OpenSafety
openSAFETY is a communications protocol used to transmit information that is crucial for the safe operation of machinery in manufacturing lines, process plants, or similar industrial environments. Such information may be e.g. an alert signal triggered when someone or something has breached a light curtain on a factory floor. While traditional safety solutions rely on dedicated communication lines connecting machinery and control systems via special relays, openSAFETY does not need any extra cables reserved for safety-related information. It is a bus-based protocol that allows for passing on safety data over existing Industrial Ethernet connections between end devices and higher-level automation systems – connections principally established and used for regular monitoring and control purposes. Unlike other bus-based safety protocols that are suitable for use only with a single or a few specific Industrial Ethernet implementations and are incompatible with other systems, openSAFETY works with a wide range of different Industrial Ethernet variants.
Certifications, approvals and key functionality[edit]
openSAFETY is certified according to IEC 61508[1] and meets the requirements of SIL 3 applications. The protocol has been approved by national IEC committees representing over two dozen countries around the world, and has been released for international standardization in IEC 61784-3 FSCP 13.[2][3]
openSAFETY supports functional features to enable fast data transfer such as direct communication between nodes on a network (cross-traffic) as well as a range of measures needed to ensure data integrity and accuracy, e.g. time stamps, unique data packet identifiers, and others.[4] One particularly notable characteristic is openSAFETY's encapsulation of safety data within an Ethernet frame:[5] two subframes, each being an identical duplicate of the other, are combined to form the full safety frame. Each of the subframes is secured by its own checksum, which in effect provides multiple safeguards and levels of redundancy to ensure any distortions of safety data or other types of faults cannot go unnoticed.[6]
Compatibility and open-source license[edit]
In contrast to all other bus-based safety solutions on the market, which were created to complement a specific Industrial Ethernet protocol or family of bus systems, openSAFETY was designed for general interoperability. Though openSAFETY was conceived by the Ethernet POWERLINK Standardization Group (EPSG) and originally developed as a safety companion to that organization’s own Industrial Ethernet variant, POWERLINK, the safety protocol is no longer bound to POWERLINK. Instead, it can be used with various major Industrial Ethernet implementations, namely PROFINET, SERCOS III, EtherNet/IP, Modbus-TCP, and POWERLINK.[7] This broad compatibility with about 90% of the installed base of Industrial Ethernet installations in 2010[8] is achieved because openSAFETY operates only on the topmost (application) layer of the network, where safety data can be trafficked irrespective of specific network characteristics that may differ from one underlying bus system to another. This approach is commonly known as "black channel" operation in communication protocol engineering.[9]
Proof of concept presentation in 2010[edit]
A relatively late arrival on the scene,[10] openSAFETY was first released in 2009. It is based on its immediate precursor technology, POWERLINK Safety, which was originally launched in 2007. openSAFETY won broad public attention in April 2010, when a presentation at the Hannover Messe trade show in Germany showcased four different implementations of the safety solution running in SERCOS III, Modbus TCP, EtherNet/IP and POWERLINK environments.[11] The public presentation and open-source release of the protocol was hotly debated, with strong reactions both in favor and against the new solution, which prompted extensive reporting in the trade press.[12]
Following the major openSAFETY presentation in Hanover, proponents of the new solution gave lectures at other industry events as well, e.g. at TÜV Rheinland’s 9th International Symposium in Cologne, Germany, on 4–5 May 2010. Speaking at this conference on Functional Safety in Industrial Applications, Stefan Schönegger of Austria’s Bernecker + Rainer Industrie-Elektronik Ges.m.b.H. (B&R), a co-creator and major advocate of openSAFETY, provided an introduction to key characteristics of the new protocol.[13] Reports on later gatherings indicate that the focus of presentations and discussions about the protocol soon shifted to specific implementation and applicability issues.[14][15]
See also[edit]
Notes and references[edit]
- ^ IEC 61508 covers the Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems.
- ^ IEC 61784-3 covers Industrial communication networks - Profiles - Part 3: Functional safety fieldbuses.
- ^ Hoske, Mark T. "IEC approves openSAFETY, bus-independent protocol." Control Engineering website. 11 August 2010.
- ^ Lydon, Bill. "Multivendor Ethernet Safety Protocol - Noble Goal." Automation website. April 2011. The article discusses major features of the technology. Lydon finds that the "concept could be simply an interesting idea but the openSAFETY group has published a number of testimonials from users," and goes on to cite appraisals from senior management officials at a number of different companies including Alstom Power Automation & Controls and Nestlé Corporate Engineering.
- ^ See Chapter 3. Media Access Control (MAC) frame and packet specifications in the IEEE 802.3-2008 standard, Section One for details on standard Ethernet frame formats and the principle of data encapsulation.
- ^ Detailed, up-to-date information on the protocol’s features and functions complementing and expanding on this brief characterization can be found on the official openSAFETY website (see External Links section).
- ^ "Safety Technology Supports all Major Ethernet Protocols." Industrial Engineering News March 2011 (vol. 37, no. 3): 26. The article reports that openSAFETY support for use with PROFINET systems had recently been added to complement the protocols' previously established compatibility with other bus systems like SERCOS III, Modbus TCP, EtherNet/IP, and POWERLINK.
- ^ "Three Variants Dominate Industrial Ethernet." ControlDesign.com website. 29 April 2010. The article cites an IMS Research study that puts the combined market share of EtherNet/IP, PROFInet, Modbus TCP, and POWERLINK at 91%.
- ^ Verhappen, Ian. "The Hidden Network." ControlGlobal.com website. 2 April 2011. Verhappen discusses the widespread use of the term in this field as well as the lack of a precise definition for it, and follows up with an actual examination of "black channel" safety data transfer.
- ^ Specifications for competing solutions were released as early as 1999 in the case of PROFIsafe.
- ^ Presher, Al. "New OpenSAFETY Protocol." Archived 2011-04-24 at the Wayback Machine DesignNews website. 10 July 2010.
- ^ While English-language periodicals have not focused as much on these controversial debates, reactions from a number of industry players are well documented in feature articles and interviews published in German trade magazines, e.g. in open automation (3/2010, p. 54-55), Computer & Automation (5/2010, p. 18-20), messtec drives Automation (6/2010, p. 36-37) and A&D (9/2010, p. 65). Most articles indicate that openSAFETY was met with particularly vocal opposition from proponents of competing proprietary safety solutions, e.g. CIP Safety for SERCOS III.
- ^ Schönegger, Stefan. openSAFETY – The standard for safe communication. Archived 2011-07-17 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "First Korea Industrial Ethernet Conference." In its news section, the Industrial Ethernet Book website reports that about 140 participants attended presentations on "various aspects of the implementation of Powerlink and openSAFETY," delivered by speakers who "presented reference projects as well as hardware components."
- ^ "Second Industrial Ethernet Conference in Paris." Process Engineering Control & Maintenance. March/April 2011: 32. The article states that "participants from more than 50 companies" attended the event where various "speakers addressed topics such as openSAFETY and the implementation of applications with the first open, bus-independent safety protocol worldwide."