Pilauco Bajo

Pilauco
	Gomphothere models in Parque Pleistocénico de Osorno, a park inspired by the findings of Pilauco Bajo.
	Shown within Chile
Location	Southern Chile
Coordinates	40°34′12″S 73°06′14″W / 40.57000°S 73.10389°W
Type	open-air
History
Associated with	[First American Settlers]
Events	Younger Dryas impact (claimed)
Site notes
Excavation dates	2007–present
Archaeologists	Mario Pino Quivira (leader) and others
Ownership	Bienes Nacionales de Chile
Management	Austral University of Chile and Ilustre Municipalidad de Osorno
Public access	Partial

Pilauco is a paleontological and archaeological site located in the city of Osorno in Southern Chile.^[2] The site contains both human made lithic artifacts and megafauna remains–including gomphotheres.^[2] All the horizons containing megafauna and evidence of human activity date to the late Pleistocene. The calibrated radiocarbon dates indicate there was human activity in the site between 16,400 and -12,800 cal years B.P.^[2]

The site was claimed to contain evidence for the disputed Younger Dryas impact hypothesis.^[3]^[1]

Most of the stone artifacts found in Pilauco are made of volcanic rock such as dacite, rhyodacite and rhyolite from the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex immediately east in the Andes. Yet these rocks were imported by humans to the site as nearby rivers have not transported it.^[4]

Paleontology[edit]

In a 2007-2008 paleontological investigation 648 complete and fractured bones, 37 teeth, 11 coprolites, 348 wood pieces, 126 seeds, 28 skin and hair fragments were found. Further, 71 sediment samples were collected for analysis.^[5]

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b This evidence include sediment layers with charcoal and pollen assemblages both indicating major disturbances as well as rare metallic spherules, and a Pt. Au and Pd peak anomaly originating from claimed to be derivative of airbursts or impacts.Pino, Mario; Abarzúa, Ana M.; Astorga, Giselle; Martel-Cea, Alejandra; Cossio-Montecinos, Nathalie; Navarro, N. Ximena; Lira, Maria Paz; Labarca, Rafael; LeCompte, Malcolm A.; Adedeji, Victor; Moore, Christopher R.; Bunch, Ted E.; Mooney, Charles; Wolbach, Wendy S.; West, Allen; Kennett, James P. (2019). "Sedimentary record from Patagonia, southern Chile supports cosmic-impact triggering of biomass burning, climate change, and megafaunal extinctions at 12.8 ka". Nature. 9 (1): 4413. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38089-y. PMC 6416299. PMID 30867437.
^ ^a ^b ^c Navarro-Harris, X., Pino, M.; Guzmán-Marín, P. Lira, M. P. Labarca, R., Corgne, A. (2019). The procurement and use of knappable glassy volcanic raw material, Upper Pleistocene Pilauco site, Chilean Northwestern Patagonia. Geoarchaeology 1–21, DOI: 10.1002/gea.21736
^ Holliday, Vance; Surovell, Todd; Meltzer, David; Grayson, Donald; Boslough, Mark (2014-08-01). "The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis: A cosmic catastrophe". Journal of Quaternary Science. 29 (6): 515–530. Bibcode:2014JQS....29..515H. doi:10.1002/jqs.2724. S2CID 18644154.
^ Navarro-Harris, Ximena; Pino, Mario; Guzmán‐Marín, Pedro; Lira, María Paz; Labarca, Rafael; Corgne, Alexandre (2019-03-02). "The procurement and use of knappable glassy volcanic rawmaterial from the late Pleistocene Pilauco site, ChileanNorthwestern Patagonia". Geoarchaeology. 34 (5): 592–612. doi:10.1002/gea.21736.
^ "Identifican presencia humana en sitio de Pilauco Bajo". universia.cl. Universia. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

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[pinoetal2019-1] This evidence include sediment layers with charcoal and pollen assemblages both indicating major disturbances as well as rare metallic spherules, and a Pt. Au and Pd peak anomaly originating from claimed to be derivative of airbursts or impacts.Pino, Mario; Abarzúa, Ana M.; Astorga, Giselle; Martel-Cea, Alejandra; Cossio-Montecinos, Nathalie; Navarro, N. Ximena; Lira, Maria Paz; Labarca, Rafael; LeCompte, Malcolm A.; Adedeji, Victor; Moore, Christopher R.; Bunch, Ted E.; Mooney, Charles; Wolbach, Wendy S.; West, Allen; Kennett, James P. (2019). "Sedimentary record from Patagonia, southern Chile supports cosmic-impact triggering of biomass burning, climate change, and megafaunal extinctions at 12.8 ka". Nature. 9 (1): 4413. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38089-y. PMC 6416299. PMID 30867437.

[Pinoetal-2] Navarro-Harris, X., Pino, M.; Guzmán-Marín, P. Lira, M. P. Labarca, R., Corgne, A. (2019). The procurement and use of knappable glassy volcanic raw material, Upper Pleistocene Pilauco site, Chilean Northwestern Patagonia. Geoarchaeology 1–21, DOI: 10.1002/gea.21736

[3] Holliday, Vance; Surovell, Todd; Meltzer, David; Grayson, Donald; Boslough, Mark (2014-08-01). "The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis: A cosmic catastrophe". Journal of Quaternary Science. 29 (6): 515–530. Bibcode:2014JQS....29..515H. doi:10.1002/jqs.2724. S2CID 18644154.

[4] Navarro-Harris, Ximena; Pino, Mario; Guzmán‐Marín, Pedro; Lira, María Paz; Labarca, Rafael; Corgne, Alexandre (2019-03-02). "The procurement and use of knappable glassy volcanic rawmaterial from the late Pleistocene Pilauco site, ChileanNorthwestern Patagonia". Geoarchaeology. 34 (5): 592–612. doi:10.1002/gea.21736.

[5] "Identifican presencia humana en sitio de Pilauco Bajo". universia.cl. Universia. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)

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Paleontology[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]