List of cities conquered by the Ottoman Empire

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The list of major cities conquered by the Ottoman Empire is below. Since it is impossible to include all cities, only the most populous cities, capitals and the cities with strategical or historical importance are shown.

Cities[edit]

This following list, the first column shows the year of the conquest.[dn 1] Some of the cities (like Tabriz, Yerevan or Belgrad) had been conquered more than once. In this case, only the first conquest has been shown. The second column shows the name of the city (where necessary, the Ottoman Turkish name and/or the contemporary Turkish name has also been given in parathesis), the third column shows the holder before conquest and the fourth column shows the present country. In the fifth column links to the article in this encyclopedia for the details of the conquest (where applicable).[1][2][3]

Year Name Holder before the Conquest Present country Battle/Siege Statute
1326 Prusa (Bursa) Byzantine Empire Turkey Siege of Bursa
1331 Nicaea (İznik) Byzantine Empire Turkey Siege of Nicaea
1338 Nicomedia (İzmit) Byzantine Empire Turkey
1352 Callipolis (Gelibolu) Byzantine Empire Turkey
1356 Ankara Ahis (Ankara ahileri) Turkey
1361 Adrianopol (Edirne) Byzantine Empire Turkey
1364 Plovdiv (Filibe) Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria Capture of Plovdid
1364 Stara Zagora (Eski Zagra) Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria Capture of Stara Zagora
1365 Niš Serbian Empire Serbia
1382 Sofia Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria Siege of Sofia
1388 Ruse (Rusçuk) Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria
1389 Varna Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria
1393 Veliko Tarnovo (Tırnova) Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria Siege of Tarnovo
1395 Nikopol (Niğbolu) Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria
1395 Ohrid (Ohri) Gropa Lordship North Macedonia
1395 Krujë (Akçahisar) (First occupation) Princedom of Albania Albania
1396 Sati Zaharia Lordship of Sati Albania Vassal
1396 Silistra (Silistre) Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria
1396 Vidin Bulgarian Empire Bulgaria
1417 Vlorë (Avlonya) Principality of Valona Albania
1419 Constanța (Köstence) Bulgarian Empire Romania
1426 Smyrna (İzmir) Aydinids Turkey
1430 Thessaloniki (Selânik) Republic of Venice Greece Siege of Thessalonica
1431[citation needed] Ioannina (Yânya) Despotate of Epirus Greece
1450 Berat (Arnavut Belgradı, Berat) Lordship of Berat/ League of Lezhë Albania
1453 Constantinople (Konstantiniye, Istanbul) Byzantine Empire Turkey Fall of Constantinople
1458 Athens (Atina) Duchy of Athens Greece
1459[citation needed] Pristina (Priştine) Serbian Despotate Kosovo[dn 2]
1460 Bitola (Monastir, Manastır) Bulgarian Empire North Macedonia
1460 Skopje (Üsküp) Bulgarian Empire North Macedonia
1461 Trebizond (Trabzon) Empire of Trebizond Turkey Siege of Trebizond
1461 Sarajevo
(Saray-ı Bosna, Saraybosna) Founded by Ottomans
Bosnia and Herzegovina
1461 Jajce
(Royal Seat of the Bosnian King)[dn 3]
Bosnian Kingdom Bosnia and Herzegovina
1466 Iconium (Konya) Karamanids Turkey
1468 Mostar Bosnian Kingdom Bosnia and Herzegovina
1470 Chalcis (Euboea-Eğriboz island) Greece
1474 Podgorica (Podgoriçe) Montenegro
1475 Bakhchisaray (Bahçesaray) Crimean Khanate Ukraine Vassal
1475 Feodosiya (Kefe) Republic of Genoa Ukraine
1475 Sudak Republic of Genoa Ukraine
1475 Azov (Azak) Russia
1478 Lezhë Republic of Venice Albania Siege of Shkodra
1479 Shkodër (İşkodra) Republic of Venice Albania Siege of Shkodra
1480 Otranto Principality of Taranto Italy Invasion of Otranto Brief acquisition
1484 Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (Akkerman) Ukraine
1514 Arz-i Rûm (Erzurum) Turkey
1514 Tabriz (Tebriz) Iran
1514 Ardabil (Erdebil) Iran
1515 Van Turkey
1515 Kara Amid (Diyâr-i Bekr, Diyarbakır) Turkey
1515 Urmiah (Ürmiye) Iran
1516 Antiochia (Antakya) Turkey
1516 Aleppo (Halep) Syria
1516 Damascus (Trablus-i Şâm, Şam) Syria
1516 Beirut Lebanon
1516 Amman Jordan
1516 Jerusalem (Kudüs) Palestine
1516 Jaffa (Yafa) Palestine
1517 Cairo (Kâhire) Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) Egypt
1517 Damietta (Dumyat) Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) Egypt
1517 Mecca (Mekke) Saudi Arabia
1517 Jeddah (Cidde) Saudi Arabia
1521 Belgrade Kingdom of Hungary Serbia
1522 Rhodes (Rodos) Knights Hospitaller Greece Siege of Rhodes
1526 Tvrđa Croatia
1529 Algiers (Cezayir) Algeria Capture of Algiers
1529 Odesa (Hacibey) Ukraine
1531 Diu India Siege of Diu Brief acquisition
1534 Tunis (Tunus) Tunisia Conquest of Tunis
1534 Baghdad (Bağdat) Safavid Empire Iraq Capture of Baghdad
1537 Klis (Clissa, Kilis) Croatia Siege of Klis
1538 Basra Iraq
1538 Aden Yemen Capture of Aden
1538 San'a Yemen
1538 Bender Moldova
1538 Chişinău (Knişev) Moldova
1539 Herceg Novi (Yeni Hersek) Montenegro Siege of Castelnuovo
1541 Buda Hungary Siege of Buda
1543 Esztergom (Estergon) Hungary Siege of Esztergom
1547 Van Turkey Siege of Van
1551 Gozo Malta Invasion of Gozo Brief acquisition
1551 Tripoli (Trablus-i Gârb, Trablusgarp) Libya Siege of Tripoli
1552 Muscat Oman
1552 Touggourt Algeria Marching overland to Sahara
1552 Timișoara Romania
1555 Béjaïa Algeria Capture of Bougie
1557 Massawa Eritrea
1566 Szigetvár (Zigetvar) Hungary Siege of Szigetvár
1567 Zabid Yemen
1571 Ulcinj (Ulqin/Dulcigno) Republic of Venice Montenegro
1571 Nicosia (Lefkoşa) Cyprus
1578 Akhaltsikhe (Ahıska) Georgia
1578 Yerevan Armenia
1578 Benghazi Libya
1578 Tbilisi (Tiflis) Georgia
1578 Ganja (Gence) Azerbaijan
1578 Baku (Bakü) Azerbaijan
1584 Lori Armenia
1587 Hamadan (Hamedan) Iran
1590 Derbent Russia (Dagestan)
1594 Győr (Yanık) Hungary
1596 Eger Holy Roman Empire Hungary
1600 Nagykanizsa (Kanije) Hungary Siege of Kanije
1645 Chania (Hanya) Greece
1660 Oradea (Varat) Romania
1663 Nové Zámky (Uyvar) Slovakia
1669 Heraklion (Kandiye) Greece Siege of Candia
1672 Kamianets-Podilskyi (Kamaniçe) Ukraine
1678 Chyhyryn (Çehrin) Ukraine
1683 Perchtoldsdorf Austria Battle of Vienna Brief acquisition
1713 Khotyn (Hotin) Ukraine Conquest
1852 Doha Qatar Vassal
1869 Manama Bahrain Vassal

See also[edit]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ^ Not all cities were conquered by military force. Some were included within Ottoman realm voluntarily.
  2. ^ Disputed territory
  3. ^ Fall of the Kingdom of Bosnia

References[edit]

  1. ^ Faik Reşit Unat: Tarih Atlası, Kanaat yayınları, İstanbul, 1991, p.29 (in Turkish)
  2. ^ Prof. Dr. Yaşar Yücel-Prof. Dr. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi, AAKTDYK yayınları, İstanbul, 1991,[page needed] (in Turkish)
  3. ^ Lord Kinross :Osmanlı İmparatorluğun Yükselişi ve Çöküşü (The Ottoman centuries, Trans.Meral Gaspıralı) Altın Kitaplar, İstanbul, 2008, ISBN 978-975-21-0955-1,[page needed] (in Turkish)