List of armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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This is a list of armed groups active in the Democratic Republic of the Congo since the end of Second Congo War in 2003.

Rebel group Subgroups / Affiliates Year Established Leader Notes
AFRC Charles Bokande  †
“Je t’aime”
Alliance of Patriots for a Free and Sovereign Congo (APCLS) 2010 Janvier Karairi
Allied Democratic Forces 1996 Jamil Mukulu (POW) (leader until 2015)
Musa Baluku(leader 2015–2019; commander of pro-ISIL faction from 2019)
"Muzaaya" (commander of Mukulu loyalists from 2019)
Dusman Sabuni †
Amka Jeshi 2020 Kasereka Celestin
APRC Kambale Defao
APR Meso
Chini ya Tuna
CMC/FAPC
National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo (CNPSC) Mai-Mai Yakutumba 2006 William Yakutumba
Mai-Mai Echilo
Mai-Mai Réunion (FPLC) 2017 Réunion wa Rusasa
Mai-Mai Réné 2016 Rene Itongwa
Mai-Mai Ngalyabatu Ngalyabatu Mangala
Biloze Bishambuke 1998 Assani Mbokani
Mai-Mai Mulumba Mulumba Hondwa[1]
Mai-Mai Malaika Sheikh Assani (until 2020)

Kabala (2020–)

Mai-Mai Napata
Forces des patriotes pour la défense du Congo - Mouvement de libération (FDPC-ML) 2016 Kitungano Kibukila alias Ebuela
Kakobanya Nakalambi
Aoci Katumba 		[1]
Groupe JKK / CCCRD 2020 Chimpanzé Hakizimwami
National Council for the Democratic Renewal (CNRD) 2016 Colonel Wilson Irategeka # (2016–2020)[2]
Busumba group
FAP Kasereka Ngesera
Forces de défense du Congo (FDC) Butu Luanda
Charles Mbura (until 2013; split into MAC)
Madragul
FDC–Tumusifu 2016 Tumusifu  † [3]
Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) 2000 Omega
Gaby Ruhinda
FNL Aloys Nzabampema
FNL Nibizi Shuti Baryanka  †

Nibizi

Popular Forces of Burundi (FOREBU/FPB) 2016 Jérémie Ntiranyibagira
Edouard Nshimirimana
FLEC/NG Lwanga
Patriotic Resistance Front of Ituri (FRPI) 2002 Germain Katanga  (POW)
Baudouin Adirodo
Cobra Matata  Surrendered (POW)[4]
Chini Ya Kilima–FPIC
Mai-Mai Kabidon FPP/AP Kasereka Kasyano aka Kabido[1]
Freddy
Groupe Mazout 2017 Sensele aka Mazout
Gumino Nyamusharaba Shaka
Imbonerakure
LD Mahinduzi Prosper Mahinduzi
LD Mbilize
Local Defense Ngengwe Ngengwe
LD Zone Zone
Mai-Mai Alaise 2017 Alaise
Mai-Mai Alida 2020 Alonda Bita aka Alida
Mai-Mai Aochi Aochi
Mai-Mai Apa na Pale 2014 Mundusi/Mundus Munanga Babuyu
Mai-Mai Barcelone 2019 Mumbere Baraka Lolwako
Mai-Mai Bede 2003 – 2015 Bede Rusagara (2003 – 2015)  †[5] Defunct after death of their leader[6]
Mai-Mai Kivuwhe
Mai-Mai Bishake
Mai-Mai Brown Omari Brown
Mai-Mai Buhirwha
Corps du Christ 2016 David Maranatha
Mai-Mai Dario Dario Syaghuswa
Mai-Mai Délégués
Mai-Mai Éléments Katadaye 2020 Katadaye
Mai-Mai Éléments Mutono 2016 Mutono Mukambila
Mai-Mai Fimbo na Fimbo Bitonto
Mai-Mai Ilunga 2018 Ilunga Rusesama [1]
Mai-Mai Issa Mutoka Issa Mutoka
Mai-Mai Karakara 2013 – 2018 Karakara Espoir (2013–April 2018)  †[7]

Brother of Karakara (April 2018)  †[8]

Defunct after death of their leader[6]
Mai-Mai Kashumba 2018 Kashumba Musagara[1]
Mai-Mai Kidjangala/Kijangala Kijangala[1]
Mai-Mai Kifagiyo
Mai-Mai Kifuafua 2002 Delphin Mbaenda
Mai-Mai Kifuafua Baeni-Limenzi Baeni

Limenzi

Mai-Mai Kifuafua Maachano Maachano
Mai-Mai Kifuafua Shalio Shabani Shalio
Mai-Mai Kihebe
Mai-Mai Kilolo
Mai-Mai Kirikicho 1992 Kirikicho Mirimba Mwanamayi
Mai-Mai Kithikyolo 2009 Vital Kithikyolo
Mai-Mai Kombi 2017 Kambale Kombi
Mai-Mai Léopards 2016 Kakule Endaniluhi

Muthundo Mutsuva Kikongo and Fabrice

Mai-Mai Mahoro Mahoro (until 2017)  †
Mai-Mai Makanaki John Simbira Makanaki[1]
Mai-Mai Mandefu 2019 Nzirunga and Aminata
Mazembe 2016 Albert Kasheke

Kitete Bushu (2016–2020)  † [1] Kabido

Mazembe-APASIKO 2019 David Kiboko
Mai-Mai Mazimano Mazimano
Mai-Mai Mbulu Kamale Mbulu[9]
Bigaya
Mahugo
Mai-Mai Muhima Muhima
Mai-Mai Mupekenya Kati Malisawa[1]
Mai-Mai Mushombe 2015 Mushombe Muganguzi
Mai-Mai Mwenyemali Mwenyemali
Mai-Mai Ngolenge Burairi
Mai-Mai Nguru 2005 Nguru
Mai-Mai Ninja Kambale Aziza
Mai-Mai Nyerere Nyerere Bunane[1]
Mai-Mai PRM/PAREM
Mai-Mai Rasta
Mai-Mai Ruma/Zela Mbuma Ruma and Zela Mbuma
Mai-Mai Rushaba 2014
Mai-Mai Shingo Pamba 2020 Matabishi Kakuhi Jackson alias Prof Kitwa
Mai-Mai Shoshi 2019 Jimmy Kidegi
Mai-Mai Simuzizi 2012/4 – 2016 Simuzizi Labani (2012/4 – 2016)  †[10] Defunct after death of their leader[6]
Mai-Mai Kivuwhe
Milice M'vuba
Milice Pakombe Mwami Mbonguma Kitobi (until 2014)
March 23 Movement (M23) 2012 Bertrand Bisimwa (president)
Sultani Makenga (military chief)
Jean-Marie Runiga Lugerero (former president)
MAC, ex-Guides 2013 Mbura
Mai-Mai Jackson MFP 2020 Jackson Muhukambuto (2020–2021)  (POW)[11]
Mai-Mai Kyandenga MNLDK 2016 Kambale Kyandenga (until 2022)  Surrendered
Kambale Matabishi (until 2024)  Surrendered 		Split from UPLC, now allied with ADF
Nduma Defense of Congo Sheka Ntabo Ntaberi (until 2017)  Surrendered
Mandaima (2017–)
Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated/Bwira 2020 Gilbert Bwira
Nduma Defense of Congo-Renovated/Guidon 2015 Guidon Shimiray Mwissa (2015–2021)  Surrendered
Nyatura Nyatura-APRDC Benjamin Ndikuyeze Bigirabagabo
Nyatura Bagaruza Ntuye, alias Tapis Rouge (until 2019)

Kagiri (2019–)

Nyatura Bavuga
Nyatura Bizagwira Bizagwira Muhindi
Nyatura CMC 2014
Nyatura Delta FDDH 2012 Delta Gashamare (2012–2020)  Surrendered

Manga (2020)  †

Nyatura FPDH 2020 Sore

India

Nyatura FPPH Soki  †

Kasongo (until 2016)

Nyatura GAV
Nyatura Jean-Marie Jean-Marie Nzayimana
Nyatura JED Faustin Bavakure
Nyatura Kalume Matias Kalume Kage
Nyatura Kasongo 2011 Kasongo Kalamo
Nyatura Kavumbi (until 2019) Surrendered[12]
Nyatura Mahanga Rafiki Mahanga
Nyatura Mudogo
Nyatura Musheku
Nyatura Nduhuye
Nyatura Turarambiwe (Rutshuru) “Col.” Niyonzima (formerly)
Mamba Baziyaka
Bosse Mbarushimana
Mai-Mai Uhuru OAPB Commander Kasereka Muhasa Uhuru
PERCI 2007
PERCI John Majimbo
PERCI Kaomba 2017 Mukalay Yumba aka Kaomba
PERCI Mpululu Chief Mukimbo (until 2020)  †
Mpululu Katalushi (2020–)
PERCI Nyumbaisha Luhala (until 2013)  †
Nyumbaisha Mukalay (2013–)
Pisteurs 2015
Raia Mutomboki RM 100 kg 100 kg
RM Akilo Akilo
RM Bipopa Bipopa (aka Chipopa)
RM Blaise Blaise
RM Bozi Bozi
RM Bralima Bralima Kelele (–2021)  Surrendered[13]
RM Butachibera Butachibera Mwindja
Weteshi Kabanzi
RM Charles Quint 2014 Charles Quint
RM Dembi Dembi
Raia Mutomboki Donat aka FPP Major Donat Kengwa Omari
Major Ngandu Lundimu (–2020) Surrendered[14]
Raia Mutomboki Elenge 2012 or 2013 Heritier Elenge Mupenge
RM Habikuangaliye Habikuangaliye
RM Hamakombo Bwaare Hamakombo
RM Imani Bitaa Imani Bitaa
RM Jean Musumbu Jean Musumbu
RM Kabazimia Kabazimia
RM Kabé Kabé
RM Kadaradara Kadaradara
RM Kampanga Kampanga
RM Kasosoli Kasosoli
RM Kazimoto 2018 Kazimoto (2018)  †[15]
RM Kikwama Kikwama
RM Kimba Kimba
Raia Mutomboki Kisekelwa Kisekelwa
RM Kokodikoko Kokodikoko (–2019)  (POW)[16]
RM Lance Lance
RM LeFort LeFort
RM Lukoba Lukoba
RM Mabala 2012 Mabala Wemba Mese (2012–2020)  †
Justin Mabala (2020–2022)  Surrendered[17]
RM Mabuli Mabuli Mwanadamu (–2021)  Surrendered[18]
RM Machite Machite
RM Maheshe 2013 Kashi Maheshe (2013–2020)  Surrendered[19]
RM Makindu Makindu
Raia Mutomboki Mamba Mamba
Raia Mutomboki Manyilisa Manyilisa
Raia Mutomboki Mirage Mirage Bitunya (–2020)  Surrendered[20]
RM Mungoro Mungoro Matafali[21]
RM Musolwa Musolwa (–2021) Surrendered[22]
RM Ndarumanga Munyololo Mbao aka Ndarumanga (2012–2021)  (POW)[23]
RM Ndusha Ndusha
RM Ngongo Lutete Ngongo Lutete
RM Omela 2018 Omela (2018–2021)  (POW) #[24]
RM Puchi Puchi
Raia Mutomboki Safari Safari (–2019) Surrendered[12]
RM Safari Ngorongo Safari Ngorongo (–2019) Surrendered[25]
RM Shabani Shabani
Raia Mutomboki Shebitembe Shebitembe
Raia Mutomboki Shemakingi Shemakingi
RM Shukuru 2013 Shukuru Kawaya (2013–2019) Surrendered[26]
RM Soleil Soleil
RM Vunja Vikwazo Vunja Vikwazo (–2019)  Surrendered[27]
RM Walike Walike
RM Wemba Kikukala Wemba (2018)  †[28]
RUD-Urunana 2007 Jean-Damascène Ndibabaje, aka Musare (2007–2016)  †
Juvenal Musabyimana aka Jean-Michel Africa (2016–2019)  †
Cyprien Leo Mpiranya aka Kagoma (2019–2020)  †[29]
Emmanuel Rugema (2020)  †[30]
Cassien Nshimiyimana aka Gavana (2020–2022)  †[31]
Nsengiyunva Emmanuel aka Faida Hakimu (2020–)[32] 		Split from FDLR
RNL 2016
RED-Tabara 2015 Kisiga Ndagizimana Gervé[1]
Rwanda National Congress (RNC) Kayumba Nyamwasa
Mai-Mai Simba Mai-Mai Simba FDS Mando Mazeri
Mai-Mai Simba UPLD General Michigan
Luc Yabili (2007–2022) #[33]
Mai-Mai Simba (Manu) Paul Sadala (aka ‘Morgan’) (until 2014)  †
Manu (2014–2019)  †[34]
Mai-Mai Simba Mangalibi Mangalibi Mangalibi
Twigwaneho 2000
Twigwaneho Makanika 2020[35] Michel Rukundo Makanika
Union des patriotes pour la libération du Congo (UPLC) 2016 Katembo Kilalo
Mambari Bini Pélé (alias Saperita)
UPCP 2008 Kakule Sikuli Lafontaine (2008–2015)
Muhambalyaki (2015–2017)  (POW)[36][37]
UPDC Kapasi Birikoriko Mingenya (until 2020)  Surrendered[38]
Kapasi
CODECO Justin Ngudjolo (until 2020)  †
CODECO–ALC 2020 Justin Gbesi aka “Le Petit Loup de la Montagne”
CODECO–BTD 2020
CODECO-ARDPC 2020
CODECO-FDBC 2020
CODECO-URDPC 2020 Songa Mbele (2020–2022)  Surrendered[39]

Désiré Londroma Bassa Zukpa

Zaïre-FPAC 2020 Zawadi Vajeru[40] Anti-CODECO

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Letter dated 10 June 2021 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council
  2. ^ THE FLN COMMANDER, LT GEN WILSON IRATEGEKA IS DEAD, 19 January 2020
  3. ^ Nord-Kivu: retour au calme après affrontements des Maï-Maï à Nyamaboko, 3 December 2016
  4. ^ "The Congo's Feared 'Cobra' Warlord Plans to Surrender — Again". Vice News. November 12, 2014. Retrieved July 18, 2016.
  5. ^ DR Congo’s Mai Mai militia leader dies, 31 August 2015
  6. ^ a b c Sécurité : Les groupes armés encore actifs au sud-kivu
  7. ^ Sud-Kivu : le Combattant Maï-Maï Karakara Espoir tué dans la nuit du 09 au 10 avril à Kajege, 11 April 2018
  8. ^ Uvira : deux morts lors des affrontements entre militaires et miliciens, 24 April 2018
  9. ^ Letter dated 6 June 2019 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council
  10. ^ RDC: un chef milicien abattu à Uvira, 26 July 2016
  11. ^ Congo detains alleged ivory trafficker blamed for killings of park rangers -statement, 10 June 2021
  12. ^ a b Is the era of armed groups over?, 29 April 2019
  13. ^ L’ex-chef milicien de Raia Mutomboki, Bralima Kelele, s’est rendu à la Force de la MONUSCO hier dans le village de Luhago
  14. ^ Sud-Kivu : 58 miliciens Maï-Maï Raïa Mutomboki se rendent à l’armé, 12 March 2020
  15. ^ Sud-Kivu : mort de Kazimoto, chef d’une faction des Raïa Mutomboki, 19 August 2018
  16. ^ SHINING VERDICT IN THE KOKODIKOKO CASE (DRC), 19 November 2019
  17. ^ 38 Rebels From Different Armed Groups Surrender In DR Congo, 18 May 2022
  18. ^ RDC: 8 localités récupérées en Ituri par l’Armée et une trentaine de combattants Raia Mutomboki contraints à la reddition au Sud-Kivu, 22 May 2021
  19. ^ The Raia Mutomboki chief Maheshe surrendered in Chishadu (Walungu territory, South Kivu) on 20 May with 120 men
  20. ^ Note sécuritaire de mardi à vendredi 31 juillet 2020, 7 August 2020
  21. ^ RECRUTEMENT DES MILICIENS EN PÉRIODE PRÉ-ÉLECTORALE : LE CAS DES RAÏA MUTOMBOKI À BUNYAKIRI, 13 April 2016
  22. ^ Shabunda : le Chef milicien Musolwa se rend aux FARDC, 7 August 2021
  23. ^ DRC: CONVICTION FOR FORCED PREGNANCY AND OTHER CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY FOR WARLORD NDARUMANGA, 23 August 2023
  24. ^ Sud-Kivu : le Raïa Mutomboki « Omela » est décédé dans la prison d’Uvira, 4 December 2021
  25. ^ Thirteen Raiya Mutomboki fighters and their leader, self-proclaimed colonel Safari Ngorongo from Chaminunu village, in Kalehe territory, surrendered on March 26, 2019 with 6 weapons (AK-47) and 95 ammunition to MONUSCO
  26. ^ Sud-Kivu : Le chef des Raia Mutomboki Shukuru s’est rendu à l’armée, 2 October 2019
  27. ^ Shabunda: le chef milicien «Vunja Vikwazo» quitte la forêt pour permettre le développement de son territoire, 16 April 2019
  28. ^ Sud-Kivu : le chef d’état-major du groupe Raïa Mutomoki tué dans les affrontements avec les FARDC à Shabunda, 23 April 2018
  29. ^ RUD-Urunana militia leader Cyprien Mpiranya ‘killed’, 31 August 2020
  30. ^ Rud-Urunana Militia Leader Col. Rugema Bumped Off, 23 October 2020
  31. ^ Rwanda: Senior RUD Militia Commander Killed in DR Congo, 17 December 2022
  32. ^ Breaking News: I Katanga mu birindiro bikuru bya RUD Urunana hateraniye inama nkuru y’igisirikare, 21 July 2022
  33. ^ Tshopo: Après le décès d’un leader Mai-mai, l’Administrateur de Bafwasende veut restaurer l’État à Opienge, 29 September 2022
  34. ^ DR Congo army kills Mai-Mai Simba militia chief in Ituri operation, 22 January 2019
  35. ^ DR Congo Army Says 18 Militiamen Killed, 5 January 2022
  36. ^ Congo's Entrepreneur Warlord, 29 January 2021
  37. ^ Lubero : le seigneur de guerre Mai-Mai Ghislain Muhambalyaki capturé, 12 June 2017
  38. ^ Nord- Kivu: Faute d’encadrement, deux groupes armés menacent de retourner en brousse
  39. ^ Songa Mbele, un leader milice, renonce aux armes à Bunia, 19 July 2022
  40. ^ RDC-Ituri: Le groupe Zaïre/FPAC se transforme de plus en plus en un groupe armé organisé, avec un réseau de trafic d’armes en provenance d’Ouganda, 3 January 2023

Sources[edit]

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