Macrocytosis

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Macrocytosis
Classification and external resources
ICD-10	D75.8
ICD-9	289.89
DiseasesDB	7688
eMedicine	med/1381

Macrocytosis is the enlargement of red blood cells with near-constant hemoglobin concentration, and is defined by a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) of greater than 100 femtolitres (the precise criterion varies between laboratories).

[edit] Causes

Most commonly (especially when the increase in size is mild, and just above normal range) the etiology is bone marrow dysplasia primary to alcohol abuse and Chronic alcoholism. Other causes may include:

• Megaloblastosis (Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency; or DNA synthesis-inhibiting drugs)
• hypothyroidism
• reticulocytosis (commonly from hemolysis or a recent history of blood loss).
• liver disease
• myeloproliferative disease

[edit] Complications

No complications arise from macrocytosis itself and a prognosis will be determined from its etiology.

[edit] See also

• Macrocytic anemia

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v • d • e Pathology: hematology · hematologic diseases of RBCs and megakaryocytes / MEP (D50-69,74, 280-287) Red blood cells ↑ Polycythemia Polycythemia vera ↓ Anemia Nutritional Micro-: Iron deficiency anemia (Plummer-Vinson syndrome) Macro-: Megaloblastic anemia (Pernicious anemia) Hemolytic (mostly Normo-) Hereditary enzymopathy: G6PD · glycolysis (PK, TI, HK) hemoglobinopathy: Thalassemia (alpha, beta, delta)  · Sickle-cell disease/trait · HPFH membrane: Hereditary spherocytosis (Minkowski-Chauffard syndrome) · Hereditary elliptocytosis (Ovalocytosis) · Hereditary stomatocytosis Acquired Autoimmune (WAHA, CAD, PCH) membrane (PNH) MAHA · TM (HUS) Drug-induced autoimmune · Drug-induced nonautoimmune Hemolytic disease of the newborn Aplastic (mostly Normo-) Hereditary: Fanconi anemia · Diamond-Blackfan anemia Acquired: PRCA · Sideroblastic anemia · Myelophthisic Blood tests MCV (Normocytic, Microcytic, Macrocytic) · MCHC (Normochromic, Hypochromic) Other Methemoglobinemia · Sulfhemoglobinemia · Reticulocytopenia Coagulation/ coagulopathy/ bleeding diathesis ↑ Thrombocytosis Essential thrombocytosis Hypercoagulability primary: Antithrombin III deficiency · Protein C deficiency/Activated protein C resistance/Protein S deficiency/Factor V Leiden · Hyperprothrombinemia acquired: DIC (Congenital afibrinogenemia, Purpura fulminans) · autoimmune (Antiphospholipid) ↓ Thrombocytopenia and purpura Nonthrombocytopenic purpura: Henoch-Schönlein purpura Thrombocytopenic purpura: ITP (Evans syndrome) · TM (TTP) Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia · May-Hegglin anomaly Platelet function adhesion (Bernard-Soulier syndrome) · aggregation (Glanzmann's thrombasthenia) · platelet storage pool deficiency (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, Gray platelet syndrome) Clotting factor Hemophilia (A/VIII, B/IX, C/XI) • Von Willebrand disease • Hypoprothrombinemia/II · XIII myeloid navs: cells/physio, disease of RBCs+megakaryocytes/monocytes+granulocytes/neoplasia, symptoms+signs/eponymous ↑ means increased, ↓ means decreased

v • d • e Abnormal clinical and laboratory findings for blood tests (R70-R79, 790) Red blood cells Size Macrocyte · Microcyte · Anisocytosis Shape (Poikilocyte) membrane abnormalities: Acanthocyte · Codocyte · Ovalocyte · Spherocyte trauma: Dacrocyte · Schistocyte Inclusion bodies developmental organelles (Howell-Jolly body, Basophilic stippling, Pappenheimer bodies, Cabot rings) abnormal hemoglobin precipitation (Heinz body) Other Rouleaux · Reticulocyte · Elevated ESR Lymphocytes Smudge cell · Downey cell Small molecules blood sugar: Abnormal glucose tolerance test · Hyperglycemia · Impaired glucose tolerance · Prediabetes nitrogenous: Azotemia · Hyperuricemia · Hypouricemia Proteins Elevated transaminases · Elevated alkaline phosphatase · Elevated cardiac markers · Elevated alpha-fetoprotein · Hypoproteinemia (Hypoalbuminemia) Minerals Iron overload disorder Pathogens/sepsis Bacteremia · Viremia · Fungemia · Parasitemia · Algaemia see also blood tests