Multilingual User Interface

Multilingual User Interface (MUI) enables the localization of the user interface of an application.

MUI is provided by Microsoft as an integrated feature of its operating system Windows 11 down to Windows 2000 with some limitations in older versions.

MUI is used for localizing flagship Microsoft products Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Office and as an open technology can be used in any application that runs in a version of Windows that supports MUI.

The core feature of MUI is the user-defined, system settings for preferred language that can be used/shared by all applications on a computer. The next most core feature is system functions (i.e. LoadString) that use this preference to load user interface assets at runtime from resources in the user's preferred language. To be MUI-enabled, an application need only store user interface assets as language-specific resources and use LoadStrIng to load them at runtime.

MUI also supports storing user interface assets as separate, single-language files which provides for development and deployment flexibility. This feature is optional. The resources can be stored in the application binary.

MUI also provides system functions that allow for custom and extended localization behavior.

Overview[edit]

The MUI technology^[1] is integrated into the Windows OS and can be leveraged in an application by storing localizable assets as resources in a prescribed way and using MUI-enabled win32 functions to read the resources.

A relatively simple implementation of MUI in an application stores the strings of each language in a string-table resource of the binary file and uses the win32 function LoadString to load strings at runtime. No other MUI related configuration or code is required. The following optional capabilities of MUI can be implemented if desired:

Store the resources of each language in a separate DLL in order to enable deployment/installation flexibility
An application can use dedicated MUI functions to provide more control of localizable asset consumption such as using a language other than the system-defined user preference
Localizable assets can be stored in a format other than resource

The design of MUI attempts to provide a common way to store application localization information that alleviates limitations of more traditional and monolithic designs for localization such as including all languages in the application logic files (i.e. resources). With MUI, the following deployment scenarios are possible:

Add support for a language by installing only languages files -- without modifying application logic or other language files
Add new features and fix bugs by installing only application logic files -- without modifying the installed language files

Terminology[edit]

The following MUI related terms are either used in or derived from the Microsoft documentation.

Language-neutral (LN): Describes something that conveys a meaning regardless of the languages of the viewer, such as an image without text or other localizable aspects

LN resource: a resource that is shared by and installed for all language versions of the application

LN file: Windows binary containing the application logic and language-neutral resources

Language-specific (LS): Describes something that has significantly different meaning based on the languages of the viewer. The most common LS items are interface strings but can be other items such as an image with text in it

LS resource file: A set of resources localized for one language; a.k.a. MUI file

Language Preferences[edit]

A language selection is stored by the system for the system (shared by all users and maybe used as default for a new user) and for each user. These selections can be modified by the user via the system Control Panel but cannot be modified by an application.

These preferences control the language that the OS uses for UI elements. Applications can also use these preferences, and via MUI-enabled system functions (such as LoadString) the use is automatic and transparent (requires no MUI-specific code to use). But use of these preferences is optional and customizable. An application can be designed to ignore the language preferences. Or it may use them in ways other than that provided by MUI-enabled system functions.

An application can use MUI functions^[2] to read language preferences -- that default to the user selection [assumed] and are a list of languages in preference order. These preferences are provided at the system, user, process and thread levels [assumed that changing at a higher level modifies the preferences for lower levels].

An application can modify these language preference lists (via SetThreadPreferredUILanguages and other functions) in order to influence the behavior of MUI. For example:

std::string languageIdSpec = "en-US";
languageIdSpec.push_back('\0'); // must be double-null terminated
ULONG langCount = 1;
if (!::SetThreadPreferredUILanguages(MUI_LANGUAGE_NAME, languageIdSpec.c_str(), &langCount))
    throw std::runtime_error("Unable to set thread preferred UI language.");

Resource Storage[edit]

MUI provides support for localized resources stored in Windows binary (a.k.a. Win32 PE) files (DLL, EXE, SYS) -- usually DLL files.

The resources for a language can either be stored in the application binary or in a MUI (a.k.a. LS) file -- one per language. For MUI to find resources, a MUI file must be in the same directory as its associated LN file and be named the same as the LN file plus ".LCID.mui". For example, for LN file my-lib.dll, the MUI file for en-US would be named my-lib.dll.0409.mui.

String resources are coded as string table like so:

LANGUAGE LANG_ENGLISH, SUBLANG_NEUTRAL
STRINGTABLE
BEGIN
1 L"message text"
END

Resource Retrieval[edit]

Several win32 functions that read application resources are MUI-enabled, including LoadString, FormatMessage, and LoadImage.^[3]

Each function attempts to read a resource for a language as selected by global language preferences, from application resources or associated MUI files (co-located with LN file and following naming convention). Each uses the global language preferences to choose a language that is available. If loading the resource for the first preferred language fails either because the MUI file does not exist or the resource does not exist in the MUI file, the function will try the next preferred language and so on until all preferences have been tried. If load fails for all preferred languages, then tries the LN file.

The most commonly used function is LoadString which loads strings from a string-table resource. Example using LoadString:

wchar_t* resourceCharArray;
int resourceLength = ::LoadStringW(_moduleHandle, resourceId, (LPWSTR)&resourceCharArray, 0);
if (!resourceLength)
    throw std::runtime_error("Unable to find resource.");
std::wstring text;
text.append(resourceCharArray, resourceLength);

This retrieves the address of the resource text character buffer which is not guaranteed to be null terminated. Then, this copies the characters to a std::string and its c_str() method is guaranteed to be null terminated. Therefore, there is no need to append a null. Another option is to have LoadString copy the string to a passed buffer, but that requires using a fixed-length buffer which has downsides like usually allocating more than needed or truncation if too short.

Oddly, MS documentation for LoadString does not mention its interaction with MUI -- use of language preference.

FormatMessage is also MUI-enabled. Its function reference page describes its interaction with the user's language preference when parameter dwLanguageId is passed as 0. But FormatMessage reads from a message table, not a string table and as Raymond Chen says, "nobody actually uses message tables".^[4]

Non-Resource Storage and Retrieval[edit]

MS documentation recommends storing UI assets as resources since MUI fully supports retrieving from this storage, but it notes that MUI supports any other file format, such as XML, JSON or flat text file.^[5] This implies that using the resource retrieval aspect of MUI is not required for an application to be MUI-enabled. An application can use its own, custom UI asset retrieval logic.

To be MUI-enabled, the application must use the system language preferences. The custom UI asset retrieval logic might optionally use the MUI function GetFileMUIPath to leverage the MUI file location and naming conventions.

Other Aspects[edit]

The MS MUI documentation describes the following concepts, but it is unclear how they relate to MUI and what value they offer:

Resource Configuration File^[6]
Registry String Redirection^[7]

Implementing[edit]

Basic tasks to support/implement MUI:

Use LoadString in the application code to read resources; it uses user preference, system settings to read resources that are in the language that is most preferred by the user based on availability
Author resource source code (RC) for each language; recommended to store each language in a separate RC file

Upon completing the basic tasks, an application is MUI-enabled. But there are other features of MUI that an application can optionally take advantage of.

The basic tasks imply storing all languages in the resources of the application binary -- which means it is not language neutral. This structure provides all runtime localization benefits of MUI and simple, single-file deployment but does not allow for deployment flexibility that MUI provides. In order to take advantage of the deployment flexibility:

Configure the application binary project to exclude all LS resources -- making it the LN file
Configure project(s) to build each language to a resource DLL; named the same as the LN file + "LCID.mui" -- MUI files
Deploy/install MUI files in same directory as the LN file

To store localized assets in formats other than resource, the application must implement a mechanism for reading assets at runtime based on the language preference system settings (see GetThreadUILanguage). In other words, the application loads UI assets based on the system language preference settings without using LoadString. The application might leverage the MUI file-per-language location and naming convention by using GetFileMUIPath.

Advantages over Localized Version[edit]

The MUI technology was developed in response and as an improvement to localized versions -- an older technology for globalizing and deploying software packages. This section describes the differences and advantages of MUI over localized versions.

Windows localized via a MUI pack achieves the same goal as a localized version, but there are key differences. While both display menus and dialogs in the targeted language, only a localized version uses translated file and folder names. [what does this mean? some special folders are localizable (Documents, Downloads, ...) but a user created file/folder is not localizable (by the OS). Doesn't a language pack localize the special folder names? What else could it do?]

A localized version of Windows translates the base operating system, as well as all included programs [what programs?], including file and folder names [so it does localize file/folder names. this contradicts above], objects names [what's an object?], strings in registry [really? what strings?], and any other internal strings used by Windows into a particular language. Localized versions of Windows support upgrading from a previous localized version and user interface resources are completely localized, which is not the case for MUI versions of a product. [what is not the case for MUI?]

A MUI version does not contain translated administrative functions such as registry entries [registry entries are functions?] and items in Microsoft Management Console.

One advantage of a MUI version is that each user of a computer can use a different language.^[8] For a localized version of the OS, this is not possible. It may be possible for localized applications but requires installing multiple versions; one for each language, and this may lead to application storage space and side-by-side installation issues. With MUI, the single version supports multiple languages, and the OS and applications use the user's preferred language. Further, the same OS can host an application that uses any of the application's supported languages which may be different than the OS selected language and even a language that's not supported by the OS.

History[edit]

MUI was introduced with Windows 2000 and is supported in each subsequent Windows release.

Windows 2000 and Windows XP[edit]

MUI products for these versions were available only through volume agreements from Microsoft. They were not available through retail channels. However, some OEMs distributed the product.^{[citation needed]}

Languages in Windows XP[edit]

Up to Windows XP, MUI packs for a product are applied on top of an English version to provide a localized user experience. There are a total of 5 sets of MUI packs.

Set 1[edit]

Deutsch - German
Français - French
한국어 - Korean
中文 (简体) - Chinese (Simplified)
中文 (繁體) - Chinese (Traditional)
日本語 - Japanese

Set 2[edit]

Español - Spanish
Italiano - Italian
Nederlands - Dutch
Português (Brasil) - Portuguese (Brazil)
Svenska - Swedish
עברית - Hebrew
العربية - Arabic

Set 3[edit]

Čeština - Czech
Dansk - Danish
Norsk bokmål - Norwegian Bokmål
Suomi - Finnish
Русский - Russian

Set 4[edit]

Magyar - Hungarian
Polski - Polish
Português (Portugal) - Portuguese (Portugal)
Türkçe - Turkish
Ελληνικά - Greek

Set 5[edit]

Eesti - Estonian
Hrvatski - Croatian
Latviešu - Latvian
Lietuvių - Lithuanian
Română - Romanian
Slovenčina - Slovak
Slovenščina - Slovenian
Български - Bulgarian
ไทย - Thai

Windows Vista[edit]

Windows Vista enhanced MUI technology to separate the English resources from the application logic binary files. The application logic files are now language-neutral a.k.a. language-independent. In other words, the application logic files are no longer English-centric. This separation allows for changing languages completely without changing the core binaries of Windows, and to have multiple languages installed using the same application logic binaries. Languages are applied as language packs containing the resources required to localize part of or the entire user interface in Windows Vista.

MUI packs are available to Windows Vista Enterprise users and as an Ultimate Extras to Windows Vista Ultimate users.

Beginning with Windows Vista, the set of associated MUI APIs are also made available to developers for application development. [This allows anyone to use the MUI technology?]

At launch, the following 16 language packs were released:

Dansk - Danish
Deutsch - German
English - English
Español - Spanish
Français - French
Italiano - Italian
Nederlands - Dutch
Norsk bokmål - Norwegian Bokmål
Português (Brasil) - Portuguese (Brazil)
Suomi - Finnish
Svenska - Swedish
Русский - Russian
한국어 - Korean
中文 (简体) - Chinese (Simplified)
中文 (繁體) - Chinese (Traditional)
日本語 - Japanese

On October 23, 2007, the remaining 19 language packs were released:

Čeština - Czech
Eesti - Estonian
Hrvatski - Croatian
Latviešu - Latvian
Lietuvių - Lithuanian
Magyar - Hungarian
Polski - Polish
Português (Portugal) - Portuguese (Portugal)
Română - Romanian
Slovenčina - Slovak
Slovenščina - Slovenian
Srpski - Serbian (Latin)
Türkçe - Turkish
Ελληνικά - Greek
Български - Bulgarian
Українська - Ukrainian
עברית - Hebrew
العربية - Arabic
ไทย - Thai

Windows 7[edit]

MUI is available to Windows 7 Enterprise and Ultimate edition users, as well as Windows Phone 7.

Beginning with Windows 7, Microsoft started referring to a "MUI pack" as a "Language Pack"; not to be confused with a Language Interface Pack (LIP).^[9]

List of languages in Windows 7 (PC)[edit]

At launch, the following 15 language packs were released^[10] (Chinese (Hong Kong) is not available on mobile):

Deutsch - German
English (United Kingdom) - English (United Kingdom)
English (United States) - English (United States)
Español - Spanish
Français - French
Italiano - Italian
Nederlands - Dutch
Polski - Polish
Português (Brasil) - Portuguese (Brazil)
Русский - Russian
한국어 - Korean
中文 (简体) - Chinese (Simplified)
中文 (繁體) - Chinese (Traditional)
中文 (香港) - Chinese (Hong Kong)
日本語 - Japanese

On October 31, 2009, the remaining 22 language packs were released (Estonian, Croatian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Serbian, Bulgarian, Hebrew, Arabic, and Thai are not available on mobile):

Čeština - Czech
Dansk - Danish
Eesti - Estonian
Hrvatski - Croatian
Latviešu - Latvian
Lietuvių - Lithuanian
Magyar - Hungarian
Norsk bokmål - Norwegian Bokmål
Português (Portugal) - Portuguese (Portugal)
Română - Romanian
Slovenčina - Slovak
Slovenščina - Slovenian
Srpski - Serbian (Latin)
Suomi - Finnish
Svenska - Swedish
Türkçe - Turkish
Ελληνικά - Greek
Български - Bulgarian
Українська - Ukrainian
עברית - Hebrew
العربية - Arabic
ไทย - Thai

List of languages in Windows Phone 7[edit]

At launch, only six languages were supported.

Deutsch - German
English (United Kingdom) - English (United Kingdom)
English (United States) - English (United States)
Español - Spanish
Français - French
Italiano - Italian

With the launch of Windows Phone 7.5 on September 27, 2011, twenty more languages are added (Turkish and Ukrainian are not supported as display languages until Windows Phone 8).^[11] The first LIPs for Windows Phone 7 were Indonesian and Malay with the Tango update.^[12]

Bahasa Indonesia - Indonesian
Bahasa Melayu - Malay
Čeština - Czech
Dansk - Danish
Magyar - Hungarian
Nederlands - Dutch
Norsk bokmål - Norwegian Bokmål
Polski - Polish
Português (Brasil) - Portuguese (Brazil)
Português (Portugal) - Portuguese (Portugal)
Suomi - Finnish
Svenska - Swedish
Türkçe - Turkish
Ελληνικά - Greek
Русский - Russian
Українська - Ukrainian
한국어 - Korean
中文 (简体) - Chinese (Simplified)
中文 (繁體) - Chinese (Traditional)
日本語 - Japanese

Windows 8/8.1/RT[edit]

Beginning with Windows 8/RT, most editions of Windows are able to download and install all Language Packs,^[13] with a few exceptions:

In Single Language editions of Windows, only one language pack is allowed to be installed, ^[14] the same behavior as editions of Windows 7 and earlier that are not Enterprise or Ultimate.
In OEM editions of Windows, the exact language packs that are preinstalled/available for download depend on the device manufacturer and country/region of purchase (and the mobile operator for devices with cellular connectivity). This is a mixture of a local-market feature and a feature for everyone everywhere. There may be multiple display languages preinstalled on the device by the manufacturer and/or wireless carrier, but each manufacturer and/or wireless carrier installs two different sets of languages: one set of preloaded languages and one set of languages that can be installed by the end user. This rule is currently used in Windows Phones as of Windows Phone 7^[15] and PCs as of Windows 8 (since Windows 8 and Windows Phone 8 share the same Windows NT kernel) and was later dropped in Windows 10 version 1803, but was later quietly reinstated as of Windows 10 version 1809. An end user could install a retail license on top of an OEM license by performing a clean install through the Media Creation Tool to circumvent the region locking and install any display language that they want.
- The Windows update process does not affect the currently installed display languages in any way, but it may give the end user access to newly released language packs made available by the OEM (PCs only). However, when installing a new feature update, it may change the display language back to the one set during the initial setup process. For example, if the Samsung ATIV Smart PC on AT&T is upgraded from Windows 8.1 to Windows 10 Anniversary Update (not necessarily done in one go), it will now be able to install Portuguese (Brazil), Vietnamese, Chinese (Simplified and Traditional), and Japanese in addition to English, Spanish, French, German, Italian, and Korean (the last three languages can be downloaded by the end user at the time of its launch), just like with the Galaxy S8 series and the Verizon-based Galaxy Book.
- On the other hand, a Samsung Galaxy Book device does not support Afrikaans as a display language, because Samsung apps do not officially support Afrikaans.^[16] Furthermore, cellular variants of the Galaxy Book laptops sold in North America support fewer display languages than their Wi-Fi-only counterparts, just like on their smartphones.
- Certain language packs like English (Australia) and English (Canada) are only supported on the Xbox consoles and the Surface Duo.
- Some LIP packs require certain MUI packs (base languages) to be present or compatible.^[17] If that base language is not present or compatible, then that LIP cannot be installed on that device.

Windows 10[edit]

Beginning with Windows 10 version 1803, Microsoft started using the term "Local Experience Pack" (LXP) in some places [store?] instead of the older term "Language Pack", but they work the same way.^[18] In addition to installing via Windows Settings, these 110 LXPs are also available through the Microsoft Store (app and web); the latter enabling remote installation for consumer editions of Windows.^[19] As with all applications from the Microsoft Store, only the LXPs that are compatible with that Windows device are shown in the Microsoft Store app.

An LXP is updated through the Microsoft Store; outside of the normal Windows update cycle.^[20]

Supported languages[edit]

Supported languages by OS version is as follows:

PC[edit]

MUI Language Packs by Windows version
Language	English name	2000	XP	Vista	7.0	7.1	8.0	8.1	10	11
العربية	Arabic	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Български	Bulgarian	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Català	Catalan (Spain)	No	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	Yes
Čeština	Czech	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Dansk	Danish	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Deutsch	German	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Ελληνικά	Greek	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
English (United Kingdom)	English (United Kingdom)	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
English (United States)	English (United States)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Español (España)	Spanish (Spain)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Español (México)	Spanish (Mexico)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Eesti	Estonian	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Euskara	Basque	No	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	Yes
Suomi	Finnish	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Français (Canada)	French (Canada)	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Français (France)	French (France)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Galego	Galician	No	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	Yes
עברית	Hebrew	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Hrvatski	Croatian	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Magyar	Hungarian	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Indonesia	Indonesian	No	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	Yes
Italiano	Italian	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
日本語	Japanese	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
한국어	Korean	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Lietuvių	Lithuanian	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Latviešu	Latvian	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Norsk bokmål	Norwegian Bokmål	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Nederlands	Dutch	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Polski	Polish	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Português (Brasil)	Portuguese (Brazil)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Português (Portugal)	Portuguese (Portugal)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Română	Romanian	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Русский	Russian	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Slovenčina	Slovak	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Slovenščina	Slovenian	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Srpski	Serbian (Latin)	No	LIP	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Svenska	Swedish	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
ไทย	Thai	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Türkçe	Turkish	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Українська	Ukrainian	No	LIP	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Tiếng Việt	Vietnamese	No	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	LIP	Yes
中文 (简体)	Chinese (Simplified)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
中文 (香港特別行政區)	Chinese (Hong Kong)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
中文 (繁體)	Chinese (Traditional)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Language Interface Packs by Windows version
Language	English name	Base language required	XP	Vista	7.0	7.1	8.0	8.1	10	11
Afrikaans	Afrikaans	English	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
አማርኛ	Amharic	English			Yes	Yes
অসমীয়া	Assamese	English			Yes	Yes
Azərbaycan	Azerbaijani	English	Yes		Yes	Yes
Беларуская	Belarusian	Russian		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
বাংলা (বাংলাদেশ)	Bangla (Bangladesh)	English			Yes	Yes
বাংলা (ভারত)	Bangla (India)	English	Yes		Yes	Yes
Босански	Bosnian (Cyrillic)	Russian			Yes	Yes
Bosanski	Bosnian (Latin)	English	Yes		Yes	Yes
Català	Catalan (Spain)	English	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	MUI
Valencià	Catalan (Spain, Valencian)	Spanish
ᏣᎳᎩ	Cherokee	English
Cymraeg	Welsh	English	Yes		Yes	Yes
Euskara	Basque	Spanish	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	MUI
فارسى	Persian (Iran)	English	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Filipino	Filipino	English			Yes	Yes
Gaeilge	Irish	English	Yes			Yes
Gàidhlig	Scottish Gaelic	English
Galego	Galician	Spanish	Yes			Yes				MUI
ગુજરાતી	Gujarati	English	Yes			Yes
Hausa	Hausa	English				Yes
हिन्दी	Hindi	English	Yes			Yes			Yes
Հայերեն	Armenian	English	Yes			Yes
Indonesia	Indonesian	English	Yes			Yes				MUI
Igbo	Igbo	English				Yes
Íslenska	Icelandic	English	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ	Inuktitut	English	Yes			Yes
ქართული	Georgian	English	Yes			Yes
Қазақ тілі	Kazakh	English	Yes			Yes
ខ្មែរ	Khmer	English				Yes
ಕನ್ನಡ	Kannada	English	Yes			Yes
कोंकणी	Konkani	English	Yes			Yes
کوردیی ناوەڕاست	Central Kurdish	English
Кыргызча	Kyrgyz	Russian				Yes
Lëtzebuergesch	Luxembourgish	French	Yes			Yes
ລາວ	Lao	???
Te reo Māori	Maori	English	Yes			Yes
Македонски	Macedonian	English	Yes			Yes
മലയാളം	Malayalam	English	Yes			Yes
Монгол	Mongolian	English
मराठी	Marathi	English	Yes			Yes
Melayu (Brunei)	Malay (Brunei)	English				Yes
Melayu (Malaysia)	Malay (Malaysia)	English	Yes			Yes
Malti	Maltese	English	Yes			Yes
नेपाली	Nepali	English	Yes			Yes
Norsk nynorsk	Norwegian Nynorsk	Norwegian Bokmål	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Sesotho sa Leboa	Southern Sotho	English				Yes
ଓଡ଼ିଆ	Odia	English				Yes
پنجابی	Punjabi (Arabic, Pakistan)	English
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ	Punjabi (Gurmukhi, India)	English	Yes			Yes
درى	Persian (Afghanistan)	English			Yes	Yes
K'iche'	K'iche'	Spanish
Runasimi	Quechua	Spanish	Yes			Yes
Kinyarwanda	Kinyarwanda	English
سنڌي	Sindhi	English
සිංහල	Sinhala	English
Shqip	Albanian	English	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Српски (Босна и Херцеговина)	Serbian (Bosnia & Herzegovina)	English
Српски (Србија)	Serbian (Serbia)	Serbian (Latin)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Kiswahili	Swahili	English	Yes			Yes
தமிழ்	Tamil	English	Yes			Yes
తెలుగు	Telugu	English	Yes			Yes
Тоҷикӣ	Tajik	Russian
ትግር	Tigrinya	English
Türkmen dili	Turkmen	Russian
Setswana	Tswana	English	Yes
Татар	Tatar	Russian	Yes			Yes
ئۇيغۇرچە	Uyghur	Chinese (Simplified)
اُردو	Urdu	English	Yes			Yes
O‘zbek	Uzbek	English
Tiếng Việt	Vietnamese	English	Yes			Yes				MUI
Wolof	Wolof	French
IsiXhosa	Xhosa	English				Yes
Èdè Yorùbá	Yoruba	English
IsiZulu	Zulu	English				Yes

Mobile[edit]

The multilingual user interface for Windows Phones did not appear until version 7.0.

Language packs for the new Windows Phone platform
Language	English name	7.0	7.5	7.7	7.8	8.0	8.0.2	8.1	8.1.2	10
Afrikaans	Afrikaans	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
አማርኛ	Amharic	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
العربية	Arabic	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Azərbaycan	Azerbaijani	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Беларуская	Belarusian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Български	Bulgarian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
বাংলা	Bangla	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Català	Catalan	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Čeština	Czech	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Dansk	Danish	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Deutsch	German	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Ελληνικά	Greek	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
English (United Kingdom)	English (United Kingdom)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
English (United States)	English (United States)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Español (España)	Spanish (Spain)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Español (México)	Spanish (Mexico)	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Eesti	Estonian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Euskara	Basque	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
فارسى	Persian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Suomi	Finnish	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Filipino	Filipino	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Français (Canada)	French (Canada)	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Français (France)	French (France)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Galego	Galician	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Hausa	Hausa	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
עברית	Hebrew	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
हिन्दी	Hindi	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Hrvatski	Croatian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Magyar	Hungarian	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Indonesia	Indonesian	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Íslenska	Icelandic	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
Italiano	Italian	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
日本語	Japanese	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Қазақ тілі	Kazakh	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
ខ្មែរ	Khmer	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
ಕನ್ನಡ	Kannada	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
한국어	Korean	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
ລາວ	Lao	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
Lietuvių	Lithuanian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Latviešu	Latvian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Македонски	Macedonian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
മലയാളം	Malayalam	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
Melayu	Malay	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Norsk bokmål	Norwegian Bokmål	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Nederlands	Dutch	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Polski	Polish	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Português (Brasil)	Portuguese (Brazil)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Português (Portugal)	Portuguese (Portugal)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Română	Romanian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Русский	Russian	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Slovenčina	Slovak	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Slovenščina	Slovenian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Shqip	Albanian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Srpski	Serbian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Svenska	Swedish	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Kiswahili	Swahili	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes
தமிழ்	Tamil	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
తెలుగు	Telugu	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes
ไทย	Thai	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Türkçe	Turkish	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Українська	Ukrainian	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
O‘zbek	Uzbek	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Tiếng Việt	Vietnamese	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
中文 (简体)	Chinese (Simplified)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
中文 (香港特別行政區)	Chinese (Hong Kong)	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
中文 (繁體)	Chinese (Traditional)	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes

Patent[edit]

The MUI technology is covered by an international patent titled "Multilingual User Interface for an Operating System".^[21] The inventors are Bjorn C. Rettig, Edward S. Miller, Gregory Wilson, and Shan Xu.

References[edit]

^ Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Multilingual User Interface - Win32 apps". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
^ Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Multilingual User Interface Functions - Win32 apps". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
^ Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Loading Language Resources - Win32 apps". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
^ Chen, Raymond (2008-02-29). "Why can't I get FormatMessage to load my resource string?". The Old New Thing. Retrieved 2022-07-08.
^ Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Supporting System Language Settings - Win32 apps". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-07-09.
^ Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Preparing a Resource Configuration File - Win32 apps". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
^ Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Using Registry String Redirection - Win32 apps". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-07-10.
^ "About Multilingual User Interface". Microsoft. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
^ "How To Install Language Packs In Windows 7". The Windows Club. Archived from the original on 1 August 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
^ Team, My Digital Life Editorial (2009-07-12). "Windows 7 RTM GA Launch and MSDN/TechNet Release Schedule Roadmap « My Digital Life". My Digital Life. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
^ Blog, Windows Experience; McConnell, John (2011-07-06). "Windows Phone around the world: Language support in Mango". Windows Experience Blog. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
^ Blog, Windows Experience; Myerson, Terry (2012-02-27). "Windows Phone at Mobile World Congress 2012". Windows Experience Blog. Retrieved 2023-11-22.
^ "Language packs are available for Windows 8 and Windows RT". Microsoft. Retrieved 29 April 2016.
^ "Check whether your version of Windows supports multiple languages". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-01-10.
^ Blog, Windows Experience (2011-07-06). "Windows Phone around the world: Language support in Mango". Windows Experience Blog. Retrieved 2022-01-10.
^ "Get Samsung Notes". Microsoft Store. Retrieved 2022-01-10.
^ "Language packs for Windows". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-01-11.
^ "Local Experience Packs: What are they and when should you use them?". TECHCOMMUNITY.MICROSOFT.COM. 2018-11-14. Retrieved 2022-01-10.
^ "Local Experience Packs". Microsoft Store. Retrieved 2022-01-10.
^ "Local Experience Packs". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-01-11.
^ US patent 6252589, "Multilingual user interface for an operating system", published 2003-05-14

[1] Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Multilingual User Interface - Win32 apps". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-07-10.

[2] Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Multilingual User Interface Functions - Win32 apps". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-07-10.

[3] Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Loading Language Resources - Win32 apps". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-07-10.

[4] Chen, Raymond (2008-02-29). "Why can't I get FormatMessage to load my resource string?". The Old New Thing. Retrieved 2022-07-08.

[5] Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Supporting System Language Settings - Win32 apps". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-07-09.

[6] Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Preparing a Resource Configuration File - Win32 apps". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-07-10.

[7] Karl-Bridge-Microsoft. "Using Registry String Redirection - Win32 apps". docs.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-07-10.

[8] "About Multilingual User Interface". Microsoft. Retrieved 22 June 2022.

[9] "How To Install Language Packs In Windows 7". The Windows Club. Archived from the original on 1 August 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2016.

[10] Team, My Digital Life Editorial (2009-07-12). "Windows 7 RTM GA Launch and MSDN/TechNet Release Schedule Roadmap « My Digital Life". My Digital Life. Retrieved 2023-07-26.

[11] Blog, Windows Experience; McConnell, John (2011-07-06). "Windows Phone around the world: Language support in Mango". Windows Experience Blog. Retrieved 2023-11-22.

[12] Blog, Windows Experience; Myerson, Terry (2012-02-27). "Windows Phone at Mobile World Congress 2012". Windows Experience Blog. Retrieved 2023-11-22.

[13] "Language packs are available for Windows 8 and Windows RT". Microsoft. Retrieved 29 April 2016.

[14] "Check whether your version of Windows supports multiple languages". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-01-10.

[15] Blog, Windows Experience (2011-07-06). "Windows Phone around the world: Language support in Mango". Windows Experience Blog. Retrieved 2022-01-10.

[16] "Get Samsung Notes". Microsoft Store. Retrieved 2022-01-10.

[17] "Language packs for Windows". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-01-11.

[18] "Local Experience Packs: What are they and when should you use them?". TECHCOMMUNITY.MICROSOFT.COM. 2018-11-14. Retrieved 2022-01-10.

[19] "Local Experience Packs". Microsoft Store. Retrieved 2022-01-10.

[20] "Local Experience Packs". support.microsoft.com. Retrieved 2022-01-11.

[21] US patent 6252589, "Multilingual user interface for an operating system", published 2003-05-14

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v t e Microsoft APIs and frameworks
Graphics	Desktop Window Manager Direct2D Direct3D D3D (extensions) GDI / GDI+ WPF Silverlight WinUI Windows Color System Windows Image Acquisition Windows Imaging Component DirectX Graphics Infrastructure (DXGI) Windows Advanced Rasterization Platform WinG
Audio	DirectMusic DirectSound DirectX plugin XACT Speech API XAudio2
Multimedia	DirectX Media Objects Video Acceleration Xinput DirectInput DirectShow Image Mastering API Managed DirectX Media Foundation XNA Windows Media Video for Windows
Web	MSHTML RSS Platform JScript VBScript BHO XDR SideBar Gadgets TypeScript
Data access	Data Access Components (MDAC) ADO ADO.NET ODBC OLE DB Extensible Storage Engine Entity Framework Sync Framework Access Database Engine MSXML OPC
Networking	Winsock LSP Winsock Kernel Filtering Platform NDIS Windows Rally BITS P2P API MSMQ MS MPI DirectPlay
Communication	Messaging API Telephony API WCF
Administration and management	Win32 console Windows Script Host WMI (extensions) PowerShell Task Scheduler Offline Files Shadow Copy Windows Installer Error Reporting Event Log Common Log File System
Component model	COM COM+ ActiveX Distributed Component Object Model .NET Framework
Libraries	Framework Class Library Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) Active Template Library (ATL) Windows Template Library (WTL)
Device drivers	WDM WDF KMDF UMDF WDDM NDIS UAA BDA VxD
Security	Crypto API CAPICOM Windows CardSpace Data Protection API Security Support Provider Interface (SSPI)
.NET	ASP.NET ADO.NET Remoting Silverlight TPL WCF WCS WPF WF
Software factories	EFx Factory Enterprise Library Composite UI CCF CSF
IPC	MSRPC Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) Remoting WCF
Accessibility	Active Accessibility UI Automation
Text and multilingual support	DirectWrite Text Services Framework Text Object Model Input method editor Language Interface Pack Multilingual User Interface Uniscribe