangxue
 Tianhe Coach Terminal
Bus interchange
 6 
 Yantang
 6 
 6  Left arrow to Xunfenggang
branch line (After 2024  10 )
Right arrow Guangshen railway
 South China Normal University
 11 
 11  Right arrow clockwise
 Gangding
Shipaiqiao
Left arrow to Guangzhou Railway Station
 Guangzhou East Railway Station
China Railway  1   11 
 11  Left arrow anti-clockwise
 Linhexi
 APM 
Tiyu Xilu
 1 
 1  Left arrow to Xilang
 13 
Left arrow to Chaoyang
to Xinsha Right arrow
 Zhujiang New Town
 5 
 5 
Left arrow to Jiaokou
to Wenchong Right arrow
Pearl River
Pearl River
 Canton Tower
Tram interchange  APM 
 Chigang Pagoda Yard
 12 
Left arrow to Xunfenggang
to Higher Education Mega Center South Right arrow
 Kecun
 8 
 8 
Left arrow to Jiaoxin
to Wanshengwei Right arrow
 Datang
 11 
 11 
Left arrow clockwise
anti-clockwise Right arrow
 Lijiao
 Guangfo 
 Guangfo  Left arrow to Xincheng Dong
Pearl River
Xiajiao Depot
 Xiajiao
Sanzhixiang Creek
 Dashi
original Line 7
alignment
 7 
Left arrow to Meidi Dadao
to Higher Education Mega Center South Right arrow
 Hanxi Changlong
 7 
 22  Left arrow to Chentougang
 Shiqiao
 18 
Left arrow to Wanqingsha
to XiancunRight arrow
 Panyu Square
 18   22 
Down arrow East extension (under construction)
 Bangjiang
Yanzhou Yard
 Shiqinan
Haichong Lu
 4 
Left arrow to Nansha Passenger Port
to Huangcun Right arrow
 Haibang
 4 
This diagram:
Line 3
Simplified Chinese广州地铁3号线
Traditional Chinese廣州地鐵3號線
Shiqiao line
Simplified Chinese市桥线
Traditional Chinese市橋線
Airport line
Simplified Chinese机场线
Traditional Chinese機場線

Line 3 of the Guangzhou Metro is a 65.43-kilometer (40.66 mi) rapid transit line connects Panyu Square to Tianhe Coach Terminal. The entire line, including all track and stations, is located in tunnels.[4] Its 57.93 km (36.00 mi) main branch, excluding the 7.5 km (4.66 mi) branch between Tianhe Coach Terminal and Tiyu Xilu, is now the third longest continuous subway tunnel in the world, and the longest rail tunnel of any kind (surpassing the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland).

Line 3 is split into two sections, Shiqiao line (main line, from Panyu Square to Tianhe Coach Terminal) and Airport line (northern branch, Tiyu Xilu to Airport North), and are branded with the colour orange. The line is extremely congested, with numerous sections officially operating over 100% capacity.[5] The line uses Seltrac S40 communications-based train control from Alcatel.[6]

History[edit]

Line 3 drawn to scale.

Initial section[edit]

Line 3 started out as a short peripheral line in Guangzhou's "Five-Line" subway masterplan in the early 1990s. It was envisioned as a north south circulator line for the Tianhe District's new CBD connecting Guangzhou East railway station with the proposed Zhujiang New Town CBD, crossing the Pearl River to Chigang station on what was then Line 2 and turning east to Xinzhou.[7] Essentially taking over the section of Today's Line 8 between Chigang and Wanshengwei stations. However at the time it was planned to run under Liede Avenue just east of the new CBD instead of under Xiyu West Road like it does today.[7] In Guangzhou's updated "Seven-Line" subway masterplan published in the late 1990s the proposed Line 3 plan was extended north to arc over old Guangzhou terminating around Chatou Station on Line 13 and Line 12. Additionally the southern section of the line was rerouted southwest roughly following today's Line 12 between Chigang and Luntou,[7] with the section east to Xinzhou mostly being taken over by what is today Line 8.

Line 3 was redesigned into a pure north south line running between Guangzhou East Railway station to reach Panyu District. A branch line was added between Tiyu Xilu station and Tianhe Coach Terminal station.[8] The change was done in response with the local government's "Southern Expansion" plan to develop the southern areas of Guangzhou.[8] This plan required faster transportation links with Panyu District and the new CBD. At the time limited ridership of the first phases of Line 1 and 2 as well as underestimated urban growth rates lead to downscaling of Line 3's trains.[9] The line would use three car Type B trains instead of higher capacity six car Type A trains used in Line 1 and 2; assuming that capacity shortfalls would be mitigated by running a more frequent service, with an ultimate train configuration of six cars in the future as demand slowly increases.[10] Additionally, a separate Airport Express line between Guangzhou's New Baiyun International Airport and the new CBD was proposed.[11]

Construction the first section of Line 3 between East Guangzhou Railway station and officially commenced with groundbreaking on the experimental segment at Datang station in 2001. On January 26, 2003, construction work at Datang was completed and capped.[12] On February 8, 2003 tunnel boring machines begin boring tunnels on the first section of Line 3.[13] Tunnel boring machines beginning boring tunnels on a section of Line 3 at Tiyu Xilu station. Tiyu Xilu Station will use cut-and-cover construction with a bored section in the middle where it runs under Line 1 with only 80 cm (31 in) of cover.[14] On May 30, 2003 Construction work at Shiqiao station was completed and capped one month ahead of schedule.[15] At the same time, Lijiao station begin construction works.[16] 99 sets of escalators were purchased from Hitachi for the project.[17] The entire project was opened in stages between 2005 and 2006.

North South Express Line[edit]

During construction of the initial segment, Line 3 and the Airport Express Line were redesigned and now planned as a single project that begins to resemble its configuration today; A line from Baiyun International Airport to Haibang station via Zhujiang New Town and Panyu Square.[7] The Airport Express Line was merged into Line 3 as the Line 3 Phase 2 project. The expected long term peak demand section of the Phase 2 project is 20,000 passengers per hour per direction.[18] This allowed for the use of Line 3's three car Type B trains on the Airport Line, again assuming that capacity shortfalls would be mitigated by running a more frequent service, with an ultimate train configuration of six cars in the future. Additionally, passing loops and higher speed (140 km/h (87 mph)) operations were proposed for the Airport Line to allow for distinct airport express and regular local services similar to the MTR Tung Chung line and Airport Express in Hong Kong.[19] The express services would run between Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and Tiyu Xilu and only stop at what is today Jiahewanggang, Yantang, Guangzhou East railway stations.[19] The Phase 2 Project extends Line 3 north to the new airport on a mostly elevated alignment.[20] In 2007, 17 km (10.56 mi) of Phase 2 line also redesigned to run underground instead of elevated at a cost of an additional 1 billion Yuan.[21][22] With the redesigned underground alignment, passing loops for express services were removed to control construction costs.[19] The line was now completely transformed into a north south express line with wide stop spacings and 120 km/h (75 mph) operation in suburban sections instead of a local metro line, with aspects of an express railway link, as first envisioned.[23] Later Yongtai station and Gaozeng station was added to the plan the latter station added in anticipation for Line 9. On October 30, 2010 Line 3 Phase 2 entered operation.[24]

Congestion[edit]

In 2010, after the completion of Phase 2, Line 3 has become the most important north-south traffic artery in the urban area of Guangzhou. This is a far cry from the peripheral circulator line it was originally envisioned to be in the 1990s. Massive developments at the Zhujiang New Town CBD and strong population growth of Guangzhou as a whole, created unforeseen high demand and heavy congestion for the line which forced new B2 and B4 series six car trains to be ordered and existing B1 series three car trains were linked together to form six car sets, decades ahead of the original timeline.[25][26] The new B2 and B4 series trains will have luggage racks to support Line 3's role as an airport rail link.[26] The new trains gradually allowed the line to operate to its ultimate configuration of six car type B trains running just at two minute headways. Severe congestion continued to plague the line even at its ultimate design configuration as demand continued to increase. In June 2014, the maximum full load rate in the morning peak of the whole line of Line 3 was as high as 136%, appearing in the interval between Kecun Station and Guangzhou Tower Station.[27] In 2015, with daily average ridership reaching over 1.5 million passengers per day, several rows of seats and all luggage racks where removed from all trains in an attempt to increase capacity.[28][29] In June 2017, the ridership of Line 3 has grown to average over 2 million passengers per day.[30] In March 2018, the whole line heading in the peak direction of the Zhujiang New Town CBD exceeded 100% capacity during the AM peak period with a maximum full load rate exceeding 120% in the section from Yantang Station to Guangzhou East Station on the Airport Line.[31] The busiest section of Line 3 carries over 60,000 pphpd in 2018,[32] multiples over the long term 20,000 pphpd volume projected during the Airport Line's construction. By 2020, the most congested section of Line 3 reached 150% capacity.[33] Peak period headways have been reduced to every 1 minute 58 seconds and now reaches fleet and signal system capacities.[31] Line 18 and the proposed Line 26 are expected to relieve the congestion of Line 3.

Segment Commencement Length Station(s) Name
Kecun — Guangzhou East 26 December 2005 7.8 km (4.85 mi) 5 (northern section)
Panyu Square — Kecun 30 December 2006 19.6 km (12.18 mi) 7 (southern section)
Tiyu Xilu — Tianhe Coach Terminal 7.5 km (4.66 mi) 5 (spur section)
Airport South — Guangzhou East 30 October 2010 29.3 km (18.21 mi) 10 Northern extension
Gaozeng 28 December 2017 Infill station 1 Line 9 connector
Airport North — Airport South 26 April 2018 1.23 km (0.76 mi) 1 Airport extension

Train service[edit]

There are 4 types of train services offered on the metro line 3:

Stations[edit]

  • N - Northern extension (Airport Branch)
  • M - Main line
  • MN - Thru Services
  • OSI - Out-of-station interchange (only available for IC cards users)
N M MN Station
No. 		Station name Connections Distance
km 		Location
English Chinese
● ● 3 01 Panyu Square 番禺广场  18   22  0.00 0.00 Panyu
● ● 3 02 Shiqiao 市桥 3.86 3.86
● ● 3 03 Hanxi Changlong 汉溪长隆  7  6.27 10.13
● ● 3 04 Dashi 大石 2.44 12.57
● ● 3 05 Xiajiao 厦滘 2.85 15.42
● ● 3 06 Lijiao 沥滘  Guangfo  1.85 17.27 Haizhu
● ● 3 07 Datang 大塘  11  2.57 19.84
● ● 3 08 Kecun 客村  8  2.02 21.86
● ● 3 09 Canton Tower 广州塔  APM  Guangzhou Trams  THZ1 
OSI:  12  (Lingnan Square) 		1.15 23.01
● ● 3 10 Zhujiang New Town 珠江新城  5  1.51 24.52 Tianhe
● ● ● 3 11 Tiyu Xilu 体育西路  1   10  Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit GBRT
OSI:  APM  (Tianhenan)
OSI:  13  (Huacheng Square North) 		1.31 25.83
｜ ● ｜ 3 12 Shipaiqiao 石牌桥 Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit GBRT 1.34 27.17
｜ ● ｜ 3 13 Gangding 岗顶 Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit GBRT 0.85 28.02
｜ ● ｜ 3 14 South China Normal University 华师  11  0.88 28.90
｜ ● ｜ 3 15 Wushan 五山 1.59 30.49
｜ ● ｜ 3 16 Tianhe Coach Terminal 天河客运站  6  2.59 33.08
● ● 3 17 Linhexi 林和西  APM  1.15 34.23 Tianhe
● ● 3 18 Guangzhou East Railway Station 广州东站  1   11   18   GS  Guangzhou East railway station GGQ 1.09 35.32
● ● 3 19 Yantang 燕塘  6  1.07 36.39
● ● 3 20 Meihuayuan 梅花园 1.90 38.29 Baiyun
● ● 3 21 Jingxi Nanfang Hospital 京溪南方医院 1.36 39.65
● ● 3 22 Tonghe 同和 1.39 41.04
● ● 3 23 Yongtai 永泰 3.34 44.38
● ● 3 24 Baiyundadaobei 白云大道北 0.85 45.23
● ● 3 25 Jiahewanggang 嘉禾望岗  2   14  2.25 47.48
● ● 3 26 Longgui 龙归 6.30 53.78
● ● 3 27 Renhe 人和  22  5.37 59.15
● ● 3 28 Gaozeng 高增  9  2.46 61.61
● ● 3 29 Airport South (Terminal 1) 机场南（1号航站楼）  22  Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport CAN 3.81 65.42 Huadu
● ● 3 30 Airport North (Terminal 2) 机场北（2号航站楼）  22  Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport CAN Baiyun Airport North railway station BBA 1.23 66.65

Special short-distance service[edit]

Due to route planning issues, it is difficult for passengers in the middle of the route to board the train. In order to solve this problem, short-distance service trains will be added at certain times. The known service arrangements are as follows:

  • Between Tiyu Xilu and Tonghe: This service is only available during peak hours in the morning on weekdays. The southern end at starting service from September 25, 2018 is Panyu Square, and the southern end changing to Tiyu Xilu Station is from February 24, 2020.
  • Between Airport North (Terminal 2) and Dashi: This service is only available during peak hours in the morning on weekdays.
  • From Tonghe/Longgui/Jiahewanggang/Tianhe Coach Terminal to Dashi: This service is only available during peak hours in the morning on weekdays. Since 2013, it provide services from Tonghe Station to Dashi Station. After providing short-distance service between Panyu Square Station and Tonghe Station in 2018, there will be one train departing from Longgui Station and two trains departing from Jiahe Wanggang Station at about 8:00, and one train departing from Tianhe Coach Terminal Station at about 8:18. After arriving at the terminal station, Dashi Station, some trains will resume normal services, and other trains will end the service and keep stand by.
  • From Dashi/Xiajiao/Kecun to Tianhe Coach Terminal: This service is available in the morning and evening peak hours.
  • From Tiyu Xilu to Panyu Square: This service is available in the morning and evening peak hours.
  • From Tiyu Xilu/Panyu Square to Jiahewanggang: This service is the last trains before the end of the day's operation service. After the train reaches the end, it will end the service and return to the Jiahe Wanggang depot.
  • From Linhexi/Guangzhou East Railway Station to Airport North (Terminal 2): This service is only available during peak hours in the evening on weekdays.

Future expansion[edit]

Eastern extension[edit]

A further extension east of Haibang Station to Hai'ou Island and eventually across the Pearl River to Dongguan was proposed in 2007. In 2017, the Guangzhou Municipal Land Planning Commission approved the planning for Line 3 to be extended to Hai'ou Island.[34] However, the extension eastward beyond Panyu Square station was approved by National Development and Reform Commission to only reach Haibang station as part of Guangzhou's (2015-2025) subway expansion plan in March 2018.[35] It was revealed that the extension to Hai'ou Island is reserved for future planning.[35] The extension is 9.58 km long as will add four new stations and connect Line 3 to Line 4.[36] Construction of this extension started November 19, 2018.[37]

Station
no. 		Station name Connections Distance
km 		Location
English Chinese
3 01-1 Bangjiang 傍江 Panyu
3 01-2 Shiqinan 石碁南
3 01-3 Haichong Lu 海涌路
3 01-4 Haibang 海傍  4 

Line 10[edit]

The Tiyu Xilu-Tianhe Coach Terminal Section is planned to no longer operate as part of Line 3. The Shipaiqiao-Tianhe Coach Terminal Section will be transferred to Line 10, with the remaining Main and Northern sections being combined into one single service.

Rolling stock[edit]

At the time of introduction Line 3 trains were one of the fastest subway trains in China when initially introduced, reaching up to 120 km/h (75 mph) in service.[38] As of 2020 there is currently a fleet of 71 six car trains serving Line 3.[39] To accommodate increased fleet requirements for the eastern extension, an additional 10 six car trainsets have been ordered.[40] In August 2020, plans were announced a further 18 additional trains to be purchased for Line 3 to reduce headways and improve capacity.[41] This will push the fleet serving Line 3 to 99 trainsets.[39]

Type Time of manufacturing Series Sets Assembly Notes
Type B 2005–2007 B1 20 Mcp+T+Mcp=Mcp+T+Mcp Manufactured by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive and Siemens Mobility initially as 40 three car sets but later reformed into 20 six car sets.[38][42]
2009–2011 B2 25 Mc+Tp+M+M+Tp+Mc First batch manufactured by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive[43]
2011–2012 B4 26 Mc+Tp+M+M+Tp+Mc Second batch manufactured by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive
  • Guangzhou Metro B1
    Guangzhou Metro B1
  • Guangzhou Metro B2
    Guangzhou Metro B2
  • Guangzhou Metro B4
    Guangzhou Metro B4

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