Phyllis Gardner (clinical pharmacologist)

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Phyllis Gardner
Alma mater
Known forFirst skeptic of Elizabeth Holmes
Ion channel biophysics
Scientific career
Institutions

Phyllis I. Gardner (born July 7, 1950) is a Professor of Medicine at the Stanford University School of Medicine. She has previously served as Dean of Education. Gardner was one of the first people to be publicly skeptical of Elizabeth Holmes, the founder of blood testing company Theranos, who was later found guilty of investor fraud.[1][2][3]

Early life and education[edit]

Gardner completed her bachelor's degree at the University of Illinois, where she specialized in biology.[4] She studied at Harvard Medical School and graduated in 1976.[4][5][6] She has held a license to practice medicine in California since 1979.[5] She completed research fellowships at Columbia University and University College London. She was a postdoctoral fellow at University College London in 1982.[7] Gardner trained in internal medicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital.[4] She was a Chief Resident at the Stanford School of Medicine. In 2002 Gardner argued against a merger of University College London and Imperial College London.[8]

Career[edit]

Academic research[edit]

Gardner joined Stanford University in 1984.[9] Gardner works on cardiac arrhythmias and cystic fibrosis pathogenesis.[4] In 1998 Gardner was appointed Senior Associate Dean for Education and Student Affairs at Stanford University.[10] She is a Professor of Clinical Pharmacology.[11] She led a laboratory that focused on ion channel biophysics.[12] In 2003, Gardner testified to the United States House of Representatives on the subject matter of applications of biotechnology research in the United States.[13]

Entrepreneurship[edit]

After spending ten years in academia, Gardner became interested in research and development and entrepreneurship.[12] She developed several forms of slow released medication, including an adaptation for retention in the stomach.[14][15] Gardner has been involved with several start-ups in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. From 1996 to 1998 Gardner served as Vice President of Research and Head of the Technology Institute at the Alza Corporation.[10] Gardner served as Director of the biopharmaceutical company Revance Therapeutics from 2007 to 2018.[16] She is an adjunct partner at Essex Woodlands Health Ventures.[17] She founded several companies, including the Genomics Collaborative, SKOLAR and the CambriaTech Holding Co.[18] She was appointed to the Board Of Directors of Ventaira Pharmaceuticals in 2006.[18] Gardner serves on the Board of Fellows of the Harvard Medical School.[19] She was appointed to the Board of Directors of CohBar, a clinical stage biotechnology company, in 2019.[4]

In 2002, Elizabeth Holmes visited Gardner at Stanford University.[9][20] Holmes proposed her idea for a microfluidic device that could detect and treat infectious diseases.[9][21][20] Gardner was critical of the proposal, and told Holmes she did not think her invention would be successful.[22][23][24] She explained to Holmes that it is not possible to use antibiotics on such a small scale.[9][25][26] Holmes dropped out of Stanford a few months later, but Gardner followed the evolution of Theranos.[25] Very briefly, both served on the Harvard Medical School Board of Fellows after Holmes was given an invitation to join.[27] Gardner did not permit Holmes to visit the Stanford campus and called for her to be sent to prison.[28]

In media[edit]

Dr. Gardner was portrayed by Emmy Award-winning actress Laurie Metcalf in the Hulu series The Dropout about the rise and fall of former Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes.[29][30][31]

Selected publications[edit]

  • Gardner, Phyllis (March 28, 1997). "Nuclear Export of NF-ATc Enhanced by Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3". Science. 275 (5308): 1930–1933. doi:10.1126/science.275.5308.1930. PMID 9072970. S2CID 22590899.
  • Gardner, Phyllis (1987). "Ion channels activated by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in plasma membrane of human T-lymphocytes". Nature. 326 (6110): 301–304. Bibcode:1987Natur.326..301K. doi:10.1038/326301a0. PMID 2434867. S2CID 4355950.
  • Gardner, Phyllis (1995). "Activation of dual T cell signaling pathways by the chemokine RANTES". Science. 269 (5231): 1727–1730. Bibcode:1995Sci...269.1727B. doi:10.1126/science.7569902. PMID 7569902.

References[edit]

  1. ^ Baila, Morgan (March 19, 2019), "Phyllis Gardner Warned Everyone About Elizabeth Holmes — But No One Listened", www.refinery29.com, retrieved May 24, 2024
  2. ^ Savidge, Nico (June 3, 2019), "She saw through Elizabeth Holmes. Now Stanford professor is star in Theranos saga.", The Mercury News, retrieved May 24, 2024
  3. ^ U.S. Attorney's Office, Northern District of California (January 4, 2022), "Theranos Founder Elizabeth Holmes Found Guilty Of Investor Fraud", www.justice.gov, United States Department of Justice, retrieved March 7, 2022
  4. ^ a b c d e CohBar Inc (February 11, 2019), "CohBar Announces the Appointment of Dr. Phyllis Gardner to its Board of Directors", GlobeNewswire News Room, retrieved May 12, 2019
  5. ^ a b "Dr. Phyllis Gardner, MD – Stanford, CA | Internal Medicine on Doximity". Doximity. Doximity, Inc. 2024. Retrieved May 24, 2024.
  6. ^ "Classes of 1970 - 1979 | Harvard Medical Alumni Association". alumni.hms.harvard.edu. June 30, 2023. Retrieved May 24, 2024.
  7. ^ "Jeremy Bentham". web.stanford.edu. 2019. Archived from the original on May 12, 2019. Retrieved May 24, 2024.
  8. ^ Gardner, Phyllis (November 27, 2002). "The proposed 'merger' of UCL and Imperial College" (PDF). UCL. Retrieved May 24, 2024.
  9. ^ a b c d Baila, Morgan. "Phyllis Gardner Warned Everyone About Elizabeth Holmes — But No One Listened". www.refinery29.com. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  10. ^ a b "WAIS - World Association for International Studies". www.everycenterofinfluence.com. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  11. ^ "Public Listing from Stanford People Search". stanfordwho.stanford.edu. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  12. ^ a b "Trading Spaces | Harvard Medicine magazine". hms.harvard.edu. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  13. ^ Gardner, Phyllis (July 10, 2003), "Prepared Statement of Phyllis Gardner, Associate Professor of Medicine, Stanford University, On Behalf of the Biotechnology Industry Organization" (PDF), Moving Research from the Bench to the Bedside : Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eighth Congress, First Session, July 10, 2003, United States Congress, pp. 48–53, archived from the original (PDF) on September 29, 2023, retrieved May 23, 2024
  14. ^ US 548083, Wong, Patrick S.-L.; Dong, Liang-Chang & Edgren, David E. et al., "Prolonged release active agent dosage form adapted for gastric retention", published 2003-04-15, assigned to Alza Corp. 
  15. ^ "The Dropout Podcast". ABC Radio. Retrieved May 14, 2019.
  16. ^ "Revance Therapeutics". www.revance.com. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  17. ^ "Parnell Appoints US-Based Independent Directors Phyllis Gardner, M.D., and David L. Greenwood to Its Board of Directors". CNBC. September 8, 2014. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  18. ^ a b "Ventaira Pharmaceuticals Announces Appointment Of Phyllis Gardner, M.D. To The Company's Board Of Directors". BioSpace. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  19. ^ "Jeffrey Flier: Elizabeth Holmes and Harvard Medical School Board of Fellows—a cautionary tale". The BMJ. April 12, 2019. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  20. ^ a b Murphy, Mary C. (2024), Cultures of Growth: How the New Science of Mindset Can Transform Individuals, Teams, and Organizations, Simon & Schuster, pp. 164–166, ISBN 978-1982172749
  21. ^ "Phyllis Gardner Warned Everyone About Elizabeth Holmes — But No One Listened". finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  22. ^ Dennin, Torsten (2023), "Chasing Unicorns: Elizabeth Holmes, Theranos, and the Disgrace of Silicon Valley", Games of Greed: Excess, Hubris, Fraud, and Theft on Main Street and Wall Street, River Grove Books, pp. 123–136, ISBN 978-1632996428
  23. ^ Abbas, Ali (2023), Ethical Decision Quality: Building an Ethical Decision Culture, Ethics International Press Limited, pp. 51–53, ISBN 978-1804412213
  24. ^ Tsang, Eric W. K. (2022), Explaining Management Phenomena: A Philosophical Treatise, Cambridge University Press, pp. 7–9, ISBN 978-1009323086
  25. ^ a b Yee, Hannah-Rose (March 25, 2019). "Elizabeth Holmes: How Stanford professor Phyllis Gardner helped bring Theranos down". Stylist. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  26. ^ "Dr. Phyllis Gardner from After the Downfall: What Elizabeth Holmes and the Theranos Team Are Up to Now". E! Online. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  27. ^ "She saw through Elizabeth Holmes. Now Stanford professor is star in Theranos saga". June 3, 2019.
  28. ^ Ramsey, Lydia (March 18, 2019). "The Stanford professor who rejected one of Elizabeth Holmes' early ideas explains what it was like to watch the rise and fall of Theranos". Business Insider. Retrieved May 12, 2019.
  29. ^ Vallelunga, Emma (March 29, 2022). "Did Dr. Phyllis Gardner Really Shut Down Elizabeth Holmes's Ideas Like in "The Dropout"?". PopSugar Entertainment. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  30. ^ Zhan, Jennifer (April 7, 2022). "How The Dropout's Actors Compare to Their Real-Life Counterparts". Vulture. Retrieved October 21, 2022.
  31. ^ Goldstein, Goelle (March 30, 2022). "Laurie Metcalf Confronts Amanda Seyfried in The Dropout Sneak Peek". People Magazine. Retrieved October 21, 2022.

External links[edit]

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