Najib Razak

Page semi-protected
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Najib Tun Razak)

Najib Razak
نجيب رزاق
Official portrait, 2009
6th Prime Minister of Malaysia
In office
3 April 2009 – 9 May 2018
Monarchs
Deputy
Preceded byAbdullah Ahmad Badawi
Succeeded byMahathir Mohamad
7th President of the United Malays National Organisation
(ex officio: Chairman of Barisan Nasional)
In office
26 March 2009 – 12 May 2018
Deputy
  • Muhyiddin Yassin
  • Ahmad Zahid Hamidi
Preceded byAbdullah Ahmad Badawi
Succeeded byAhmad Zahid Hamidi
9th Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
In office
7 January 2004 – 3 April 2009
Prime MinisterAbdullah Ahmad Badawi
Preceded byAbdullah Ahmad Badawi
Succeeded byMuhyiddin Yassin
12th Menteri Besar of Pahang
In office
4 May 1982 – 14 August 1986
MonarchAhmad Shah
DeputyAbdul Rashid Abdul Rahman
Preceded byAbdul Rashid Abdul Rahman
Succeeded byMohd Khalil Yaakob
Ministerial portfolios
1978–1979Deputy Minister of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts
1979–1981Deputy Minister of Education
1981–1982Deputy Minister of Finance
1986–1987Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports
1987–1990Minister of Youth and Sports
1990–1995Minister of Defence
1995–1999Minister of Education
1999–2008Minister of Defence
2008–2018Minister of Finance
2012–2013Acting Minister of Women, Family and Community Development
Parliamentary offices
Member of the Malaysian Parliament
for Pekan
In office
6 October 1986 – 6 September 2022[1]
Preceded byMohamed Amin Daud
Succeeded bySh Mohmed Puzi Sh Ali
In office
21 February 1976 – 14 June 1982
Preceded byAbdul Razak Hussein
Succeeded byMohamed Amin Daud
Member of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly
for Bandar Pekan
In office
1982–1986
Preceded byShamsiah Abdul Hamid
Succeeded byConstituency abolished
Personal details
Born
Mohammad Najib bin Abdul Razak

(1953-07-23) 23 July 1953 (age 70)
Kuala Lipis, Pahang, Federation of Malaya
Political partyUnited Malays National Organisation (UMNO) (since 1976)
Other political
affiliations
Spouses
  • Puteri Zainah Eskandar
    (m. 1976; div. 1987)
  • (m. 1987)
Children5 (including Nazifuddin and Nizar)
Parents
RelativesHishammuddin Hussein (cousin)
Riza Aziz (stepson)
Education
Alma materUniversity of Nottingham (BSc)[2]
Signature
Najib Razak
Faction represented in Dewan Rakyat
1976–1982Barisan Nasional
1986–2022Barisan Nasional
Faction represented in Pahang State Legislative Assembly
1982–1986Barisan Nasional

Mohammad Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak (Jawi: محمد نجيب بن عبد الرزاق, Malay pronunciation: [muhammad nadʒɪb]; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the sixth Prime Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018. In 2020, he was convicted of corruption in the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal,[3] one of the largest money-laundering and embezzlement scandals in history.[4][5] He is the son of former prime minister Abdul Razak Hussein. Najib Razak was the chairman of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition from April 2009 to May 2018 and the president of the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) from November 2008 to May 2018,[6][7][8] which had maintained control of Malaysia's government with a parliamentary majority for more than sixty years until the coalition's defeat in the 2018 general election.

Najib was elected to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1976, at the age of 23, replacing his deceased father in the Pahang-based seat of Pekan. In the same year, he was appointed the head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became a member of the youth wing's Executive Council. In the early years of his political career, Najib took on a deputy minister role in 1976, and between 1982 and 1986, he was the Menteri Besar of Pahang. Thereafter, until 2009, he was rotated throughout the Cabinet of Malaysia, taking on various ministerial portfolios in defence, education, culture, youth and sports, and finally finance. Between 1993 and 2009, Najib was a vice-president of UMNO.[9]

Najib's tenure as prime minister, between 2009 and 2018, was marked by economic liberalisation measures, such as cuts to government subsidies, loosening of restrictions on foreign investment, and reductions in preferential measures for ethnic Malays in business. After the 2013 election, his government pursued a number of its critics on sedition charges, the imprisonment of opposition leader Anwar Ibrahim following a conviction for sodomy and the implementation of a Goods and Services Tax (GST). He also led the country through the Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 disaster and a dispute with North Korea following the assassination of Kim Jong-nam. In 2015, Najib became implicated in a major corruption scandal involving state investment firm 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) which led to rallies calling for his resignation, spearheaded by the grassroots movement Bersih.[10][11][12] These protests culminated in the Malaysian Citizens' Declaration by Mahathir Mohamad, Pakatan Harapan and NGOs which sought to oust Najib.[13][14]

Najib's response to the corruption accusations was to tighten his grip on power by replacing then-deputy prime minister Muhyiddin Yassin, suspending two newspapers and pushing through parliament a controversial National Security Council Bill that provides the prime minister with unprecedented powers.[15][16] Najib's various subsidy cuts have contributed to soaring living costs,[17] while fluctuating oil prices and the fallout from the 1MDB scandal led to a depreciation of the Malaysian currency.[18][19] These ended with BN's loss in the 2018 general elections, the results of which Najib then accepted and promised to help facilitate a smooth transition of power.[20]

On 3 July 2018, Najib was arrested by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), which investigated how RM42 million (US$10.6 million) went from SRC International, a company related to 1MDB, into Najib's bank account.[21] In the process, the police seized a number of fashion accessories worth $273 million while searching through his properties.[22] Najib was subsequently charged and convicted by the High Court on abuse of power, money laundering and criminal breach of trust, becoming the first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption,[23][24] and was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment and fined RM210 million.[25][26] The sentence was upheld by the Federal Court on 23 August 2022.[27] He is currently serving his sentence in Kajang Prison.[28]

Early life and education

Najib was born on 23 July 1953 at the Pahang State Secretary official residence in Bukit Bius,[29] Kuala Lipis, Pahang. Najib is the eldest of second Malaysian Prime Minister Abdul Razak's six sons, and the nephew of the third PM Hussein Onn. His younger brother, Dato' Seri Mohd Nazir Abdul Razak,[30] runs the country's second-largest lender, Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings Bhd.[31] Najib is also one of the Four Noblemen of the Pahang Darul Makmur (Royal Court) by virtue of his inherited title as the Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar. He received his primary and secondary education at St. John's Institution, Kuala Lumpur. He later attended Malvern College[32] in Worcestershire, England, and subsequently went to the University of Nottingham, where he received a bachelor's degree in industrial economics in 1974. Najib Razak returned to Malaysia in 1974 and entered the business world, serving briefly in Bank Negara Malaysia and later with Petronas (Malaysia's national oil company) as a public affairs manager.[33]

Early political career

The eldest son of Malaysian Prime Minister, Abdul Razak Hussein, was elected to the Parliament of Malaysia in 1976 replacing his deceased father in the Pahang-based seat of Pekan. The national outpouring of grief following Tun Razak's death and the respect for his father helped Najib win election unopposed as Member of Parliament at the very young age of 23.[34] In 1986 Najib won re-election to the same seat.[34][35]

From 1982 to 1986 he was the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang, before holding various cabinet posts throughout the remainder of the 1980s and 1990s, including Defence and Education. In 2004 he became Deputy Prime Minister under Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, and replaced him 2009. Under his leadership, Barisan Nasional won the 2013 elections, although for the first time in Malaysia's history the opposition won the majority of the popular vote.[citation needed]

Najib was first assigned into the Cabinet of Malaysia at the age of 25 when he was appointed Deputy Minister of Energy, Telecommunications and Post in 1978, becoming the youngest deputy minister in the country.[36] He served as the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang between 1982 and 1986, becoming the youngest Menteri Besar in the state to enter office when he was sworn in at the age of 29.[37] In 1986 he was appointed as Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports in the Cabinet of Mahathir Mohamad. He focused on improving Malaysian sports and introduced the National Sports Policy in 1988. In 1989 Malaysia achieved its best-ever performance at the South East Asia (SEA) Games, held in Kuala Lumpur.[38]

Najib at an UMNO General Assembly

Najib was appointed head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became a member of UMNO Youth's Executive Council (Exco) in 1976. In 1981, he was selected as a member of UMNO's Supreme Council, before winning the post of Vice-President of UMNO Youth in 1982.[39][40]

On 26 October 1987, the then leader of the opposition, Lim Kit Siang, called for the Anti-Corruption Agency to investigate how Najib, who was then Pahang MB, could give approval for a logging concession of 2000 acres to a resident of a low-cost housing estate. He asked ACA to investigate whether the logging concessionnaire was in fact a nominee for Najib himself.[41]

In 1987, Najib was selected as the acting head of the Movement of UMNO Youth by Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim after Anwar was asked to contest the post of UMNO Vice-President. Following mounting ethnic tensions anti-Chinese sentiments were expressed at a UMNO Youth rally held in Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur the same year where Najib spoke. Rising tensions soon lead to fears of ethnic violence and eventually resulted in a security operation known as Operasi Lalang, that included numerous administrative detentions.[42]

Following the complete reorganisation and founding of the "New" UMNO by Mahathir Mohamad in the aftermath of the 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis, Najib was appointed president of UMNO Youth in 1988.[43]

By 1993, Najib was elected as one of six vice-presidents of UMNO in response to Anwar's decision to contest as the deputy president of UMNO. Najib continued to defend his post in party elections held in 1993, 1996, and 2004.[9]

Senior Ministerial career

Minister for Defence (1991–1995)

In 1991, Mahathir appointed Najib as Minister of Defence. Under Najib's direction, Malaysian troops were deployed to assist the UN peacekeeping forces in Bosnia in 1993 during the Bosnian War.[44] Malaysian forces were greeted warmly by Bosnians as well as Serbs and Croats.[45] Malaysia also assisted peacekeeping operations in Somalia in 1993, losing one soldier in an effort to aid US soldiers during the Battle of Mogadishu. Najib later criticised the UN's Somalia operation as putting too much emphasis on military action.[46] Since then Malaysia has stated a preference for participating in Chapter 6 "peace enforcement" missions, rather than Chapter 7 "peacekeeping" missions.[47] After four years at the Ministry of Defence, Najib assumed control of the Education Ministry in 1995. He returned to the Ministry of Defence in 2000.[48]

Japanese raped Malay comfort women but UMNO leader Najib Razak blocked all attempts by other UMNO members like Mustapha Yakub at asking Japan for compensation and apologies.[49][50][51][52]

Minister for Education (1995–2000)

Najib, pictured in May 2002.

In 1995, Najib left the Defence Ministry for the first time when he was appointed Minister of Education. His challenge was to respond to Malaysia's newly proclaimed aspiration to become a fully developed nation by 2020. The 1996 Private Higher Education Institutions Act, allowed foreign universities to establish degree-conferring schools in Malaysia, providing greater educational opportunities for Malaysians and positioning Malaysia as a regional learning hub.[53]

During the 1999 general elections Najib suffered a major setback when he barely won re-election to the Parliament by a margin of 241 votes, compared to a margin of over 10,000 in the previous election. This is a surprise to political observers.[34]

Return as Minister for Defence (2000–2008)

During his second tenure as Minister of Defence Najib coordinated Malaysia's relief efforts following the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, and provided support to Indonesia in arresting those responsible for the 2005 Bali bombings.[54] Najib also oversaw the deployment of Malaysian troops as a part of a UN peacekeeping force in 2006, when Malaysia volunteered to help stabilise Lebanon following the 2006 Lebanon War.[48]

As Defence Minister, Najib instituted compulsory military service in December 2003, stating that it would encourage interaction and friendship between youth of different ethnic groups and religions.[55] During its first five years of operation, over 339,000 Malaysian youth participated in the PLKN (the Bahasa Malaysian acronym for "Malaysian National Service"),[56] which is intended to promote tolerance, teamwork, and community engagement. The programme, however, has faced challenges. Safety issues in the program have been reported and several people died during or shortly after their terms of service during the program's first few years.[57] In response, Najib strengthened the PLKN's health screening requirements and reinforced the government's commitment to punish negligent PLKN officials.[58]

The Altantuyaa affair

French courts investigated allegations of corruption in the purchases of two Scorpène-class submarines, by the Malaysian Ministry of Defence in 2002, at a time when Najib was the minister of defence. The allegations are that Abdul Razak Baginda, an aide of Najib, received "commission" payments from the French submarine builder DCNS.[59] Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, a Mongolian woman hired as a French translator to facilitate the purchase of the submarines and mistress to Baginda, tried to blackmail Baginda for a $500,000 cut and was subsequently murdered. 2 policemen, who were bodyguards posted to Najib, were charged and found guilty.[60][61][62] Reviewing the Altantuyaa case, Tommy Thomas, Attorney General of Malaysia from 2018 to 2020, wrote that the evidence "implicated not only Najib Razak as the person who gave [one of the bodyguards] the order to kill, but also his aide-de-camp, Musa Safri".[63]

Deputy Prime Minister (2004–2009)

In 2004, Mahathir retired and was replaced by his deputy, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi. Najib became Deputy Prime Minister and was given a broad portfolio of responsibilities, including oversight of FELDA, the Human Rights Commission (SUHAKAM), and the Election Commission (EC). Najib also chaired more than 28 cabinet committees.[64] He remained as Minister for Defence.

In September 2008, Najib became the Minister for Finance, handing the Defence portfolio to Badawi.[65] During the global financial crisis, Malaysia faced a strong recession and reduced levels of trade throughout the South Asian region. In response, Najib announced a series of stimulus packages to be implemented over a two-year period with the intention of acting as a countercyclical response that might otherwise protect Malaysia's economy. He also pressed for the country to move beyond existing manufacturing capabilities through education, research and development to develop greater strength as a provider of sophisticated business services.[66]

Becoming Prime Minister

After a poor showing by the ruling UMNO coalition in the elections of 8 March 2008 in which opposition parties gained control of five of thirteen Malaysian state governments, Badawi identified Najib as his intended successor. On 8 October 2008, Prime Minister Badawi announced he would step down in March 2009, paving the way for Najib to succeed him. However he said the onus was on Najib to win party elections set for March before he could take over.[67] Najib ran for the presidency of UMNO and went on to win on 2 November 2008, without contest.[7]

On 26 March 2009, Najib won the UMNO presidency unopposed. He was sworn in as Prime Minister of Malaysia on 3 April 2009[68] In 2012, Najib also assumed the role of women, family and community development minister, a position he held until the 2013 election.[69]

Prime Minister (2009–2018)

During his tenure as Prime Minister, Najib implemented various economic and infrastructure development programs, including the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) initiative. However, his leadership was marred by allegations of corruption and misappropriation of funds related to the 1MDB scandal, which led to his political downfall. In this scandal, it was alleged that billions of dollars were siphoned off from the 1MDB state investment fund, which Najib was closely associated with, into his personal accounts and those of his associates. These funds were purportedly used for various personal expenses, including luxury real estate, artwork, and even financing the production of Hollywood films.

Najib consistently denied any wrongdoing and claimed that the funds in his personal accounts were donations from a Saudi royal family member, which he said were used for political purposes and not for personal gain. However, investigations by various authorities in multiple countries, including the United States and Switzerland, uncovered evidence suggesting a different story.

In 2018, Najib's political career faced a significant setback when his party, Barisan Nasional, lost the general elections to the Pakatan Harapan coalition. Subsequently, he faced legal charges related to the 1MDB scandal.

Domestic policy

1Malaysia

1Malaysia is an ongoing campaign announced by Najib on 16 September 2008, calling for the cabinet, government agencies, and civil servants to emphasise ethnic harmony, national unity, and efficient governance.[70] The eight values of 1Malaysia as articulated by Najib are perseverance, a culture of excellence, acceptance, loyalty, education, humility, integrity, and meritocracy.[71] While the concept aimed to promote national unity and inclusiveness, some critics argued that it was primarily a political slogan and that it did not lead to significant policy changes to address the underlying issues of ethnic and cultural diversity in the country.

On 17 September 2008, Najib launched 1Malaysia.com.my[72] in an effort to communicate with the citizens of Malaysia more efficiently and support the broader 1Malaysia campaign. He has used the site to highlight his policy initiatives and to provide a forum for Malaysians to their government. The 1Malaysia campaign makes extensive use of social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter.[73][74] Research has suggested that Najib and UMNO have made extensive efforts to establish a favourable online presence through the recruitment and support of bloggers and other social media users, sometimes known as 'cybertroopers.'[75]

However, Najib has been criticised for an apparent deterioration of race relations in Malaysia during his tenure that has occurred despite the 1Malaysia programme. In 2014, the long-serving former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad withdrew his support for Najib citing, among other things, the abandonment by Chinese voters of the Barisan Nasional coalition.[76] Najib's tenure has also been marked by increasingly aggressive racial rhetoric from elements within Najib's UMNO party, particularly towards Chinese Malaysians.[77] Additionally, there[who?] were concerns that the government's efforts to promote 1Malaysia were seen by some as a way to consolidate power and influence.

So, while the 1Malaysia concept was intended to promote unity and inclusiveness, it did face controversy and criticism from various quarters during Najib Razak's tenure as Prime Minister.

BR1M Project

The first BR1M Project was a scheme devised by Najib Razak to help poor Malaysians. The amount of RM 500.00 Ringgit Malaysia was given to households with an income of less than RM 3,000 a month.[78]

Najib and his wife Rosmah waving flags during the Malaysia Day celebration in Kuala Lumpur, 16 September 2011

The second BR1M Project, also known as BR1M 2.0, with more than 2.5 billion ringgit will be distributed to Malaysians nationwide. This will affect 5.7 million household all over the country. In addition to the RM 500.00 for household, the government has also allocated RM 250.00 to single individuals. Those who have received RM 500.00 from the first BR1M project need not apply as it will be automatically processed.[79]

BR1M 4.0, which was announced in 2014, saw an increase in handouts from RM 650 to RM 950 for individuals earning less than RM 2,000.00, while households earning less than RM 4,000 will receive RM 750.[80][81][82][83][84]

Housing Programme

Perumahan Rakyat 1Malaysia (PR1MA) Berhad was established under the PR1MA Act 2012 to plan, develop, construct and maintain affordable lifestyle housing for middle-income households in key urban centres. Middle-income is defined as a monthly household (husband and wife) income of between RM 2,500 and RM 7,500.[85]

PR1MA will be the first organisation that exclusively targets this middle segment with homes ranging from RM 100,000 to RM 400,000 in a sustainable community.[86]

National Security Council Bill 2015

In December 2015, the National Security Council Bill 2015 was passed in Parliament after a marathon six-hour debate. The bill provides the Prime Minister of Malaysia with unprecedented powers, such as the ability to define what constitutes a security issue as well as deem any part of Malaysia a security area.[87] Within that area, authorities may make arrests, conduct searches or seize property without a warrant.[88] The bill was criticised by rights groups as inviting government abuse.[89] The Malaysian Bar called it a "lurch towards an authoritarian government".[90] The government has defended the bill, with cabinet minister Shahidan Kassim saying the law is necessary to enable better co-ordination and a uniform response in the event the country is faced with security threats, and that the law does not contravene the basic human rights guaranteed under the federal constitution.[88]

Economic policy

Najib addressing the Annual Meeting 2013 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, 25 January 2013.
Najib meeting British Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills Vince Cable in London, 13 July 2011

New Economic Model

On 2 May 2009, Najib announced the government's plan to develop a New Economic Model that will speed Malaysia's transition to a high-income country. The plan will emphasise ways to increase the income and productivity of workers by encouraging knowledge industries and increasing investment from overseas.[citation needed]

Reform of government subsidies

Najib has started to implement comprehensive reform of government subsidies. On 16 July 2010, subsidies for petrol, diesel and LPG were cut as part of Malaysia's general programme of reducing and rationalising subsidies per the 10th Malaysia Plan and the New Economic Model. The government believes it will save RM 750 million by the end of 2010 through these measures with little negative impact on most citizens. Sugar and fuel subsidies were selected for reform because they disproportionately benefit the wealthy and foreigners, encourage over-consumption and create opportunities for fraud and smuggling.[91] Najib expressed his hope that Malaysians would adopt a healthier lifestyle. He said, "there is no logic in the government allocating subsidies worth almost RM1 billion on a commodity that could endanger the people's health".[92] Responding to concerns about how these reforms might affect the poor, the Prime Minister's Office pointed out that Malaysia will still be spending RM 7.82 billion per year on fuel and sugar subsidies and that prices for these commodities would remain the lowest in Southeast Asia. The government also stated that education and health care would continue receiving state support.[93]

Economic liberalisation

Malaysia has implemented substantial measures to attract foreign investment including a moderation of preferences designed to benefit ethnic Malays. Specifically these reforms include allowing foreign investors to hold majority stakes in most enterprises excluding "strategic" industries such as banking, telecommunications, and energy, easing insurance regulation, curtailing powers of the Foreign Investment Committee and lowering the minimum quota for Malay ownership in publicly traded companies from 30 percent to 12.5 percent. As he introduced the reforms Najib stated, "The world is changing quickly and we must be ready to change with it or risk being left behind."[94]

Since these reforms have been implemented, the American banking firms Goldman Sachs and Citigroup have been granted permission to expand their operations in Malaysia. Goldman Sachs received licenses to set up fund management and advisory operations. Citigroup has obtained a permit to offer brokerage services. The approval of these licenses is a sharp break from Malaysia's history of domestically dominated and tightly regulated markets for financial services.[citation needed]

The International Institute for Management Development responded to these and other reforms by increasing Malaysia's ranking to the 10th-most competitive economy in the world in 2010 from 18th in 2009. Malaysia, which is now ranked fifth in the Asia Pacific region, scored well in business and government efficiency. Economists attributed the rise of Malaysia's ranking to the efforts of the Malaysian government to improve the country's business environment such as the New Economic Model, the Government Transformation Programme and the Economic Transformation Programme.[95]

Stimulus packages

The Malaysian government passed two stimulus packages to mitigate the effects of the global economic downturn. The first stimulus package, worth RM 7 billion, was announced on 4 November 2008. The second package, worth RM 60 billion, was announced on 10 March 2009. Since assuming office as Prime Minister, Najib has been monitoring the progress of the stimulus packages on a weekly basis. Government economists believe that the stimulus packages have successfully generated increased economic activity, especially in the construction sector. Malaysia's central bank reported that Malaysia's economy grew at an annualised rate of 9.5% during the first half of 2010. Najib says the country is on track to meet the 6% average annual growth to reach its goal of becoming a developed country by 2020. Commenting on this same economic data Najib said that as of August 2010 there were no plans for further economic stimulus. Rather he said the government would focus on improving Malaysia's economic fundamentals and increasing investment.[96]

Foreign policy and state visits

Najib meeting US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in Vladivostok, 9 September 2012

Palestine

The government of Malaysia has long been a strong supporter of the Palestinian cause against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank.[97] Malaysia also supports unity between the Palestinian Fatah and Hamas factions. Najib visited the West Bank with his wife Rosmah Mansor, escorted by senior officers of the Malaysian government.[98] Najib became the first Muslim leader from South East Asia to set foot on Palestinian soil.[99] Najib says Palestinians can count on Malaysia, but for there to be lasting peace, Hamas and Fatah must unite to safeguard the safety and security of the Palestinian people. Malaysia will give Palestine the moral, financial and political support it needs to rise above its struggles, but securing a future of lasting peace hinges on the Palestinians being united. Najib also stated that for Palestine to move towards having a future it envisioned, Palestinians would have to take the first step – to unite among themselves.[100]

United States

Najib's visit in September 2017 to the United States on the invitation of President Donald Trump successfully strengthened the Comprehensive Partnership that was established between Malaysia and the United States in 2014.[101]

Najib enjoyed a close personal relationship with then US President Barack Obama and managed to upgrade Malaysia-US relations to a 'comprehensive partnership'.[102][103]

Najib and Obama met just before the Nuclear Security Summit in Washington on 12 April 2010. This was their first one-on-one meeting. During their talk, Obama sought further assistance from Malaysia in stemming nuclear proliferation which Obama described as the greatest threat to world security.[104] During the summit, Najib stressed that Malaysia only supported nuclear programmes designed for peaceful purposes. Najib's attendance at the summit was part of a week-long official visit to the United States.[105]

India

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi meeting Najib in Putrajaya, Malaysia on 23 November 2015

Najib travelled to India on a five-day state visit in January 2010. His 200-strong entourage included cabinet ministers, deputy ministers, state government officials, members of parliament, and prominent business leaders.[106] During his visit, Najib pushed for a free-trade agreement and co-operation across a wide range of fields.[107] Najib and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh signed an extradition treaty and agreements to co-operate in the areas of higher education and finance. The two countries agreed to sign a free-trade agreement before the end of 2010 and Najib called for signing a "Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement" by the same date.[108] These economic agreements have resulted in plans for RM 1.6 trillion in investment for Malaysia.[109] In January 2010, Najib announced plans to develop a new visa regime for Indian nationals, specifically for managers and knowledge workers to visit Malaysia.[110]

Singapore

Najib made a two-day visit to Singapore, on 21–22 May 2009. During the visit, both Najib and Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong agreed to move bilateral relations forward in a more productive manner and will either set aside or resolve the "legacy" problems between the two countries. During a speech in Singapore, Najib said he hoped his visit would signal "the beginning of a new era" between the two countries.[111]

in 2010 Najib resolved a key diplomatic problem between the two countries by ending the impasse over transportation links and Singaporean investment in Iskandar Malaysia. He and Lee Hsien Loong have agreed to modify the Points of Agreement signed in 1990. Specifically, the two sides have promised to move the KTM railway station from Tanjung Pagar to Woodlands, set up a joint venture to be called M-S Pte Ltd to develop Marina One, and DUO in Bugis but the railway tracks were replaced by the "Green Corridor", develop a rapid transit and high-speed rail links, and allow Temasek and Khazanah to set up a joint venture for the purpose of developing a town in Iskandar Malaysia.[112]

South Korea

Najib attended the ASEAN-South Korea Summit on 1 June 2009 hosted by South Korean President Lee Myung Bak. During the summit, the ASEAN-Korea Investment Agreement was signed to boost economic and trade relations between ASEAN and South Korea After the summit, Najib said Malaysia is keen on emulating South Korea in developing a small-scale nuclear reactor for power generation, as well as South Korea's other low-carbon green technology.[113]

China

Najib made a four-day visit to China on 2–5 June 2009. During the visit, Najib mentioned his family's special relationship with China, noting that his father, and Malaysia's second Prime Minister, first established diplomatic relations with China in 1974. During the visit, several substantive issues were discussed in meetings between Najib and Chinese President Hu Jintao and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao. The two sides signed an endorsed strategic action plan covering 13 major areas, which will serve as the guideline for relations between Malaysia and China. Najib described the trip as most fruitful. Najib also received an honorary doctorate in international relations from the Beijing Foreign Studies University.[114]

Indonesia

Najib with President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono in Putrajaya on 18 December 2012.

Najib made a visit to Indonesia on 22–24 April 2009. Several issues were discussed, including co-operation in the tourism, oil and gas, and high-technology industries, as well as electricity supply from the Bakun dam to Kalimantan. Najib and his entourage also attended an official dinner hosted by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and his wife Ani Yudhoyono.[citation needed]

New Zealand

Under Najib's government, Malaysia signed a free-trade agreement (FTA) with New Zealand on 26 October 2009 to take effect 1 August 2010. The agreement will reduce or eliminate tariffs on thousands of industrial and agricultural products. The two countries have also agreed to reciprocate most-favoured nation status in private education, engineering services, environmental protection, mining services and information technology.[115]

Myanmar

In a protest rally in December 2016, Najib criticized the Myanmar authorities for the military crackdown on Rohingya Muslims, and described the ongoing persecution as "genocide".[116][117]

Philippines and the Moro people of Mindanao

President Rodrigo Duterte and his delegation meeting with Najib and other Malaysian ministers in Perdana Square, Putrajaya, 10 November 2016.

The Moro Islamic Liberation Front has always favoured Malaysia as a mediator in their effort of becoming an autonomous state. On 15 October 2012, the Moro rebels and Philippine authorities devised a peace agreement brokered by Malaysia. During the official signing ceremony, the Malaysian government was invited as a witness to the treaty.[118]

LCS scandal

Najib has been implicated in the misappropriation of funds in the purchase of littoral combat ships (LCS). There is a perception that Najib was "the most powerful decision-maker" in the LCS procurement arrangements as he was both prime minister and finance minister at the time (April 2009).[119] In 2022, Najib commented that the project was given to contractor Boustead Naval Shipyard Sdn Bhd because it was owned by the Armed Forces Fund Board (LTAT) and all profits of the project would thus go to the armed forces.[120]

14th Malaysian general election

Malaysia held its 14th general election in May 2018. Barisan Nasional was dealt a surprising defeat, failing to win a majority for the first time in the country's history. Observers credited the unpopular Goods and Services Tax as well as the swirling 1MDB corruption scandal as key factors in the defeat.[121] On 12 May 2018, Najib resigned as President of UMNO and Chairman of BN and was replaced by UMNO vice-president, Hishammuddin Hussein.[122]

Post-premiership (2018–present)

Najib accepted the defeat and pledged to facilitate a smooth transfer of power. On 12 May 2018, three days after he lost the general elections, a flight manifest stated that Najib and his wife, Rosmah were taking a private jet to Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in Jakarta.[123] In response, the Immigration Department, upon the orders of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, imposed a travel ban barring their exit from the country.[124] Amidst the country's mood turning against him, Najib resigned as the leader of UMNO and Barisan Nasional on the same day.[125]

The newly elected Pakatan Harapan government swiftly reopened investigations into the 1MDB scandal. Since 16 May 2018, the Malaysian police have searched six properties linked to Najib and Rosmah as part of the investigation into the 1MDB scandal. They have seized 284 boxes filled with designer handbags, 72 large luggage bags containing cash in multiple currencies, and other valuables. The Malaysian police commissioner confirmed that the police seized goods with an estimated value of between US$223 and US$273 million.[126][127] The police described it as the biggest seizure in Malaysian history.[128]

In January 2019, a 7-second video clip of Najib uttered "Malu Apa Bossku" ("What's there to be ashamed of my boss") went viral on the internet. Najib later released a picture of him posed on a Yamaha Y150 motorcycle with the registration plate 8055KU (BOSSKU).[129] The catchphrase and the picture went viral on social media, especially with Malay youths, and inspired videos, memes, t-shirts, caps, vehicle stickers and a music video.[130][131] The phenomenon has contributed to Najib's rise in popularity.[132] Najib also claimed that his "Bossku" phenomenon has contributed to a victory for his party in 2020 Kimanis by-election.[133]

In December 2023, his lawyer Mohamed Shafee Abdullah stated that Najib already requested to pursue Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) while serving his jail sentence in the prison.[134]

COVID-19 measure violations

On 6 May 2021 amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia, Najib was given two fines amounting to RM3,000 for failing to comply with standard operating procedures (SOPs) of the conditional movement control order (CMCO) at a chicken rice restaurant.[135] On 11 January 2022, the police opened an investigation into an event attended by Najib over claims that there was a breach of COVID-19 SOPs.[136]

On 27 February 2022, Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin said he will review a video depicting Najib purportedly violating COVID-19 SOPs during a campaign visit in Perling, Johor.[137] On 10 March 2022, Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin revealed that his ministry had issued 42 compound notices for the violation of SOPs during the campaign period for the Johor election, including five to Najib.[138][139][140]

Controversies and issues

Murder of Altantuya Shaariibuu

Mongolian model Altantuya Shaariibuu disappeared outside the house of Abdul Razak Baginda, formerly a close associate of Najib, on October 19, 2006. She was never seen alive again. Three weeks later, her remains were found in a forest in Selangor. In 2008, Abdul Razak was acquitted by the High Court of abetment in the murder of Altantuyaa.[141] In 2015, Chief Inspector Azilah Hadri and Corporal Sirul Azhar Umar were found guilty of her murder and sentenced to death.[142]

In 2007, a Mongolian witness caused a stir in court when she revealed that Altantuya had been photographed having a meal with a Malaysian government official named 'Najib'.[143] Detective P. Balasubramaniam also linked Najib to Altantuya in a statutory declaration (SD) on July 3, 2008.[144] Najib has repeatedly denied knowing Altantuya or that he had any part in her death.[145][146][147] Reviewing the Altantuyaa case, Tommy Thomas, Attorney General of Malaysia from 2018 to 2020, wrote that the evidence "implicated not only Najib Razak as the person who gave [one of the bodyguards] the order to kill, but also his aide-de-camp, Musa Safri".[63]

1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal

On 2 July 2015, The Wall Street Journal ran an exposé alleging that MYR 2.672 billion (US$700 million) had been channelled from 1MDB into Najib's personal bank accounts, triggering widespread calls for his resignation.[148][149][150] Najib denied any wrongdoing and announced plans to sue the newspaper for libel[151] but eventually failed to do so.[152] On 6 July 2015, amid the 1MDB scandal, the ringgit fell to 3.8050 against the US dollar, the first time it slid beyond the 3.80 currency peg, which was lifted in 2005.[153] To back up the allegations, on 7 July 2015, The Wall Street Journal released a batch of partially redacted documents that purportedly show how nearly US$700 million (RM2.6 billion) was moved from 1MDB into Najib's personal bank accounts. These documents relate to transactions in March 2013, December 2014 and February 2015.[154]

The multi-agency task force investigating these allegations reported on 10 July 2015 that Najib's bank accounts at AmBank Islamic were closed before The Wall Street Journal reported the transfers of billions of ringgit to those accounts, thereby confirming that Najib had two accounts at that bank. The task force also confirmed that the six accounts it had just frozen did not belong to Najib but did not name the holders of those accounts[155] Najib's handling of the corruption scandal was criticised by, among others, former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and then Deputy Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin. During Najib's mid-term Cabinet reshuffle on 28 July 2015, Najib dropped Muhyiddin from his position as Deputy Prime Minister, as well as other Ministers who had been critical of his leadership. Najib stated that the reason for this was to create a more "unified team".[156]

On 1 August 2015, Najib addressed UMNO delegates in Seremban and in a clear reference to the Sarawak Report, the London-based whistleblower site founded and operated by journalist Clare Rewcastle Brown, demanded that "white people" stay out of Malaysia's affairs and stressed that he valued loyalty above all, and not smart people.[157]

On 3 August 2015, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission stated that the RM 2.6 billion that had been banked into Najib's personal account came from donors, not 1MDB,[158] but did not elaborate on who the donors were or why the funds were transferred, nor why this explanation had taken so long to emerge since the allegations were first made on 2 July 2015.[159][160] Umno Kuantan division chief Wan Adnan Wan Mamat later claimed that the RM 2.6 billion was from Saudi Arabia as thanks for fighting ISIS. He further claimed that the Muslim community in the Philippines as well as southern Thailand had also received similar donations, and that since the donations were made to Najib personally as opposed to UMNO, the funds were deposited into Najib's personal accounts.[161]

The scandal took a dramatic twist on 28 August 2015 when a member of Najib's own party, Anina Saaduddin, UMNO's Langkawi Wanita (women's) representative, filed a civil suit against him alleging a breach of duties as trustee and that he defrauded party members by failing to disclose receipt of the donated funds, and account for their use. This suit was filed in the Kuala Lumpur High Court and also named party Executive Secretary Abdul Rauf Yusof. Expressing fear that Najib would wield influence to remove any member of UMNO "for the sole purpose of avoiding liability" the court was also petitioned for an injunction to restrain UMNO, its Supreme Council, state liaison body, divisions and branches from removing the nominal plaintiff as a party member pending the determination of the suit. The plaintiff also sought repayment amounting to US$650 million, the amount allegedly deposited by Najib to a Singapore bank, an account of all monies that he had received in the form of donations, details of all monies in the AmPrivate Banking Account No 2112022009694 allegedly belonging to Najib, along with damages, costs, and other reliefs.[162]

On 21 September 2015, the New York Times reported that US investigators were investigating allegations of corruption involving Najib as well as people close to him. In particular, investigators focused on properties in the United States that were purchased in recent years by shell companies owned by Najib's stepson Riza Aziz or connected to a close family friend, as well as a $681 million payment made to what is believed to be Najib's personal bank account.[163]

The claimed MYR 2.6 billion "donation" into Najib's personal accounts led the opposition to table a no-confidence motion against Najib, on 18 October 2015.[164]

On 26 January 2016, Malaysia's Attorney General Mohamed Apandi Ali announced that the investigation into the $681 million payment into Najib's personal bank account had been closed. The Anti-Corruption Commission investigating the gift, led by Apandi, concluded that no laws had been broken and that the gift did not amount to graft. Apandi was appointed attorney general by Najib in August 2015 after the previous attorney general, Abdul Gani Patail, was abruptly dismissed by Najib. Although Bernama, Malaysia's state-run news service, reported that Abdul Gani was removed for health reasons, many speculated that his dismissal was related to the 1MDB corruption investigation.[165] The Attorney General then said that the [Saudi Royal Family] was the source of the $681 million gift,[166] although doubts remained as the Saudi ministries of foreign affairs and finance had no information on the purported gift.[167]

Najib was reported to have returned $620 million to the Saudi royal family in 2013, but no explanation was given as to the reason for the investment or what happened to the $61 million Najib did not return.[168] Najib hailed the results of the investigation and reiterated his denial of any wrongdoing.

On 28 March 2016, the Australian television programme Four Corners in an episode called State of Fear: Murder and Money in Malaysia,[169] aired new allegations about the large sums of money that have flowed into the bank accounts of Najib Razak.

On 30 March 2016, the Wall Street Journal, Time and several other news agencies reported that Najib and his wife, Rosmah Mansor had spent $15 million on luxury goods and extravagant travel expenses.[170] During Najib Razak's golf diplomacy with U.S. President Barack Obama on 24 December 2014, Malaysian investigation documents show that Rosmah Mansor had purchased items amounting to $130,625 at a Chanel store in Honolulu, Hawaii. The allegation was confirmed when a store employee at the Chanel store in the upscale Ala Moana Center recalled Najib's wife shopping there just before 25 December 2014.[171]

In April 2016, Mohd Nazifuddin Najib, the son of Najib, was named in the Panama Papers.[172]

In July 2016, the United States Department of Justice launched a civil lawsuit[173] to seize American assets worth over US$1 billion (4.1 billion MYR) allegedly obtained from US$3.5 billion (14.38 billion MYR) of misappropriated 1MDB funds. Within the civil lawsuit, a government official of high rank who had control over 1MDB was referred to as "Malaysian Official 1", and mentioned over 30 times. "Malaysian Official 1" was alleged to have received around US$681 million (2.797 billion MYR) of stolen 1MDB money via Falcon Bank, Singapore on 21 and 25 March 2013, of which US$650 million (2.0 billion MYR) was sent back to Falcon Bank on 30 August 2013.[174] In September 2016, Najib was identified as "Malaysian Official 1" by Abdul Rahman Dahlan, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department and the Barisan Nasional strategic communications director. Dahlan also claimed that Najib was not named because he was "not part of this investigation".[175][176]

On 15 June 2017, The United States Department of Justice followed up on its July 2016 lawsuit by issuing a civil action in rem to forfeit assets involved in and traceable to an international conspiracy to launder money misappropriated from 1Malaysia Development Berhad ("a strategic investment and development company wholly-owned by the government of Malaysia"). The writ provided detailed justifications for seeing to forfeit specific items and property located in the United States and abroad, including in the United Kingdom and Switzerland.[177] [178]

As a consequence of the 15 June 2017 writ, on 28 February 2018 Indonesian authorities seized the luxury yacht linked to the 1MDB investigations in waters off Bali, on behalf of the FBI.[179] Additionally, on 7 March 2018 in Californian courts, the producers of the 'Wolf of Wall Street' film agreed to pay $60m to settle Justice Department claims it financed the movie with money siphoned from 1MDB.[180]

In a speech in December 2017, US attorney general Jeff Sessions said of the scandal: "This is kleptocracy at its worst."[181][182]

Subsequent arrest, legal proceedings and conviction

Najib Razak
Criminal statusConvicted; currently serving sentence at Kajang Prison
Conviction(s)
  • 3 counts for criminal breach of trust under Section 409 of the Penal Code
  • 3 counts of money laundering under Section 4(1)(b) of Anti-Money Laundering Act, Anti-Terrorism Financing Act and Proceeds of Unlawful Activities Act
  • 1 count of abuse of power under Section 23 of the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) Act 2009
Criminal penalty12 years of imprisonment and fine of RM210 million (with an additional five years of imprisonment upon non-payment of fine) Since commuted to 6 years imprisonment and a RM50 million fine

On 3 July 2018 after the 14th Malaysian general election, Najib was arrested by the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) as part of investigations into how RM42 million (US$10.6 million) went from SRC International into Najib's bank account.[183][184][185] The following day, Najib was indicted in the High Court in Kuala Lumpur on three counts of criminal breach of trust and one count of abuse of power in connection with SRC International funds totalling RM42 million.[186][187][188] He was granted bail at RM1 million after pleading not guilty with his trial set for 18 February 2019.[189]

On 8 August 2018, Najib was charged with three further counts of money laundering as part of the MACC's investigation into the 1MDB scandal. Najib has denied making three transfers totaling RM42 from SRC International into his bank accounts.[190][191][192]

On 10 September 2018, Najib posted a copy of the letter that purportedly came from Prince Saud Abdulaziz Al-Saud of Saudi Arabia on his Facebook account, as a proof of the alleged financial donation of US$100mil (RM304.5mil) given to him in 2011.[193][194] He said he decided to reveal the documents in a bid to clear his name of various accusations and slander, and would continue to do so on his social media accounts.[195][196]

On 19 September 2018, Najib was arrested following two hours of questioning by the MACC, believed to be in relation to the RM2.6 billion donation he received in year 2013. Najib was charged on 20 September 2018 at the Sessions Court in Jalan Duta.[197][198][199] However, he pleaded not guilty and was released on bail after his court appearance.[200] On 21 September, he made a brief appearance at the Sessions Court registry to sign his bail at RM3.5 million for 25 counts of money laundering and abuse of power charges in relation to 1MDB. He has posted RM1 million for his bail, while the remaining RM2.5 million will be settled in instalments by the following week.[201][202] In August 2019, during his second trial, Najib faces four charges of abuse of power and 21 charges of money laundering for receiving illegal transfers of RM 2.3 billion between 2011 and 2014.

On 28 July 2020, the High Court convicted Najib guilty on all seven counts of abuse of power, money laundering and criminal breach of trust in relation to the SRC International case, becoming the first Prime Minister of Malaysia to be convicted of corruption.[23] High Court judge Mohamad Nazlan bin Mohamad Ghazali has delivered the verdict regarding the misappropriation of RM42 million (US$10 million) from SRC International, a former subsidiary of 1MDB.[203] In total, Najib faces 42 charges, of which 35 in another four trials are yet to be decided on.[204]

On the day of his conviction, Najib was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment and a fine of RM210 million (for the first charge). He was also given six concurrent sentences of 10 years' imprisonment for the other six charges. If he fails to pay the fine, he will be serving another five years in prison. He would be appealing against the verdict of the High Court.[25][26] The High Court granted a stay of execution of the conviction with an increased bail of RM 2 million with reporting to the police on the first and the fifth day of every month.[205]

Appeal

Najib's appeal hearing in front of the Court of Appeal of Malaysia began on 5 April 2021.[206] On 8 December 2021, the Court of Appeal of Malaysia dismissed Najib's appeal, therefore upholding both his conviction and 12-year sentence. Judge Abdul Karim Abdul Jalil has also condemned Najib's actions as a "national embarrassment".[207] Najib's lawyer stated that his client, who remained outside prison on bail, would further appeal to the Federal Court of Malaysia against his conviction and sentence.[208] On 16 August 2022, Malaysia's supreme court rejected Najib's appeal for a retrial, stating that the case had no evidence of bias. The Federal Court indicated that it would hear a final appeal by Razak in the SRC corruption case from 18 August 2022.[209][210]

On 23 August 2022, when the Federal Court was finishing hearing the appeal, Najib's counsel made an application to recuse the Chief Justice Tengku Maimun.[211] This application was dismissed[212] and the Federal Court upheld the Court of Appeal's conviction,[213] handing down its full judgment here. Upon the dissolution of Parliament on 10 October 2022, Najib's Pekan parliamentary seat was automatically vacated, and as he has been convicted of a crime, he is no longer eligible to stand in general elections.

Najib is the first Malaysian former prime minister to be convicted and jailed for corruption.[214] Rumours that he would receive special treatment during his sentence were denied by officials.[215][216]

On 2 February 2024, the Malaysian pardons board, headed by the outgoing Yang di-Pertuan Agong Abdullah of Pahang announced that it had reduced Najib's sentence to six years and reduced fines imposed on him to 50 million ringgit ($10.59 million).[217]

Personal life

Najib with his wife Rosmah Mansor in 2009.

In 1976, Najib married Tengku Puteri Zainah Tengku Eskandar ('Kui Yie') with whom he has three children: Mohd Nizar Najib (born 1978), Mohd Nazifuddin Najib and Puteri Norlisa Najib.

In 1987, he divorced Kui Yie and married Datin Seri Rosmah Mansor with whom he has two children: Mohd Norashman Najib and Nooryana Najwa Najib. His daughter Nooryana is married to the nephew of former Kazakhstani President, Nursultan Nazarbayev.[218][219]

Najib's extravagant lifestyle garnered significant attention and controversy during his time in power.[220] His wife Rosmah faced scrutiny for her expensive shopping habits, which allegedly included purchasing luxury handbags, jewelry, and clothing from top fashion brands.[221][222] A large collection of designer handbags, some of which were worth millions of dollars, was seized from their properties during investigations.[223] Najib was accused of using state funds for personal expenses, including covering credit card bills and luxury purchases.[224] These allegations became a focal point of the 1MDB scandal.

Najib Razak is an avid golf lover and is known to have played golf with the two US PresidentsBarack Obama and Donald Trump.[225] Trump referred to Najib as his "favourite prime minister".[226]

Najib Razak has four long-haired cats, named Kiki, Leo, Tiger and Simba.[227]

Election results

Pahang State Legislative Assembly
Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1982 N26 Bandar Pekan Najib Razak (UMNO) 3,820 72.50% Mohamed Rusdi Arif (PAS) 1,449 27.50% 5,377 2,371 73.37%
Parliament of Malaysia
Year Constituency Candidate Votes Pct Opponent(s) Votes Pct Ballots cast Majority Turnout
1976 P071 Pekan, Pahang Najib Razak (UMNO) Unopposed
1978 Najib Razak (UMNO) 13,876 76.16% Mohamed Rusdi Arif (PAS) 4,343 23.84% 9,533
1986 P076 Pekan, Pahang Najib Razak (UMNO) 16,431 74.50% Ali Abdullah Lee (PAS) 5,623 25.50% 22,748 10,808 66.87%
1990 Najib Razak (UMNO) 21,262 66.33% Othman Hitam (S46) 10,795 33.67% 33,414 10,467 71.36%
1995 P080 Pekan, Pahang Najib Razak (UMNO) 17,004 73.25% M. Samuel Mohamed Kamil (S46) 6,211 26.75% 24,565 10,793 71.60%
1999 Najib Razak (UMNO) 13,148 50.46% Ramli Mohamed (PAS) 12,907 49.54% 26,797 241 74.78%
2004 Najib Razak (UMNO) 31,956 77.96% Zakaria Dahlan (PAS) 9,034 22.04% 41,046 22,922 77.91%
2008 P085 Pekan, Pahang Najib Razak (UMNO) 36,262 78.73% Khairul Anuar Ahmad Zainudin (PKR) 9,798 21.27% 47,870 26,464 82.23%
2013 Najib Razak (UMNO) 51,278 76.60% Fariz Musa (PKR) 15,665 23.40% 68,464 35,613 85.30%
2018 Najib Razak (UMNO) 43,854 62.10% Ahiatudin Daud (PAS) 18,995 26.90% 70,614 24,859 79.43%
Zahid Mat Arip (BERSATU) 7,662 8.16%

Honours

Honours of Malaysia

Foreign honours

Honorary degrees

Other

On 1 February 2016, FinanceAsia has named Najib as the worst finance minister in 2016. The magazine said that 2015 had been a challenging year for the Malaysian economy, with a "double whammy" of the 1MDB scandal and the collapse in oil prices.[250][251][252]

See also

References

  1. ^ Lim, Ida (2 September 2022). "Six questions about Najib's Pekan seat (and GE15 dreams) now that he's in prison". Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023. On when the 14-day period would lapse for Najib, Shanmuga said "he has until end of Tuesday, September 6."
  2. ^ "Y.A.B. Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Tun Razak". Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia (in Malay). Archived from the original on 26 September 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
  3. ^ Tee, Kenneth (28 July 2020). "High Court finds Najib guilty of all seven charges in misappropriation of RM42m SRC International funds". Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  4. ^ Ramesh, Randeep (28 July 2016). "1MDB: The inside story of the world's biggest financial scandal". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 November 2019. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  5. ^ "1MDB: The playboys, PMs and partygoers around a global financial scandal". BBC News. 9 August 2019. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 31 August 2022.
  6. ^ Nadzri, Muhamad M. N. (1 December 2018). "The 14th General Election, the Fall of Barisan Nasional, and Political Development in Malaysia, 1957-2018". Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs. 37 (3): 139–171. doi:10.1177/186810341803700307. ISSN 1868-1034.
  7. ^ a b "Najib Secures UMNO Presidency", Bernama, 2 November 2008.
  8. ^ "Najib Razak steps down as UMNO president". CNA. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  9. ^ a b [1] Archived 21 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Arrests at rally calling for Najib's resignation Archived 6 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine. The Straits Times, 1 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  11. ^ Protesters Call on Malaysian Prime Minister to resign Archived 31 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine. The Wall Street Journal, 1 August 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  12. ^ Bersih plans overnight rally in August to demand Najib's resignation Archived 26 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine. The Straits Times, 29 July 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  13. ^ "Malaysia alliance demands removal of scandal-hit PM Najib". Archived from the original on 12 July 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  14. ^ "Malaysia's Mahathir and opposition sign declaration to oust Najib". The Straits Times. 4 March 2016. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  15. ^ "Malaysia's Najib looks to ride out political crisis". Reuters. 11 August 2015. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  16. ^ "New bill gives Najib extensive powers". 5 December 2015. Archived from the original on 29 March 2019. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  17. ^ Malaysians seen curbing spending as living costs surge Archived 12 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Bloomberg, 7 January 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  18. ^ Ringgit, oil prices drop ahead of Najib's economic address Archived 7 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. The Malay Mail Online, 20 January 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  19. ^ Ringgit extends monthly losses as 1MDB scandal hurts sentiment Archived 12 November 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Bloomberg, 31 July 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  20. ^ "Najib congratulates Dr Mahathir over PM appointment". New Straits Times. 11 May 2018. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
  21. ^ "Former Malaysian PM Najib Razak arrested, to be charged on Wednesday over 1MDB scandal". CNA. Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  22. ^ 1MDB scandal explained: a tale of Malaysia's missing billions Archived 31 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine Published by The Guardian on 25 October 2018
  23. ^ a b "Former Malaysia PM Najib Razak found guilty of all 7 charges in 1MDB trial". Channel News Asia. 28 July 2020. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  24. ^ "Najib Razak: Former Malaysian PM guilty on all charges in corruption trial". BBC News. 28 July 2020. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  25. ^ a b "Ex-Malaysian PM Najib gets 12 years' jail in 1MDB-linked graft trial". The Straits Times. 28 July 2020. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  26. ^ a b "Former Malaysia PM Najib Razak sentenced to 12 years in jail following guilty verdict in 1MDB trial". Channel NewsAsia. 28 July 2020. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  27. ^ Wong, Feliz Solomon and Ying Xian (23 August 2022). "Najib Razak, Malaysia's Ex-Prime Minister, to Be Imprisoned After Losing Final 1MDB Appeal". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 28 March 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  28. ^ "Najib taken to Kajang Prison". New Straits Times. 23 August 2022. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  29. ^ Vivien, Ann (21 February 2016). "Midwife proud to have cared for Najib". Sayang Sabah. Archived from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  30. ^ CIMB Group, 25 May 2009 Archived 28 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Cimb.com. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
  31. ^ PAC to haul up seven ministries, agencies for weak finances Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. Themalaysianinsider.com. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
  32. ^ Bell, Thomas (3 April 2009). "Profile: Najib Razak : To Najib Razak the Malaysian premiership may feel like a birthright". London: The Daily Telegraph, 3 April 2009. Archived from the original on 29 January 2010. Retrieved 15 March 2010.
  33. ^ "How Najib and Abdullah rose to nation's top post". Archived 21 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Daily Express, 4 April 2009
  34. ^ a b c Biography. The Honourable Dato' Sri Mohd Najib bin Tun Abdul Razak Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Office of the Prime Minister of Malaysia
  35. ^ "Kosmo! Online - Rencana Utama". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  36. ^ [2] Archived 21 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ [3] Archived 8 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  38. ^ [4] Archived 6 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  39. ^ Najib is Deputy PM, Cabinet reshuffled. thestar.com.my. 7 January 2004
  40. ^ [5] Archived 28 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  41. ^ "DAP calls for the closure of the Anti-corruption Agency as it serves no purpose when it is so ineffective against corruption in government and high political levels – Pursuit of a Malaysian Dream". 14 November 1989. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  42. ^ Brown, Graham K. (April 2005). "Balancing the Risks of Corrective Surgery: The political economy of horizontal inequalities and the end of the New Economic Policy in Malaysia" (PDF). Oxford: Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity, CRISE; Queen Elizabeth House, University of Oxford. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 September 2008. Retrieved 7 December 2008. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  43. ^ TIMELINE: The rise of Najib, Malaysia's sixth Prime Minister | Reuters Archived 8 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine. In.reuters.com. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
  44. ^ "Q+A-Is Malaysia's incoming PM Najib a spendthrift?". Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 September 2020. Retrieved 24 October 2011.
  45. ^ Najib: We'll send troops despite Israeli reservations. Thestar.com.my. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
  46. ^ "American soldiers 'held hostage by warlord'," The Herald, 6 October 1993
  47. ^ "coe-dmha.org - contact with domain owner | Epik.com". coe-dmha.org. Archived from the original on 19 May 2009.
  48. ^ a b Malaysian troops arrive for U.N. duty in Lebanon Archived 8 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Reuters. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
  49. ^ Michiko, Nakahara (2001). ""Comfort Women" in Malaysia". Critical Asian Studies. 33 (4): 581–589. doi:10.1080/146727101760107442. PMID 21046839. S2CID 36266081. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024.
  50. ^ Loone, Susan (11 August 2001). "Researcher details shattered lives of local comfort women". malaysiakini. Archived from the original on 12 April 2023.
  51. ^ "Researcher details shattered lives of local comfort women". 11 August 2001. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  52. ^ Nanda, Akshita (23 January 2017). "Stirring look at comfort women in Singapore". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024.
  53. ^ Najib’s Challenge: Clean up UMNO Archived 20 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Malaysiasdilemma.wordpress.com (15 March 2009). Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
  54. ^ News Archived 26 April 2006 at the Wayback Machine. AlertNet. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
  55. ^ Malaysia's 3-month national service a flop? Archived 23 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Asia Times Online, 4 May 2004
  56. ^ RM2.37bil spent on NS, The Star, 16 May 2008
  57. ^ Malaysian family to sue government over daughter's death during national service Archived 20 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press, 11 May 2008
  58. ^ Government Won't Compromise On Negligence At NS Training Camps Archived 25 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Bernama, 6 September 2007.
  59. ^ "Malaysian PM caught up in murder, bribery scandal". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 2 July 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2014.
  60. ^ "Malaysian prime minister faces new allegations over submarine". 16 December 2012. Archived from the original on 20 December 2012.
  61. ^ "Body of evidence gives Malaysia's PM the jitters". The Australian. 5 May 2012.
  62. ^ "Malaysia denies corruption allegations in French submarine sale". Reuters. 26 June 2012. Archived from the original on 19 October 2015. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
  63. ^ a b "BOOK REVIEW: My Story: Justice in the Wilderness". 13 February 2021. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  64. ^ "Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia", 1Malaysia.com.my
  65. ^ Najib to become Minister of Finance Archived 6 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Reuters.com, 17 September 2008
  66. ^ PAC to haul up seven ministries, agencies for weak finances Archived 12 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Themalaysianinsider.com. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
  67. ^ "Happy for UMNO, Says Dr. Mahathir", Bernama, 8 October 2008.
  68. ^ People.com.cn Archived 14 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine, 3 April 2009.
  69. ^ "PM Najib is acting women's minister". malaysiakini.com. 7 April 2012. Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  70. ^ National Unity Ultimate Objective Of 1Malaysia, Says Najib Archived 3 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Bernama.com (15 June 2009). Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
  71. ^ 1Malaysia.com.my Archived 25 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine. 1Malaysia.com.my. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
  72. ^ "1Malaysia". 1Malaysia. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2015.
  73. ^ My1malaysia Archived 29 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Twitter.com. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
  74. ^ Najib Razak Archived 27 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Facebook.com. Retrieved on 24 October 2011.
  75. ^ Hopkins, Julian (2011). "Cybertroopers and tea parties: government use of the Internet in Malaysia". Asian Journal of Communication. 24: 5–24. doi:10.1080/01292986.2013.851721. S2CID 143580515.
  76. ^ Adam, Shamim (14 August 2014). "Mahathir Ends Support for Najib Over Racial, Economic Policies". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  77. ^ Montesano, Michael J.; Lee Poh Onn (2011). Regional Outlook: Southeast Asia 2011–2012. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 49. ISBN 978-9814311007.
  78. ^ "1 Malaysia's People Aid (BR1M)". barisannasional.org.my. Putrajaya. 15 January 2011. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  79. ^ Singh, Jaspal. "Najib to launch BR1M distribution" Archived 31 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. New Straits Times, Kuala Lumpur, 28 January 2013, Retrieved on 1 February 2013.
  80. ^ "Govt announces increase in BR1M4.0 for all recipients". astroawani.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  81. ^ "BR1M for low wage earners raised to RM950". themalaysianinsider.com. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014.
  82. ^ "Budget 2015: GST, tax breaks and BR1M among highlights - Nation - The Star Online". thestar.com.my. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  83. ^ "No benefit from increased BR1M aid due to GST". thesundaily.my. Archived from the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  84. ^ "At start of 1MDB trial, prosecution paints a tale of excess and abuse". Reuters. 28 August 2019. Archived from the original on 28 August 2019. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  85. ^ Wong Sai Wan, Terence Toh. "Finally, affordable homes for middle-income earners". The Star Online, Kuala Lumpur, 23 September 2012, Retrieved on 1 February 2013.
  86. ^ "PR1MA About Us". pr1ma.my. Kuala Lumpur. 26 June 2012. Archived from the original on 14 February 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2013.
  87. ^ "Two alarm bells for Malaysians". 7 December 2015. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  88. ^ a b "Malaysia defends passing of controversial security bill". 4 December 2015. Archived from the original on 7 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  89. ^ "Malaysian Security Law Invites Government Abuses, Rights Groups Say". The New York Times. 3 December 2015. Archived from the original on 30 July 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  90. ^ "The National Security Council Bill 2015 is a Lurch Towards an Authoritarian Government". 3 December 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2015.[permanent dead link]
  91. ^ "Factsheet on Subsidy Rationalisation, Government Transformation Programme". Archived from the original on 6 March 2010. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  92. ^ Subsidy cuts my solve sugar 'shortages', Malaysia Insider, 22 July 2010
  93. ^ Malaysia cuts fuel, sugar subsidies in risky move Archived 22 September 2010 at the Wayback Machine, by Julia Zappei, Business Week, 17 July 2010
  94. ^ Malaysia in major liberalisation drive Archived 2 February 2024 at the Wayback Machine, Financial Times, 30 June 2009
  95. ^ Top ten: Malaysia rises up competitiveness ranking, By Jagdev Singh Sidhu, The Star, 20 May 2010
  96. ^ Wee Soon Ying, "Malaysia not launching economic stimulus package"[dead link], Xinhua, 20 August 2010
  97. ^ Bernama. "Muhyiddin: PM's Gaza visit reaffirms Malaysia's support for Palestine" Archived 30 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine, New Straits Times, Kuala Lumpur, 24 January 2013. Retrieved on 29 January 2013.
  98. ^ Ahmad, Razak. "Malaysia supports Fatah-Hamas reconciliation", The Star Online, Kuala Lumpur, 23 January 2013. Retrieved on 29 January 2013.
  99. ^ Porter, Barry (22 January 2013). "Najib Visits Hamas-Run Gaza Strip as Malaysia Election Nears". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  100. ^ Azura Abas and Koi Kye Lee (27 January 2013). "You Have Our Support". nst.com.my. Kuala Lumpur. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
  101. ^ [6] Archived 14 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine, by Yushaimi Yahaya, New Straits Times, 13 September 2017
  102. ^ Joint Statement By President Obama And Prime Minister Najib Of Malaysia Archived 31 October 2019 at the Wayback Machine, 27 April 2014
  103. ^ [7] Archived 5 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, The Malay Mail Online, 19 August 2014
  104. ^ Lim Ai Lee Najib and Obama in historic bilateral meeting, The Star, 13 April 2010
  105. ^ Najib-Obama historic meeting in Washington, The Malaysian Mirror, 13 April 2010
  106. ^ "Najib set to create history with Chennai visit", M. Veera Pandiyan, The Star, 20 January 2010
  107. ^ "Malaysia to push for FTA during PM Razak visit", R. Vasudevan, Asian Tribune, 19 January 2010
  108. ^ "India, Malaysia sign extradition pact, boost economic ties", DPA, 20 January 2010
  109. ^ "PM's visit to India draws RM1.6b in potential deals", by Rupa Damodaran, Business Times, 15 February 2010"
  110. ^ "Clinch economic pact by year-end: Malaysia" Archived 29 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Bernama, 23 January 2010
  111. ^ "Ties with Singapore to move forward", Clarissa Oon, The Straits Times, 23 May 2009
  112. ^ Malaysia and Singapore end deadlock on key issues, The Star, 25 May 2010
  113. ^ "Signing of FTA signifies success of ASEAN-Korea Summit", Bernama, 3 June 2009
  114. ^ "Najib's visit marks milestone in Malaysia-China friendship". The Star, 4 June 2009
  115. ^ "FTA Comes into Force on Aug 1, Says Mustapa". Bernama. 30 July 2010. Archived from the original on 31 July 2010.
  116. ^ "'Enough is enough': Malaysian PM Najib Razak asks Aung San Suu Kyi to prevent Rohingya violence". Firstpost. Associated Press. 4 December 2016. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  117. ^ "Malaysia PM urges world to act against 'genocide' of Myanmar's Rohingya". The Guardian. Associated Press. 4 December 2016. Archived from the original on 23 April 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  118. ^ "Gov't, MILF seal preliminary peace pact". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 15 October 2012. Archived from the original on 30 August 2019. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
  119. ^ Siang, Lim Kit (22 August 2022). ""Will Najib swear his innocence over the LCS scandal?"". Focus Malaysia. Archived from the original on 16 November 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  120. ^ "Najib rebuts allegations in Syed Saddiq's LCS video". The Star. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  121. ^ "Mahathir Wins in Historic Malaysia Power Shift". Bloomsberg. 10 May 2018. Archived from the original on 23 June 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  122. ^ "Najib letak jawatan Presiden UMNO, Pengerusi BN". BH Online (in Malay). 12 May 2018. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
  123. ^ Reuers Staff (12 May 2018). "Ousted PM Najib listed on manifest for jet leaving Malaysia". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  124. ^ "Police cordon off home of Malaysia's ex-PM Najib Razak after travel ban". Reuters. 12 May 2018. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 18 May 2018.
  125. ^ "Najib resigns as Umno, BN chief". Malaysiakini. 12 May 2018. Archived from the original on 19 June 2018. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
  126. ^ "Najib raids: $273m of goods seized from former Malaysian PM's properties". The Guardian. 27 June 2017. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  127. ^ "Bags of cash, jewellery seized in Najib raid worth $273m". Al Jazeera. 27 June 2017. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 6 July 2018.
  128. ^ "Biggest seizure in our history". The Star Online. 28 June 2018. Archived from the original on 30 June 2018. Retrieved 30 June 2018.
  129. ^ Alagesh, T. N. (16 January 2019). "Will 'Malu apa bossku' fever play a role in Camerons by-election?". New Straits Times. Archived from the original on 3 February 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  130. ^ Tang, Terence (29 April 2019). "The Najib 'bossku' hype: Chance on speed or planned campaign?". The Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 29 April 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  131. ^ Dzulkifly, Danial. "Now there's a 'Malu apa bossku' song, and the rapper wants Najib's forgiveness". The Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  132. ^ Zahiid, Syed Jaymal (3 July 2020). "In drawing its election battle plan, Pakatan cautioned against writing off 'Bossku' Najib". The Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  133. ^ Chan, Julia (19 January 2020). "Najib: 'Bossku' phenomenon contributed to Kimanis victory". The Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 19 July 2020.
  134. ^ "Shafee says Najib currently writing PhD thesis in prison, reading materials brought in by assistant". The Malay Mail. 1 December 2023. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
  135. ^ Ramendran, Charles (6 May 2021). "Najib fined RM3,000 for SOP violation". www.thesundaily.my. Archived from the original on 18 March 2022.
  136. ^ "Cops probing event Najib attended for SOP breach". FreeMalaysiatoday. 11 January 2022. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  137. ^ Mohd, Hariz (27 February 2022). "SOP breach: Khairy to review Najib's visit, cancels journo's RM1k fine". Malaysiakini. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024.
  138. ^ "Johor polls: MOH issued 42 compounds, including 5 to Najib - Khairy". Malaysiakini. 10 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023.
  139. ^ "Johor polls: 42 compound notices issued, including five to Najib, says KJ". The Star. 10 March 2022. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023.
  140. ^ "Johor polls: MOH issued 42 compounds, including five to Najib — Khairy". The Edge Markets. 11 March 2022. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022.
  141. ^ "Razak Baginda cleared of abetment charge, two others face trial". The Star. 1 July 2008. Archived from the original on 18 April 2021.
  142. ^ "Malaysia officers' Mongolia model death sentences upheld". BBC News. 13 January 2015. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023.
  143. ^ Tsin, Soon Li (29 June 2007). "Najib seen with Altantuya". Malaysiakini. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024.
  144. ^ Habib, Shahanaaz (3 July 2008). "Altantuya: Razak's PI makes shocking statutory declaration (Update)". The Star. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022.
  145. ^ "Najib Razak denies murder link". BBC News. 23 April 2007. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023.
  146. ^ "Altantuya revisited: Najib says never seen her, never knew she existed". Malaysiakini. 27 October 2018. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023.
  147. ^ Tee, Kenneth (23 January 2019). "Najib: Lies. I never met Altantuya". Malay Mail. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023.
  148. ^ Wright, Tom; Clark, Simon (2 July 2015). "Investigators Believe Money Flowed to Malaysian Leader Najib's Accounts Amid 1MDB Probe". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
  149. ^ Zaid: Najib's finest hour when he steps down. Free Malaysia Today, 6 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  150. ^ Najib must resign if he can't dispute claims in WSJ, Sarawak Report, Guan Eng tells reporters Archived 6 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The Malaysian Insider, 3 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  151. ^ "Malaysian law firm representing prime minister might sue WSJ". Reuters News Service. 8 July 2015. Archived from the original on 26 March 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  152. ^ "Najib may drop plan to sue if WSJ invokes US law". The Malaysian Reserve. 3 April 2017. Archived from the original on 9 May 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  153. ^ Ringgit slides through Mahathir's peg as Najib's finances probed Archived 7 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. The Malay Mail Online, 6 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  154. ^ "WSJ releases redacted documents online to back up its 1MDB-Najib money trail report". themalaymailonline.com. Archived from the original on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
  155. ^ "Task force confirms Najib's accounts at AmBank, says closed before WSJ report". themalaysianinsider.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
  156. ^ "1MDB scandal: Malaysia PM Najib Razak sacks deputy, attorney-general as corruption allegations mount". ABC News (Australia). 29 July 2015. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2015.
  157. ^ "'White people' should stay out of Malaysia's affairs, Najib says". 1 August 2015. Archived from the original on 3 August 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  158. ^ Malaysiakini.com,. (2015). MACC: RM2.6b a donation, not 1MDB funds Archived 30 November 2020 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 3 August 2015
  159. ^ "MACC: RM2.6bil in Najib's account from donors, not 1MDB's". The Star. Archived from the original on 5 August 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  160. ^ "Malaysia's anti-graft unit says funds in PM's account a 'donation', not from state fund". Reuters. 3 August 2015. Archived from the original on 6 August 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2015.
  161. ^ "Najib's RM2.6 billion is from Saudi Arabia as thanks for fighting Isis, claims Umno leader". Archived from the original on 17 August 2015.
  162. ^ "'Umno' sues Najib to retrieve chunk of RM2.6b". 28 August 2015. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  163. ^ Story, Louise (21 September 2015). "Malaysia's Leader, Najib Razak, Faces U.S. Corruption Inquiry". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 February 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  164. ^ "No-confidence move against PM". 18 October 2015. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
  165. ^ Ramzy, Austin (28 July 2015). "Malaysia's Premier Dismisses Deputy and Attorney General Amid Scandal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  166. ^ "Swiss investigators say US$4bn stolen from Malaysian state-owned companies". The Guardian. Agence France-Presse. 29 January 2016. Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  167. ^ Hope, Bradley; Wright, Tom; Ngui, Yantoultra (27 January 2016). "Doubts Raised About Claim of Saudi 'Donation' to Malaysia Prime Minister Najib Razak". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  168. ^ Fuller, Thomas (26 January 2016). "Malaysia Closes Investigation Into Prime Minister Najib Razak's Funds". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 29 January 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  169. ^ "State of Fear". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 28 March 2016. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  170. ^ Jenkins, Nash (31 March 2016). "Malaysian PM Najib 'Spent Millions' on Luxury Goods: Report". Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  171. ^ Wright, Tom; Hope, Bradley (31 March 2016). "1MDB Probe Shows Malaysian Leader Najib Spent Millions on Luxury Goods". Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 12 September 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2016.
  172. ^ "Panama Papers: The Power Players". International Consortium of Investigative Journalists. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 3 April 2016.
  173. ^ "U.S. lawsuits link Malaysian leader to stolen money from 1MDB fund". Reuters. 20 July 2016. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
  174. ^ "Malaysian Prime Minister transferred US$650 million back to Singapore Bank". StatesTimesReview, Singapore. 15 August 2015. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  175. ^ "PM Najib is 'Malaysian Official 1' but not involved in 1MDB probe: Minister". The Straits Times. September 2016. Archived from the original on 4 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  176. ^ Vaswani, Karishma (September 2016). "Who is 'Malaysian Official 1'? Case closed". BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 September 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2016.
  177. ^ "Verified Complaint for Forfeiture in Rem". www.justice.gov. 15 June 2017. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  178. ^ "Justice Department Complaint Seeking 1MDB Assets.html". www.nytimes.com. 16 June 2017. Archived from the original on 19 March 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
  179. ^ "Bali police seize luxury superyacht linked to 1MDB scandal and wanted businessman Jho Low". South China Morning Post. 28 February 2018. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
  180. ^ Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (7 March 2018). "Wolf of Wall Street producers to pay $60m to US government". The Guardian UK. Archived from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  181. ^ "Jeff Sessions calls Malaysia's 1MDB scandal 'kleptocracy at its worst'". Reuters. 5 December 2017. Archived from the original on 29 July 2023.
  182. ^ "1MDB saga is 'kleptocracy at its worst': Jeff Sessions - Taipei Times". www.taipeitimes.com. 6 December 2017. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022.
  183. ^ "Former Malaysian PM Najib Razak arrested, to be charged on Wednesday over 1MDB scandal". Channel News Asia. 3 July 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  184. ^ "Najib arrested". The Star. 3 July 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  185. ^ Beech, Hannah; Ramzy, Austin (3 July 2018). "Najib Razak, Malaysia's Ex-Prime Minister, Is Arrested Amid Corruption Inquiry". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  186. ^ Ahmed, Suriati Sidek (4 July 2018). "Najib charged with CBT, abuse of power involving RM42 million Of SRC funds". Bernama. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  187. ^ "Malaysia's ex-PM Najib charged with corruption over 1MDB". BBC News. 4 July 2018. Archived from the original on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  188. ^ "Former Malaysian PM Najib Razak charged with corruption, criminal breach of trust". Channel News Asia. 4 July 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  189. ^ "'This is a chance to clear my name': Former Malaysian PM Najib Razak maintains his innocence". Channel News Asia. 4 July 2018. Archived from the original on 4 July 2018. Retrieved 4 July 2018.
  190. ^ "Najib Razak charged with money laundering over 1MDB scandal". The Guardian. 8 August 2018. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  191. ^ Hamdan, Nurbaiti (8 August 2018). "Najib charged with three counts under Anti-Money Laundering Act". The Star. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  192. ^ "KiniFlash - 8 Aug: Najib slapped with three more charges". KiniFlash. 8 August 2018. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  193. ^ "Najib releases documents as proof of RM304.5mil donation from Saudi royalty - Nation | The Star Online". www.thestar.com.my. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  194. ^ "Najib reveals documents to prove RM2.6b in bank account was donation from Saudi royalty". Channel NewsAsia. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  195. ^ "Najib reveals 'proof' of US$100m donation from Saudi royalty". The Edge Markets. 11 September 2018. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  196. ^ "Najib shows 'proof' money in his account was Saudi royal donation". Malaysiakini. 10 September 2018. Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 18 September 2018.
  197. ^ "Najib arrested, to be detained overnight". Free Malaysia Today. 19 September 2018. Archived from the original on 14 October 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  198. ^ "Najib arrested again, set to face new charges today". The Straits Times. 20 September 2018. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  199. ^ "Najib arrested by MACC for RM2.6bil in his account, to be charged tomorrow (Sept 20)". The Star. Archived from the original on 20 September 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018.
  200. ^ Ng, Eileen. "Malaysia's ex-PM pleads not guilty to new corruption charges". FOX5 Vegas | KVVU. The Associated Presssociated. Archived from the original on 21 September 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  201. ^ "Najib posts RM1 million bail, remaining RM2.5 million by next week". Free Malaysia Today. 21 September 2018. Archived from the original on 16 October 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  202. ^ "Najib posts first portion of RM3.5 mil bail". The Edge Markets. 21 September 2018. Archived from the original on 21 September 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
  203. ^ Anand, Ram (28 July 2020). "Ex-Malaysian PM Najib gets 12 years' jail in 1MDB-linked graft trial". The Straits Times. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  204. ^ "Former Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak found guilty of all seven charges related to 1MDB scandal". CNBC. 28 July 2020. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  205. ^ "Despite SRC conviction, Najib avoids jail for now after High Court grants stay of execution pending appeal". Malay Mail. 28 July 2020. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 28 July 2020.
  206. ^ "Malaysia's ex-PM Najib starts appeal over 1MDB conviction". CNA. 5 April 2021. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  207. ^ "Malaysia's appeal court upholds Najib's 1MDB-linked conviction, calls his actions a 'national embarrassment'". Channel News Asia. 8 December 2021. Archived from the original on 15 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  208. ^ Rodzi, Nadirah H. (8 December 2021). "Malaysia's Court of Appeal upholds ex-PM Najib Razak's conviction in 1MDB-related case". The Straits Times (Singapore). Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2021.
  209. ^ "Malaysian Court To Hear Final Appeal in Najib Corruption Case". Voice of America. 16 August 2022. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2022.
  210. ^ "Malaysia Top Court Rejects Najib's Bid to Add Evidence in Appeal". Bloomberg. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  211. ^ "Najib applies to recuse Tun Tengku Maimun from hearing his SRC appeal". 23 August 2022. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  212. ^ Ikram, Izzul; Yatim, Hafiz (23 August 2022). "Najib fails in bid to recuse Chief Justice". The Edge Markets. Archived from the original on 25 August 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
  213. ^ "Najib loses appeal, headed to prison". 23 August 2022. Archived from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  214. ^ "Guilty as charged: Federal Court upholds Najib's SRC conviction". The Vibes. 23 August 2022. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  215. ^ "No VIP treatment for Najib, says Prisons Dept". The Star. 24 August 2022. Archived from the original on 6 October 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
  216. ^ "No VIP treatment for ex-PM Najib, says Malaysia Prisons Department". The Straits Times. 24 August 2022. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  217. ^ "Malaysia pardons board halves sentence of jailed ex-PM Najib, convicted in 1MDB scandal". Rappler. 2 February 2024. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  218. ^ "Malaysian PM Najib to solemnise daughter's marriage to Kazakhstan President's nephew". The Straits Times. 19 March 2015. Archived from the original on 7 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  219. ^ "Najib Razak appears secure, but looks can deceive". The Economist. 6 January 2017. Archived from the original on 6 January 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  220. ^ "Report: Najib spent US$15m on holidays, shopping and jewellery". Malaysiakini. 31 March 2016. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023.
  221. ^ "Handbag and jewellery haul puts Rosmah Mansor in spotlight". New Straits Times. 20 May 2018. Archived from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  222. ^ "Inside the lavish world of Malaysia's Rosmah Mansor". Arab News. 9 June 2018. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023.
  223. ^ Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (18 May 2018). "Malaysia police seize hundreds of designer handbags from Najib Razak's flat". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023.
  224. ^ "Ex-Malaysian PM Najib spent $1.1m at luxury jewellery outlet in Italy in one day using credit cards, court hears". The Straits Times. 16 July 2019. ISSN 0585-3923. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023.
  225. ^ "In Hawaii, Obama golfs with Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 14 August 2015. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
  226. ^ "Donald Trump has friends, but few ambitions, in South-East Asia". The Economist. 2 November 2017. Archived from the original on 3 November 2017. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
  227. ^ "New Zealand's 'first cat' and other political pets". BBC News. 26 October 2017. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  228. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "SEMAKAN PENERIMA DARJAH KEBESARAN, BINTANG DAN PINGAT". Prime Minister's Department (Malaysia). Archived from the original on 19 July 2019. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  229. ^ "Sultan of Pahang's birthday honours list 2010". The Star. 27 October 2010. Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  230. ^ "Sarawak Honours List 2008". The Star. 5 November 2008. Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  231. ^ "DPMS 1992". awards.selangor.gov.my. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  232. ^ a b "Selangor ruler suspends titles bestowed on Najib, Rosmah pending court cases". Malaysiakini. 10 May 2019. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 10 May 2019.
  233. ^ a b Khairulanuar Yahya (12 September 2022). "Sultan Selangor tarik darjah kebesaran Najib, Rosmah". Malaysia Gazette (in Malay). Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  234. ^ "SPMS 2004". awards.selangor.gov.my. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  235. ^ "Najib dahului 126 penerima darjah, bintang". Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). 11 December 2004. Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  236. ^ "Sultan of Perak's birthday honours list". The Star. 20 April 2004. Archived from the original on 12 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  237. ^ "Negeri ruler strips Najib, Rosmah of Datuk Seri titles". Bernama. Malaysiakini. 26 October 2018. Archived from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
  238. ^ "Najib heads Malacca awards". The Star. 13 October 2007. Archived from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  239. ^ "Najib receives award from Penang Governor". The Star. 13 October 2009. Archived from the original on 25 October 2018. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  240. ^ "Penang governor revokes Najib's title". Free Malaysia Today. 15 September 2022. Archived from the original on 15 September 2022. Retrieved 15 September 2022.
  241. ^ "Najib set to receive Bahrain's highest award". The Star. 15 December 2017. Archived from the original on 27 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  242. ^ "Bahrain visit yields positive, meaningful results - Najib". New Starits Times. 17 December 2017. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  243. ^ "Najib to be conferred Brunei title". Bernama. The Star. 13 July 2010. Archived from the original on 5 February 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2018.
  244. ^ "Highest honour for PM". The Star. 18 January 2010. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  245. ^ "PM Najib receives Union Medal from UAE". Astro Awani. 18 May 2014. Archived from the original on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2021.
  246. ^ "Najib dedicates honorary doctorate to his father". The Star (Malaysia). 20 April 2008. Archived from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  247. ^ "Monash University awards PM with honorary doctorate". AsiaOne. 5 March 2011. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  248. ^ "Najib conferred honorary doctorate by Meiji University". The Star (Malaysia). 20 April 2010. Archived from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  249. ^ "PM offers to help unite Fatah and Hamas". The Star (Malaysia). 22 January 2013. Archived from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 18 February 2021.
  250. ^ "Najib Razak: Asia's worst finance minister 2016 | finance minister of the year, najib razak, malaysia, 1mdb". FinanceAsia. 1 February 2016. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022.
  251. ^ "Malaysian PM Najib Razak named Asia Pacific's worst finance minister". AsiaOne. 2 February 2016. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021.
  252. ^ Middleton, Rachel (3 February 2016). "Malaysia's Prime Minister Najib Razak named Asia's worst finance minister 2016". International Business Times UK. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021.

External links

Parliament of Malaysia
Preceded by Member of the Dewan Rakyat
for Pekan

1976–1982
Succeeded by
Mohamed Amin Daud
Preceded by
Mohamed Amin Daud
Member of the Dewan Rakyat
for Pekan

1986–2022
Succeeded by
Assembly seats
Preceded by
Shamsiah Abdul Hamid
Member of the Pahang State Legislative Assembly for Bandar Pekan
1982–1986
Constituency abolished
Academic offices
Preceded by President of International Islamic University Malaysia
1998–1999
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Minister of Culture, Youth and Sports
1986–1990
Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Defence
1991–1995
Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Education
1995–2000
Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Defence
2000–2008
Succeeded by
Preceded by Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
2004–2009
Succeeded by
Minister of Finance
2008–2018
Succeeded by
Prime Minister of Malaysia
2009–2018
Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Chairperson of ASEAN
2015
Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Youth Chief of the United Malays National Organisation
1987–1996
Succeeded by
Preceded by Deputy President of the United Malays National Organisation
2003–2009
Succeeded by
Chairman of Barisan Nasional
2009–2018
Succeeded by
President of the United Malays National Organisation
2009–2018