Talk:Miao people

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Establishing a Miao people article separate from Hmong people article[edit]

This is the first step towards untangling these two probelmatically intertwined articles. I discussed the major problems with the form "Miao redirecting to Hmong people" article on the Hmong people discussion page and I will not repeat those thoughts here. Basically, I have tried to focus on the status of Miao people as a recognized nationality in China with significant reference to importance of Hmong people in this group. I have also removed much of the previous description of the terminological problems (which was basically plagarized [see Hmong people Talk page for details.]) I also removed the "Early History" section which was drawn (without reference) From Quincy History of a People. His telling of myths is now largely discredited (see Hmong people Talk page fore details.) Perhaps the section can be revamped, discussing these stories in their proper context (see Culas/Michaud "A contribution to the study of Hmong (Miao) migrations and history" in Hmong/Miao in Asia for a good discussion of these issues.) I have also trimmed out other references that were only relevant to Hmong/Mong people in the US. These should be kept on the Hmong people page (which now needs a serious reworking as well.)

I hope this is a fresh start for this information and I look forward to the contributions and improvements to come. I do hope that we all work hard to maintain balance in our presentation of these sometimes contenious issues and that we use as many citations as possible (to avoid the problems of Quincy et al.)--Nposs 07:20, 15 September 2006 (UTC)[reply]

China's last native cave dwellers are ethnic Miao people[edit]

http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSPEK16706020070215

should this be included into the article? Shamishaish

I think it would be interested to add. Nposs 19:03, 17 February 2007 (UTC)[reply]

Mistake?[edit]

以夷制夷 refers not to non-Han Chinese indigenous peoples, but to Qing dynasty's policy of playing foreign imperialist powers against each other. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.149.158.81 (talk) 03:29, 16 May 2009 (UTC)[reply]

Unreferenced claims added by IP[edit]

User Ip 98.192.162.185 has been adding random stuff into an already messy article like here [1]. I've reverted some of his edits, but there's just too many mistakes in there that i don't know how to fix it anymore. Anyone care to clean up here? --LLTimes (talk) 03:05, 23 July 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Message to unreferenced claims author[edit]

Hi, to the author with IP 98.192.162.185. If you are reading this please remember that Wikipedia is about facts and should remain relatively unbiased. I removed some parts where their were a lot of guess work involved and I would hope that you would respect the integrity of Wikipedia and find some sources for your claims before you edit this page. As said before you made a lot of random claims and many of it still remains. Bkorigins (talk) 22:46, 21 October 2010 (UTC)[reply]

Miao enclaves in 19th-century China[edit]

Some European atlases from the late 19th century show (typically) two regions within southern China, shaded differently as if they were independent from China, and marked "Miao". The best example I can find without searching is http://www.maproom.org/00/09/present.php?m=0062, where one of the orange patches is labelled "Miao-tse"; I'm sure I can find other examples. I assume that these are references to the Miao people, but I suspect that they may have more to do with European cartographers' imaginings than with the reality on the ground in China.

Anyway, would a scan of such a map be of any help here? Maproom (talk) 22:56, 7 January 2011 (UTC)[reply]

Now added. Maproom (talk) 23:07, 16 December 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Two questions on demographics[edit]

1) Is there no more recent information on the population count? 2) It's my understanding that, in the 80s and 90s, there was a trend in China whereby people began identifying with minority ethnic groups (presumably people who had abandoned that identification previously, or even generations ago) in order to take advantage of favorable policies. It may be worth making note of this, and seeing if information is available on how this manifested among Miao people specifically.Homunculus (duihua) 07:12, 3 March 2012 (UTC)[reply]

Unreliable sources[edit]

There have been to many information that came unreliable sources. Please provide references from actual academic sources.

Miao[edit]

Schein, Louisa (2000). Minority Rules: The Miao and the Feminine in China's Cultural Politics (illustrated, reprint ed.). Duke University Press. ISBN 082232444X. Retrieved 24 April 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

^[1]

http://books.google.com/books?id=GomyOthrHjUC&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=Miao+++colloquial&source=bl&ots=mW6dHR6eRA&sig=HSZnRpytQJaK9sszDoMl2Myk0ss&hl=en&sa=X&ei=o6B7UMuTMuL00gHBuICwDA&ved=0CFYQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Miao%20%20%20colloquial&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=pFYUAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA7&lpg=PA7&dq=Miao+++colloquial&source=bl&ots=6Nlm9HTCzh&sig=X-Q6fAIaZNbdcHHnMSm_n4AhU3M&hl=en&sa=X&ei=E6F7UMnUHc2I0QHtkoEY&ved=0CFEQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Miao%20%20%20colloquial&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=2E_5nR0SoXoC&pg=PA284&lpg=PA284&dq=Miao+++colloquial&source=bl&ots=eHJTZmrobt&sig=h0sZ-RjhBY8zHNpI6er05J5TrNk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=E6F7UMnUHc2I0QHtkoEY&ved=0CFwQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Miao%20%20%20colloquial&f=false

05:38, 15 October 2012 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ghressho (talk • contribs)

^[2]

http://books.google.com/books?id=ey2sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA158#v=onepage&q&f=false

Intermarriage

http://books.google.com/books?id=275mJ1s-z-AC&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=u9fygHzba5IC&pg=PA131#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=u9fygHzba5IC&pg=PA147#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=EtNVMUx9qIIC&pg=PA199#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=9ZtSe2-sr_EC&pg=PA6#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=zJTAAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12#v=onepage&q&f=false

Miao migrants in eastern Chinese coastal regions (most of them are women who moved for marriage)

http://books.google.com/books?id=9ZtSe2-sr_EC&pg=PA60#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=SKlVAy1NL4cC&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=6D49Q46JYEUC&pg=PA213#v=onepage&q&f=false

Short skirted Miao

http://books.google.com/books?id=WChrSv86uIsC&pg=PA103#v=onepage&q&f=false

Writing system

http://books.google.com/books?id=lazWAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA420#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=9-OL2kn6ewUC&pg=PA44#v=onepage&q&f=false

Page 25

http://books.google.com/books?id=YkEjAQAAMAAJ&q=Hmong+legends+tell+of+a+written+Hmong+language+that+was+forcibly+destroyed+by+the+Chinese.&dq=Hmong+legends+tell+of+a+written+Hmong+language+that+was+forcibly+destroyed+by+the+Chinese.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=TYTgU8_8IKrNsQSpxoHYCA&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA

http://books.google.com/books?id=yJ9txWojyRQC&pg=PA177#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=uRX5zMsCeNgC&pg=PA562#v=onepage&q&f=false

Rebellions

http://books.google.com/books?id=5hVBAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA346#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&pg=PA564#v=onepage&q&f=false

Pictures

http://books.google.com/books?id=dERSbK-_SNAC&pg=PA193#v=onepage&q&f=false

Poison

The Miao and Poison: Interactions on China's Southwest Frontier Norma Diamond Ethnology Vol. 27, No. 1 (Jan., 1988), pp. 1-25 Published by: University of Pittsburgh- Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education Article Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3773558

http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/p/pod/dod-idx/diamond-in-the-field-the-life-and-work-of-norma-diamond.pdf?c=mdia;idno=0522508.0016.109

http://aacs.ccny.cuny.edu/2009conference/Kristin_G_Congdon.doc

Migration

http://books.google.com/books?id=EtNVMUx9qIIC&pg=PA199&dq=The+following+two+decades+saw+Han+settlers+and+merchants+moving+steadily+into+the+Miao+territories.+Some+used+the+pretext+of+trading+a+few+goods+as+a+permanent+entrée,+eventually+acquiring+Miao+agricultural+land.31+Many+officials+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=h5w8VK-vKuzisAS5t4LQAg&ved=0CB8Q6wEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20following%20two%20decades%20saw%20Han%20settlers%20and%20merchants%20moving%20steadily%20into%20the%20Miao%20territories.%20Some%20used%20the%20pretext%20of%20trading%20a%20few%20goods%20as%20a%20permanent%20entrée%2C%20eventually%20acquiring%20Miao%20agricultural%20land.31%20Many%20officials%20...&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=j1aGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA8&dq=This+policy+gradually+drew+local+Miao+tribal+chiefs+into+the+Qing+bureaucracy.25+The+revolt+in+1795+in+Hunan+and+Guizhou+was+in+response+to+the+huge+Han+immigration+into+traditionally+Miao+areas.+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=OKU8VKXmA46_sQS4roKoAg&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=This%20policy%20gradually%20drew%20local%20Miao%20tribal%20chiefs%20into%20the%20Qing%20bureaucracy.25%20The%20revolt%20in%201795%20in%20Hunan%20and%20Guizhou%20was%20in%20response%20to%20the%20huge%20Han%20immigration%20into%20traditionally%20Miao%20areas.%20...&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=_bO5AAAAIAAJ&q=In+other+words,+the+Miao+Revolt+of+1795+can+be+seen+as+a+delayed+response+to+the+consequences+of+imperial+rule,+chiefly+the+Han+Chinese+in-migration+that+state+incorporation+had+made+possible+with+the+creation+of+new+subprefectures+at+...&dq=In+other+words,+the+Miao+Revolt+of+1795+can+be+seen+as+a+delayed+response+to+the+consequences+of+imperial+rule,+chiefly+the+Han+Chinese+in-migration+that+state+incorporation+had+made+possible+with+the+creation+of+new+subprefectures+at+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=c6U8VJ6GIZPksATpqIGwBw&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA

http://books.google.com/books?id=gma96r_rqaIC&pg=PT96&dq=Rebellions+inthe+late+eighteenth+century+in+western+Hunan,+for+example,were+brutally+suppressed;+garrisonsand+tun+tian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=86U8VPGBCoPksASZt4HIAw&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Rebellions%20inthe%20late%20eighteenth%20century%20in%20western%20Hunan%2C%20for%20example%2Cwere%20brutally%20suppressed%3B%20garrisonsand%20tun%20tian&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=bflTBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA86&dq=hunan+han+chinese+miao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5U8VP-3J9LCsATIuIGQCQ&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=hunan%20han%20chinese%20miao&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=061BAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA116&dq=hunan+han+chinese+miao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5U8VP-3J9LCsATIuIGQCQ&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=hunan%20han%20chinese%20miao&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=7GI0AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA171&dq=hunan+han+chinese+miao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5U8VP-3J9LCsATIuIGQCQ&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=hunan%20han%20chinese%20miao&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=275mJ1s-z-AC&pg=PA43&dq=hunan+han+chinese+miao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5U8VP-3J9LCsATIuIGQCQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=hunan%20han%20chinese%20miao&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=yQGlmWPQFR0C&pg=PT202&dq=hunan+han+chinese+miao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5U8VP-3J9LCsATIuIGQCQ&ved=0CDUQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=hunan%20han%20chinese%20miao&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=OQQWBMIhgXIC&pg=PA67&dq=hunan+han+chinese+miao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5U8VP-3J9LCsATIuIGQCQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=hunan%20han%20chinese%20miao&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=SKlVAy1NL4cC&pg=PA8&dq=hunan+han+chinese+miao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5U8VP-3J9LCsATIuIGQCQ&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=hunan%20han%20chinese%20miao&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=dboOAtK3Nv4C&pg=PA40&dq=hunan+han+chinese+miao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5U8VP-3J9LCsATIuIGQCQ&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=hunan%20han%20chinese%20miao&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=oZCOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA181&dq=hunan+han+chinese+miao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5U8VP-3J9LCsATIuIGQCQ&ved=0CEgQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=hunan%20han%20chinese%20miao&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=EZ0WAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA286&dq=hunan+han+chinese+miao&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i5U8VP-3J9LCsATIuIGQCQ&ved=0CE4Q6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=hunan%20han%20chinese%20miao&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=xIh0u1tw4R0C&pg=PA16&dq=In+1460,+a+Miao+tribe+in+southwest+China+capitulated+and+the+victorious+Ming+commander+ordered+the+castration+of+1565+Miao+boys.+...+after+subjugating+a+rebellious+aboriginal+people,+was+faced+with+a+surplus+of+castrated+persons.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=BbY9VJ__KfKLsQTA_IC4CA&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=In%201460%2C%20a%20Miao%20tribe%20in%20southwest%20China%20capitulated%20and%20the%20victorious%20Ming%20commander%20ordered%20the%20castration%20of%201565%20Miao%20boys.%20...%20after%20subjugating%20a%20rebellious%20aboriginal%20people%2C%20was%20faced%20with%20a%20surplus%20of%20castrated%20persons.&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&pg=PA380&dq=miao+rebellion+tribe+southwest+china+ming&hl=en&ei=yE_MTLnOIsKBlAfDw7XlCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=tyhT9SZRLS8C&pg=PA380&dq=miao+rebellion+tribe+southwest+china+ming&hl=en&ei=yE_MTLnOIsKBlAfDw7XlCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=mongol%20archers&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=mksSAQAAMAAJ&q=Grand+General+of+South-Pacifying+Post+of+the+Nation&dq=Grand+General+of+South-Pacifying+Post+of+the+Nation&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jrY9VPaECsHjsATAtIGACA&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA http://books.google.com/books?id=mksSAQAAMAAJ&q=The+title+%22Grand+General+of+South-Pacifying+Post+of+the+Nation%22+S+%26+fa+also+carries+a+given+Han+surname,+Jian+(+fij+),+which+is+currently+the+largest+Uygur+group+in+Changde.+According+to+an+expert+on+Changde+Uygurs,6+while+Jian+is+a+Uygur+...&dq=The+title+%22Grand+General+of+South-Pacifying+Post+of+the+Nation%22+S+%26+fa+also+carries+a+given+Han+surname,+Jian+(+fij+),+which+is+currently+the+largest+Uygur+group+in+Changde.+According+to+an+expert+on+Changde+Uygurs,6+while+Jian+is+a+Uygur+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=r7Y9VITWEeiMsQSB8YK4CA&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA

http://books.google.com/books?id=PjjTAAAAMAAJ&q=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&dq=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3rY9VOq-FumRsQTRi4DIBw&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA

http://books.google.com/books?id=WZMUAQAAMAAJ&q=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&dq=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3rY9VOq-FumRsQTRi4DIBw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ

http://books.google.com/books?id=EnQmAQAAIAAJ&q=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&dq=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3rY9VOq-FumRsQTRi4DIBw&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg

http://books.google.com/books?id=9IRUAAAAMAAJ&q=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&dq=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3rY9VOq-FumRsQTRi4DIBw&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw

http://books.google.com/books?id=DgDjAAAAMAAJ&q=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&dq=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&hl=en&sa=X&ei=3rY9VOq-FumRsQTRi4DIBw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBA

The Earth as transformed by human action: global and regional ... - Page 171 Billie Lee Turner - 1990 - 713 pages http://books.google.com/books?id=7GI0AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA171&dq=Given+these+incentives,+great+numbers+of+migrants+seized+upon+the+new+economic+opportunities+opening+in+Hunan.+...+As+a+result,+Han+cultivators+moved+higher+into+the+hills,+cleared+more+upland+forests,+and+squeezed+the+Miao+and+other+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Z7c9VIeMOcW1sQSl_4GYCA&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Given%20these%20incentives%2C%20great%20numbers%20of%20migrants%20seized%20upon%20the%20new%20economic%20opportunities%20opening%20in%20Hunan.%20...%20As%20a%20result%2C%20Han%20cultivators%20moved%20higher%20into%20the%20hills%2C%20cleared%20more%20upland%20forests%2C%20and%20squeezed%20the%20Miao%20and%20other%20...&f=false

The Unending Frontier: An Environmental History of the Early ... - Page 134 John F. Richards - 2006 - 682 pages http://books.google.com/books?id=i85noYD9C0EC&pg=PA134&dq=At+the+beginning+of+the+eighteenth+century,+after+several+decades+of+Qing+rule,+the+Miao+in+Guizhou+and+Hunan+faced+an+unpredictable,+...+Alternatively,+they+seized+the+lands+in+question+and+brought+in+Han+migrants+to+work+them.+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gLc9VKG3KviIsQSQuILwCA&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=At%20the%20beginning%20of%20the%20eighteenth%20century%2C%20after%20several%20decades%20of%20Qing%20rule%2C%20the%20Miao%20in%20Guizhou%20and%20Hunan%20faced%20an%20unpredictable%2C%20...%20Alternatively%2C%20they%20seized%20the%20lands%20in%20question%20and%20brought%20in%20Han%20migrants%20to%20work%20them.%20...&f=false

China, a geographical survey Thomas R. Tregear - 1980 - 372 pages http://books.google.com/books?id=oR1rnQEACAAJ&dq=This+became+especially+significant+after+the+construction+of+the+Grand+Canal.20+When+the+Han+Chinese+moved+into+the+...+This,+he+rightly+asserts,+ought+to+be+recognized+once+and+for+all.21+While+the+Miao,+Yao,+Lolo+and+many+other+groups+... http://books.google.com/books?id=kRVTpa4MWYUC&pg=PA62&dq=This+became+especially+significant+after+the+construction+of+the+Grand+Canal.+When+the+Han+Chinese+moved+into+the+Yangtze+valley+and+Szechwan,+they+found+it+far+from+unoccupied&hl=en&sa=X&ei=t7g9VJTbL-mHsQSR64KoCA&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=This%20became%20especially%20significant%20after%20the%20construction%20of%20the%20Grand%20Canal.%20When%20the%20Han%20Chinese%20moved%20into%20the%20Yangtze%20valley%20and%20Szechwan%2C%20they%20found%20it%20far%20from%20unoccupied&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=kRVTpa4MWYUC&pg=PA63&dq=This,+he+rightly+asserts,+ought+to+be+recognised+once+and+for+all.'1+While+the+Miao,+Yao,+Lolo+and+many+other+groups+of+tribes+were+hill+rovers,+existing+on+gathering+and+hunting+almost+entirely,+the+T'ai+were+the+primitive+agriculturalists+of+the+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=87g9VO6-NuXjsASD8YGYCQ&ved=0CBwQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=This%2C%20he%20rightly%20asserts%2C%20ought%20to%20be%20recognised%20once%20and%20for%20all.'1%20While%20the%20Miao%2C%20Yao%2C%20Lolo%20and%20many%20other%20groups%20of%20tribes%20were%20hill%20rovers%2C%20existing%20on%20gathering%20and%20hunting%20almost%20entirely%2C%20the%20T'ai%20were%20the%20primitive%20agriculturalists%20of%20the%20...&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=oR1rnQEACAAJ&dq=china+geographical+survey+thomas+tregear&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Bbg9VLXIM4LlsAST7ICgCQ&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ http://books.google.com/books?id=AswERAAACAAJ&dq=china+geographical+survey+thomas+tregear&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Bbg9VLXIM4LlsAST7ICgCQ&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA http://books.google.com/books?id=LnCyQgAACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Thomas+R.+Tregear%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Grk9VPDaKuSHsQSJiICwCA&ved=0CC4Q6AEwBA http://books.google.com/books?id=oR1rnQEACAAJ&dq=inauthor:%22Thomas+R.+Tregear%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Grk9VPDaKuSHsQSJiICwCA&ved=0CD8Q6AEwCA

The art of not being governed: an anarchist history of upland ... James C. Scott - 2009 - 442 pages http://books.google.com/books?id=oiLYu2-uc8IC&pg=PT160&dq=The+term+Miao+came+over+time+to+apply+rather+indiscriminately+to+almost+any+acephalous+people+on+the+frontier+of+the+Han+state—virtually+shorthand+for+“+barbarian.”+For+the+past+five+hundred+years,+under+the+Ming+and+Qing,+campaigns+for+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=fLk9VP_IIe-IsQTBqICYCA&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20term%20Miao%20came%20over%20time%20to%20apply%20rather%20indiscriminately%20to%20almost%20any%20acephalous%20people%20on%20the%20frontier%20of%20the%20Han%20state—virtually%20shorthand%20for%20“%20barbarian.”%20For%20the%20past%20five%20hundred%20years%2C%20under%20the%20Ming%20and%20Qing%2C%20campaigns%20for%20...&f=false

Cultural encounters on China's ethnic frontiers - Page 236 Stevan Harrell - 1996 - 379 pages http://books.google.com/books?id=WChrSv86uIsC&pg=PA236&dq=The+Miao+in+this+region,+generally+designated+as+Hei+Miao,+are+primarily+concentrated+along+the+upper+and+middle+course+of+the+Qing+...+came+a+tremendous+influx+of+Han,+including+soldiers,+landlords,+merchants,+and+ordinary+immigrants+,+...&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lLk9VIuBAoK1sQS9woK4CA&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=The%20Miao%20in%20this%20region%2C%20generally%20designated%20as%20Hei%20Miao%2C%20are%20primarily%20concentrated%20along%20the%20upper%20and%20middle%20course%20of%20the%20Qing%20...%20came%20a%20tremendous%20influx%20of%20Han%2C%20including%20soldiers%2C%20landlords%2C%20merchants%2C%20and%20ordinary%20immigrants%20%2C%20...&f=false

China's march toward the tropics: a discussion of the southward ... Herold Jacob Wiens - 1954 - 441 pages http://books.google.com/books?id=vXJQnQEACAAJ&dq=The+Emperor+was+so+grateful+to+Akuei+that+he+came+ten+miles+out+from+his+capital+at+Pei-ching+to+meet+the+...+After+seizing+and+occupying+the+lands+of+the+Miao+and+Yao,+Han-Chinese+were+brought+in+to+settle+and+cultivate+the+fields.+... http://books.google.com/books?id=vXJQnQEACAAJ&dq=herold+jacob+wiens+china's+march+tropics&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bk9VM_vDrDIsATnp4LQCA&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAA http://books.google.com/books?id=1PEPMwEACAAJ&dq=herold+jacob+wiens+china's+march+tropics&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bk9VM_vDrDIsATnp4LQCA&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAQ http://books.google.com/books?id=tAqLnQEACAAJ&dq=herold+jacob+wiens+china's+march+tropics&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bk9VM_vDrDIsATnp4LQCA&ved=0CDsQ6AEwBQ

Han Chinese expansion in South China Herold Jacob Wiens - 1967 http://books.google.com/books?id=2YkvnQEACAAJ&dq=herold+jacob+wiens+Han+Chinese+expansion+in+South+China&hl=en&sa=X&ei=cbs9VLeKF4LlsAST7ICgCQ&ved=0CCYQ6AEwAA

http://books.google.com/books?id=8UKTzo1UiVgC&printsec=frontcover&dq=herold+jacob+wiens+china's+march+tropics&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bk9VM_vDrDIsATnp4LQCA&ved=0CEwQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=MWxwAAAAMAAJ&q=herold+jacob+wiens+china's+march+tropics&dq=herold+jacob+wiens+china's+march+tropics&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bk9VM_vDrDIsATnp4LQCA&ved=0CEMQ6AEwBw

http://books.google.com/books?id=tClCMl7hswQC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Barbara+Watson+Andaya&hl=en&sa=X&ei=h7w9VJbJJajfsASqnILACA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Barbara%20Watson%20Andaya&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=tClCMl7hswQC&pg=PA17&dq=%C2%A0%C2%A0as+ming+authority+over+lowlands+colonization+yunnan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bw9VJ6THPWZsQS7hYKgCQ&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=%C2%A0%C2%A0as%20ming%20authority%20over%20lowlands%20colonization%20yunnan&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=HQ5KbXYhEB8C&pg=PA132&dq=%C2%A0%C2%A0as+ming+authority+over+lowlands+colonization+yunnan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bw9VJ6THPWZsQS7hYKgCQ&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%C2%A0%C2%A0as%20ming%20authority%20over%20lowlands%20colonization%20yunnan&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=oiLYu2-uc8IC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%C2%A0%C2%A0as+ming+authority+over+lowlands+colonization+yunnan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bw9VJ6THPWZsQS7hYKgCQ&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=_cQTAQAAMAAJ&q=%C2%A0%C2%A0as+ming+authority+over+lowlands+colonization+yunnan&dq=%C2%A0%C2%A0as+ming+authority+over+lowlands+colonization+yunnan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bw9VJ6THPWZsQS7hYKgCQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAw

http://books.google.com/books?id=F1AoAQAAMAAJ&q=%C2%A0%C2%A0as+ming+authority+over+lowlands+colonization+yunnan&dq=%C2%A0%C2%A0as+ming+authority+over+lowlands+colonization+yunnan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bw9VJ6THPWZsQS7hYKgCQ&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBA

http://books.google.com/books?id=6gYAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA26&dq=%C2%A0%C2%A0as+ming+authority+over+lowlands+colonization+yunnan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1bw9VJ6THPWZsQS7hYKgCQ&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=PjjTAAAAMAAJ&q=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&dq=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&hl=en&sa=X&ei=07w9VJiIKqHjsATg44KQCA&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA

http://books.google.com/books?id=WZMUAQAAMAAJ&q=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&dq=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&hl=en&sa=X&ei=07w9VJiIKqHjsATg44KQCA&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ

http://books.google.com/books?id=EnQmAQAAIAAJ&q=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&dq=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&hl=en&sa=X&ei=07w9VJiIKqHjsATg44KQCA&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg

http://books.google.com/books?id=9IRUAAAAMAAJ&q=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&dq=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&hl=en&sa=X&ei=07w9VJiIKqHjsATg44KQCA&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw

http://books.google.com/books?id=DgDjAAAAMAAJ&q=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&dq=miao+qing+dynasty+han+chinese+land+seized&hl=en&sa=X&ei=07w9VJiIKqHjsATg44KQCA&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBA

184

http://books.google.com/books?id=mksSAQAAMAAJ&q=quell+Miao+rebels+during+the+Ming+Dynasty+and+accepted+titles+from+the+emperor+who+bestowed+upon+them+their+own+land&dq=quell+Miao+rebels+during+the+Ming+Dynasty+and+accepted+titles+from+the+emperor+who+bestowed+upon+them+their+own+land&hl=en&sa=X&ei=lc89VIOCAviAsQS574HACA&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA http://books.google.com/books?id=mksSAQAAMAAJ&q=According+to+the+local+account+shared+among+township+residents,+Uygur+ancestors+were+called+by+the+emperor+to+the+region+to+quell+Miao+rebels+during+the+Ming+Dynasty+and+accepted+titles+from+the+emperor+who+bestowed+upon+them+their+own+land.+The+title+%22Grand+General+of+South-Pacifying+Post+of+the+Nation%22+S+%26+fa+also+carries+a+given+Han+surname,+Jian+(+fij+),+which+is+currently+the+largest+Uygur+group+in+Changde.+According+to+an+expert+on+Changde+Uygurs,6+while+Jian+is+a+Uygur&dq=According+to+the+local+account+shared+among+township+residents,+Uygur+ancestors+were+called+by+the+emperor+to+the+region+to+quell+Miao+rebels+during+the+Ming+Dynasty+and+accepted+titles+from+the+emperor+who+bestowed+upon+them+their+own+land.+The+title+%22Grand+General+of+South-Pacifying+Post+of+the+Nation%22+S+%26+fa+also+carries+a+given+Han+surname,+Jian+(+fij+),+which+is+currently+the+largest+Uygur+group+in+Changde.+According+to+an+expert+on+Changde+Uygurs,6+while+Jian+is+a+Uygur&hl=en&sa=X&ei=W9Q9VLzPKrfesATE94CwCA&ved=0CB4Q6AEwAA

http://books.google.com/books?ei=ly6BTpf0Hufl0QHSuuiEAQ&ct=result&id=mksSAQAAMAAJ&dq=jian+uygur+miao+surname&q=jian+surname

http://books.google.com/books?ei=iy-BTuLcC8nX0QGhrYGkAQ&ct=result&id=mksSAQAAMAAJ&dq=quell+Miao+rebels+during+the+Ming+Dynasty+and+accepted+titles+from+the+emperor+who+bestowed+upon+them+their+own+land&q=quell+

http://www.xinjiang.gov.cn/10018/10008/00013/2006/35270.htm http://www.sourcejuice.com/1412458/2010/12/30/Harmony-happiness-mind-Uighurs-living-Taoyuan-County/ http://www.sourcejuice.com/1417858/2010/12/30/armon%C3%ADa-felicidad-mente-los-uigures-viven-Condado-Taoyuan/es/

jian bozan taoyuan http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTotal-ZYMD200703005.htm http://syr-pic.com/archives/7713.htm http://wiki.china.org.cn/wiki/index.php/Jian_Bozan http://lishi.huisongshu.com/en.php/HisMain/11650 http://lishi.huisongshu.com/en.php/HisMain/4210 http://books.google.com/books?id=PnsjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA151&lpg=PA151&dq=jian+bozan+taoyuan&source=bl&ots=miLj_K8hnS&sig=pxoh8k5ahp2O1b2sRmfpnr3RJ8E&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6dQ9VOnPHfaZsQSn_YGYCA&ved=0CC0Q6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=jian%20bozan%20taoyuan&f=false http://www.like-news.us/?i382779-Changde-Municipal-Meteorological-Bureau-Youth-League-branch-organizations-to-visit-the-former-residence-Jian-Bozan http://books.google.com/books?id=T5-4zOdHKOIC&pg=PA125&lpg=PA125&dq=jian+bozan+taoyuan&source=bl&ots=8ymiOlSgmu&sig=LTw6NPTvL4iuU93HuhH3fUWt9L4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=6dQ9VOnPHfaZsQSn_YGYCA&ved=0CDMQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=jian%20bozan%20taoyuan&f=false http://www.wantinews.com/news-8357104-Changde-Municipal-Meteorological-Bureau-Youth-League-branch-organizations-to-visit-the-former-residence-Jian-Bozan.html

References

^ Schein, Louisa (2000). Minority Rules: The Miao and the Feminine in China's Cultural Politics (illustrated, reprint ed.). Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 082232444X. Retrieved 24 April 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
^ Kinkley, Jeffrey C. (1987). The Odyssey of Shen Congwen (illustrated ed.). Stanford University Pressurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=ey2sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA158#v=onepage&q&f=false. p. 158. ISBN 0804713723. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)

By county County-level distribution of the Miao[edit]

Please add info from http://www.360doc.com/content/12/1111/16/3218641_247217132.shtm --Kaiyr (talk) 11:43, 3 April 2013 (UTC)[reply]

Miao/Hmong clans and lineages founded by Han[edit]

Many Miao/Hmong clans and lineages were founded by Han Chinese men who married Hmong women

A great number of Hmong lineage clans were foundd by Chinese men who married Hmong women, these distinct Chinese descended clans practice Chinese burial customs instead of Hmong style burials.^[1]

The Hmong children of Hmong women who married Chinese men was the origin of numerous China and South East Asia based Hmong lineages and clans, these were called "Chinese Hmong" ("Hmong Sua") in Sichuan, the Hmong were instructed in military tactics by fugitive Chinese rebels. ^[2]

Marriages between Hmong women and Han Chinese men is the origin of alot of Hmong lineages and clans.^[3]^[4]

Hmong women married Han Chinese men to found new Hmong lineages which use Chinese names.^[5]

Chinese men who married into Hmong clans have established more Hmong clans than the ritual twelve, Chinese "surname groups" are comparable to the Hmong clans which are patrilineal, and practice exogamy. ^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[6]

Hmong women married Han Chinese men who pacified Ah rebels who were fighting against the Ming dynasty, and founded the Wang clan among the Hmong in Gongxian county, of Sichuan's Yibin district.^[10]^[4]

Hmong women who married Chinese men founded a new Xem clan in a Hmong villlage (among Northern Thailand's Hmong), fifty years later in Chiangmai two of their Hmong boy descendants were Catholics.^[11] A Hmong woman and a Chinese man married and founded the Lauj clan in Northern Thailand.^[11]

A marriage between a Hmong woman and a Chinese man resulted in northern Thailand's Lau2 clan being founded, another Han Chinese with the family name Deng founded another Hmong clan, Han Chinese men's marriages with Hmong women has led some ethnographers to conclude that Hmong clans in the modern era have possible all or partly have been founded in this matter.^[12]

Jiangxi Han Chinese are claimed as the forefathers of the southeast Guizhou Miao, and Miao children were born to the many Miao women married Han Chinese soldiers in Taijiang in Guizhou before the second half of the 19th century..^[13]

Imperially comissioned Han Chinese chieftancies "gon native", with the Miao and were the ancestors of a part of the Miao population in Guizhou.^[14]

The Hmong Tian clan in Sizhou began in the seventh century as a migrant Han Chinese clan.^[15]

Non-han women such as Miao women became wives of Han Chinese male soldiers who fought against the Miao rebellions during the Qing and Ming dynasties since Han women were not available.^[16]^[17]^[18]

The Ming dynasty Hongwu Emperor sent troops to Guizhou whose descendants became the Tunbao.^[19] The origin of the Tunbao people traces back to when the Ming dynasty sent 300,000 Han Chinese male soldiers in 1381 to conquer Yunnan and the men married Yao and Miao women. ^[20]

The prescence of women presiding over weddings was a feature noted in "Southeast Asian" marriages, such as in 1667 when a Miao woman in Yunnan married a Chinese official.^[21] Some Sinicization occurred, in Yunnan a Miao chief's daughter married a scholar in the 1600s who wrote that she could read, write, and listen in Chinese and read Chinese classics.^[22]

The Sichuan Hmong village of Wangu was visited by Nicholas Tapp who wrote that the "clan ancestral origin legend" of the had the Wang Hmong clan, had said that several times they were married into be a Han Chinese and possibly one of these was their ancestor Wang Wu, there were two tpes of Hmong, "cooked" who sided with Chinese and "raw" who rebelled against the Chinese, the Chinese wre supported by the Wang Hmong clan.^[2] A Hmong woman was married by the non-Hmong Wang Wu according to The Story of the Ha Kings in Wangwu village.^[23]

Page 169

In the same way, two Catholic Hmong boys studying in Chiangmai came from a small Xem clan, formed fifty years previously after some Chinese had come to a Hmong village and married Hmong women. In contrast to Geddes' opinion (1976, ...

Page 93

American immigrant cultures: builders of a nation - Page 391 https://books.google.com/books?id=cYgYAAAAIAAJ&q=hmong+founded+by+in+marrying+chinese+males.+within+the+clans+the+lineage+is+the+basis+of+hmong+social&dq=hmong+founded+by+in+marrying+chinese+males.+within+the+clans+the+lineage+is+the+basis+of+hmong+social&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1kKb5vqfJAhUC2T4KHTwDBlAQ6AEILzAE

https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0028972147 David Levinson, ‎Melvin Ember - 1997 - ‎Snippet view - ‎More editions Craft Production and Performing Arts. The Hmong were skilled silversmiths and craftsmen in their homeland, and many ... In the larger cities, stores selling Hmong crafts have been established and have had some success, although there also is ... Men married between the ages of eighteen and thirty, women between the ages of fourteen and eighteen. ... but within traditional families, lineages, subclans, and other social relationships that people brought with them as they migrated.

Ethnography in the San Francisco Bay Area - Volume 1 - Page 50 https://books.google.com/books?id=EX9uAAAAMAAJ&q=hmong+founded+by+in+marrying+chinese+males.+within+the+clans+the+lineage+is+the+basis+of+hmong+social&dq=hmong+founded+by+in+marrying+chinese+males.+within+the+clans+the+lineage+is+the+basis+of+hmong+social&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1kKb5vqfJAhUC2T4KHTwDBlAQ6AEINTAF

https://books.google.com/books?id=EX9uAAAAMAAJ 1994 - ‎Snippet view - ‎More editions https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&tbm=bks&q=editions:Ip3ksf6CQ4EC&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1kKb5vqfJAhUC2T4KHTwDBlAQmBYINzAF Yang writes: "The social organization of the Hmong is the reflection of a mentality which remains, across the ages, ... Dunnigan (1982) delineates three basic organizing principles of Hmong society: descent (lineages, clans); affinity (marriage alliances); ... The following discussion recognizes these principles within a description of Hmong clans, lineages, families, and ... Hmong in the U.S. have started small businesses such as grocery stores, car repair shops and restaurants with clan ...

The Hmong of Thailand: opium people of the Golden Triangle - Page 11 https://books.google.com/books?id=fPNuAAAAMAAJ&q=hmong+founded+by+in+marrying+chinese+males.+within+the+clans+the+lineage+is+the+basis+of+hmong+social&dq=hmong+founded+by+in+marrying+chinese+males.+within+the+clans+the+lineage+is+the+basis+of+hmong+social&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj1kKb5vqfJAhUC2T4KHTwDBlAQ6AEIOTAG

https://books.google.com/books?id=fPNuAAAAMAAJ Nicholas Tapp - 1986 - ‎Snippet view - ‎More editions Paradoxically, too, the further the Hmong were forced to retreat into such marginal zones of refuge the more they came to ... This is in large part due to the egalitarian nature of their social organization which is based on the lack of permanent ... The Hmong are divided into a number of patrilineal clans some bearing the same name as those of some of the Chinese surname-groups (Lee, Wang etc.). These clans are exogamous, and provide the basis of kinship and political organization.

03:01, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

http://books.google.com/books?id=9ZtSe2-sr...ter&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=9ZtSe2-sr_EC&pg=PA70&dq=hmong+marriage++han+america&hl=en&ei=zk2BTprWEMX00gHJk71w&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA

http://books.google.com/books?id=9ZtSe2-sr...ion&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=9ZtSe2-sr_EC&pg=PA70&dq=hmong+marriage++han+america&hl=en&ei=zk2BTprWEMX00gHJk71w&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA

http://books.google.com/books?id=9ZtSe2-sr...ina&f=false http://books.google.com/books?id=9ZtSe2-sr_EC&pg=PA70&dq=hmong+marriage+china&hl=en&ei=OkaBTqehNcXk0QH_5KGSAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAw

marrying a Hmong co-ethnic, and hence, in a certain sense, remaining within her "community" at the global scale. So great are these motivators for Hmong/Miao women in China and their families that a great deal of mobilization has gone

No sooner have they reached the homeland than Hmong male visitors seem to find themselves tenderly hosted by young, attractive women usually speaking their language, catering to their needs, and often willing to sleep with them

A first consideration is clan membership. While Hmong American travelers may seek out "relatives" with the same surname as hosts, codes of clan exogamy absolutely forbid, as incest, any sextial or marital relationship between clan members

http://books.google.com/books?id=RZ5GAAAAM...ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA http://books.google.com/books?id=RZ5GAAAAMAAJ&q=flirtatious+conversation+with+women;+there+is+a+recurrent+scene+of+the+ball+toss,+a+traditional+courtship+game,+except+now+it+is+between+local+young+women+and+middle-aged,+trenchcoated+Hmong+American+men.&dq=flirtatious+conversation+with+women;+there+is+a+recurrent+scene+of+the+ball+toss,+a+traditional+courtship+game,+except+now+it+is+between+local+young+women+and+middle-aged,+trenchcoated+Hmong+American+men.&hl=en&ei=klCBTqKfGdTF0AHw8qWsAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAA

flirtatious conversation with women; there is a recurrent scene of the ball toss, a traditional courtship game, except now it is between local young women and middle-aged, trenchcoated Hmong American men.

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/17/world/as...umantrafficking http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/17/world/asia/17vietnam.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&ref=humantrafficking

References

^ Stephan Feuchtwang (2004). Making Place: State Projects, Globalisation and Local Responses in China. Psychology Press. pp. 141–. ISBN 978-1-84472-010-1.
^ ^a ^b Nicholas Tapp (2001). The Hmong of China: Context, Angency, and the Imaginary. BRILL. pp. 204–. ISBN 0-391-04187-8. Cite error: The named reference "Tapp2001" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ Tao Tao Liu; David Faure (1996). Unity and Diversity: Local Cultures and Identities in China. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-962-209-402-4.
^ ^a ^b Tao Tao Liu; David Faure (1 March 1996). Unity and Diversity: Local Cultures and Identities in China. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-962-209-402-4. Cite error: The named reference "LiuFaure1996" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ Nicholas Tapp (2010). The Impossibility of Self: An Essay on the Hmong Diaspora. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 100–. ISBN 978-3-643-10258-4.
^ ^a ^b Narendra Singh Bisht; T. S. Bankoti (1 March 2004). Encyclopaedia of the South East Asian Ethnography. Global Vision Publishing House. pp. 243–. ISBN 978-81-87746-96-6. Cite error: The named reference "BishtBankoti2004" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ David Levinson (1993). Encyclopedia of world cultures. G.K. Hall. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-8168-8840-5.
^ Timothy J. O'Leary (1991). Encyclopedia of world cultures: North America. Hall. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-8168-8840-5.
^ Melvin Ember; Carol R. Ember (1999). Cultures of the world: selections from the ten-volume encyclopedia of world cultures. Macmillan Library Reference. p. 252.
^ Tao Tao Liu; David Faure (1996). Unity and Diversity: Local Cultures and Identities in China. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 86–. ISBN 978-962-209-402-4.
^ ^a ^b Nicholas Tapp (1989). Sovereignty and Rebellion: The White Hmong of Northern Thailand. Oxford University Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-19-588912-3. Cite error: The named reference "Tapp1989" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
^ Asian Folklore Studies. Nanzan University Institute of Anthropology. 2002. p. 93.
^ Mark Bender (10 March 2006). Butterfly Mother: Miao (Hmong) Creation Epics from Guizhou, China. Hackett Publishing. pp. xvii–. ISBN 1-60384-335-3.
^ Mark Elvin (1 October 2008). The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China. Yale University Press. pp. 216–. ISBN 978-0-300-13353-0.
^ Spreading the Dao, Managing Mastership, and Performing Salvation: The Life and Alchemical Teachings of Chen Zhixu. ProQuest. 2008. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-0-549-44283-7.
^ Louisa Schein (2000). Minority Rules: The Miao and the Feminine in China's Cultural Politics. Duke University Press. pp. 61–. ISBN 0-8223-2444-X.
^ Susan Brownell; Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom (1 January 2002). Chinese Femininities, Chinese Masculinities: A Reader. University of California Press. pp. 392–. ISBN 978-0-520-21103-2.
^ Brackette Williams (2 December 2013). Women Out of Place: The Gender of Agency and the Race of Nationality. Routledge. pp. 98–. ISBN 978-1-135-23476-8.
^ "Tunbao people spring preformance". English--People's Daily Online. UPDATED: 14:20, February 27, 2005. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
^ James Stuart Olson (1 January 1998). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 340–. ISBN 978-0-313-28853-1.
^ Barbara Watson Andaya (2006). The Flaming Womb: Repositioning Women in Early Modern Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 205–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2955-1.
^ Barbara Watson Andaya (2006). The Flaming Womb: Repositioning Women in Early Modern Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 20–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2955-1.
^ Nicholas Tapp (2001). The Hmong of China: Context, Angency, and the Imaginary. BRILL. pp. 327–. ISBN 0-391-04187-8.

Miao descent from Chiyou is just a legend with no proof[edit]

See this

Commentary: Challenges and Complexity in the Re-Construction of Hmong History By Kou Yang California State University, Stanislaus Hmong Studies Journal, Volume 10, 17 pages

http://hmongstudies.org/YangHSJ10.pdf

04:13, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

Affirmative action[edit]

Miao Rebellion (1735–36) and Miao Rebellion (1795–1806)

http://books.google.com/books?id=j05GzmC_zrcC&pg=PA169&dq=quota+miao+examinations&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xMbpUsbLNtOksQTX44HAAQ&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=quota%20miao%20examinations&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=sfesAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA123&dq=quota+miao+examinations&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xMbpUsbLNtOksQTX44HAAQ&ved=0CCgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=quota%20miao%20examinations&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=OQQWBMIhgXIC&pg=PA43&dq=quota+miao+examinations&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xMbpUsbLNtOksQTX44HAAQ&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=quota%20miao%20examinations&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=9pu_AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA51&dq=quota+miao+examinations&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xMbpUsbLNtOksQTX44HAAQ&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=quota%20miao%20examinations&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=061BAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA111&dq=quota+miao+examinations&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xMbpUsbLNtOksQTX44HAAQ&ved=0CD4Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=quota%20miao%20examinations&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=8UKTzo1UiVgC&pg=PA116&dq=quota+miao+examinations&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-8jpUpKTOtW0sQTirYH4AQ&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCTgK#v=onepage&q=quota%20miao%20examinations&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=cpfgQNWXpyoC&pg=PA204&dq=quota+miao+examinations&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-8jpUpKTOtW0sQTirYH4AQ&ved=0CCcQ6AEwADgK#v=onepage&q=quota%20miao%20examinations&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=6qeC_0u3pLIC&pg=PA105&dq=quota+miao+examinations&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xMbpUsbLNtOksQTX44HAAQ&ved=0CFoQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=quota%20miao%20examinations&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=VRSXz25X5P8C&pg=PA424&dq=quota+miao+examinations&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xMbpUsbLNtOksQTX44HAAQ&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=quota%20miao%20examinations&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=KN7Awmzx2PAC&pg=PA103&dq=quota+miao+examinations&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xMbpUsbLNtOksQTX44HAAQ&ved=0CFQQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=quota%20miao%20examinations&f=false

http://books.google.com/books?id=ybAaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA54&dq=quota+miao+examinations+leibold&hl=en&sa=X&ei=isnpUsnVCcjJsQSixoLQCg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA

They were also proposed for aboriginals in Taiwan

http://books.google.com/books?id=g3oWoSKVnVIC&pg=PA375&dq=quota+miao+examinations&hl=en&sa=X&ei=-8jpUpKTOtW0sQTirYH4AQ&ved=0CEAQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q=quota%20miao%20examinations&f=false

Rajmaan (talk) 02:40, 14 July 2014 (UTC)[reply]

Hmong ethnonym[edit]

Vietnamese: Meo or H'Mông; Thai: แม้ว (Maew) or ม้ง (Mong)

Removed this because the Hmong is only a subgroup of the miao nationality. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Altaina18 (talk • contribs) 12:36, 10 March 2015 (UTC)[reply]

Nationalism and separatism[edit]

Please add about Miao Nationalism and separatism--Kaiyr (talk) 07:35, 15 May 2018 (UTC)[reply]

There has been no noticable display of nationalism or separatism. Not every group wants to tear the world apart. Aceus0shrifter (talk) 20:55, 29 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

I am not sure whether Miao should be split from Hmong people, but certainly they have not established a state though there were a number of frequent rebellions during 15-18 centuries. Chinese scholars view Miao the same as Hmong people and Hmong, Maod, Malanx as well as the antique Mo (possibly "Man(蛮，barbarian)" in ancient Chinese) are all what they call themselves. A report suggests the government should enhance their identity as Miao people while the west views Miao people as an imposed identity on these people. Some other sources show though they rebelled against the gov in 1930-1950, they still named themselves as the army to resist Japan and save China(抗日救国军). In a conclusion, Miao's identity as Miao people is still weak and theirs action seems to cease. OuiOK (talk) 06:31, 8 November 2019 (UTC)[reply]

Scope of this article is unclear[edit]

What exactly is included in this article? It begins with "The Miao is an ethnic group belonging to South China, and is recognized by the government of China as one of the 55 official minority groups." Yet much of its content is about Hmong groups in SE Asia who don't identify with the term "Miao". As there is already a stand alone article on Hmong people, some sections should be moved there. Esiymbro (talk) 08:59, 8 January 2019 (UTC)[reply]

貓[edit]

Wasn't 貓 (with dog radical on left) formerly used in Chinese to refer to the Miao people, before the standardization of 苗? 173.88.246.138 (talk) 22:42, 20 June 2020 (UTC)[reply]

Silver and timber[edit]

In chapter 1 of Empires of Silver, it is said that, sometime during the Qing dynasty, the Miao were self-sufficient. When the Chinese population expanded enormously due to the prosperity enabled by international trade, the Han entered further inland to acquire timber. They traded with the Miao and the only commodity they would take in exchange of timber would be silver. Hence, the Han traders provided the Miao with silver from the Manila Galleon and this is the origin of Miao silver craft.

Is it so? Can you include it into the article? Currently the article does not mention any increased contact with the Han or when the silver craft was adopted. --Error (talk) 18:27, 1 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

[1] Schein, Louisa (2000). Minority Rules: The Miao and the Feminine in China's Cultural Politics (illustrated, reprint ed.). Duke University Press. p. 85. ISBN 082232444X. Retrieved 24 April 2014. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

[2] Kinkley, Jeffrey C. (1987). The Odyssey of Shen Congwen (illustrated ed.). Stanford University Pressurl=http://books.google.com/books?id=ey2sAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA158#v=onepage&q&f=false. p. 158. ISBN 0804713723. {{cite book}}: |access-date= requires |url= (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)

[Feuchtwang2004-3] Stephan Feuchtwang (2004). Making Place: State Projects, Globalisation and Local Responses in China. Psychology Press. pp. 141–. ISBN 978-1-84472-010-1.

[Tapp2001-4] Nicholas Tapp (2001). The Hmong of China: Context, Angency, and the Imaginary. BRILL. pp. 204–. ISBN 0-391-04187-8. Cite error: The named reference "Tapp2001" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[5] Tao Tao Liu; David Faure (1996). Unity and Diversity: Local Cultures and Identities in China. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-962-209-402-4.

[LiuFaure1996-6] Tao Tao Liu; David Faure (1 March 1996). Unity and Diversity: Local Cultures and Identities in China. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 88–. ISBN 978-962-209-402-4. Cite error: The named reference "LiuFaure1996" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[Tapp2010-7] Nicholas Tapp (2010). The Impossibility of Self: An Essay on the Hmong Diaspora. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 100–. ISBN 978-3-643-10258-4.

[BishtBankoti2004-8] Narendra Singh Bisht; T. S. Bankoti (1 March 2004). Encyclopaedia of the South East Asian Ethnography. Global Vision Publishing House. pp. 243–. ISBN 978-81-87746-96-6. Cite error: The named reference "BishtBankoti2004" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[Levinson1993-9] David Levinson (1993). Encyclopedia of world cultures. G.K. Hall. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-8168-8840-5.

[O'Leary1991-10] Timothy J. O'Leary (1991). Encyclopedia of world cultures: North America. Hall. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-8168-8840-5.

[EmberEmber1999-11] Melvin Ember; Carol R. Ember (1999). Cultures of the world: selections from the ten-volume encyclopedia of world cultures. Macmillan Library Reference. p. 252.

[12] Tao Tao Liu; David Faure (1996). Unity and Diversity: Local Cultures and Identities in China. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 86–. ISBN 978-962-209-402-4.

[Tapp1989-13] Nicholas Tapp (1989). Sovereignty and Rebellion: The White Hmong of Northern Thailand. Oxford University Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-19-588912-3. Cite error: The named reference "Tapp1989" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).

[14] Asian Folklore Studies. Nanzan University Institute of Anthropology. 2002. p. 93.

[Bender2006-15] Mark Bender (10 March 2006). Butterfly Mother: Miao (Hmong) Creation Epics from Guizhou, China. Hackett Publishing. pp. xvii–. ISBN 1-60384-335-3.

[Elvin2008-16] Mark Elvin (1 October 2008). The Retreat of the Elephants: An Environmental History of China. Yale University Press. pp. 216–. ISBN 978-0-300-13353-0.

[17] Spreading the Dao, Managing Mastership, and Performing Salvation: The Life and Alchemical Teachings of Chen Zhixu. ProQuest. 2008. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-0-549-44283-7.

[Schein2000-18] Louisa Schein (2000). Minority Rules: The Miao and the Feminine in China's Cultural Politics. Duke University Press. pp. 61–. ISBN 0-8223-2444-X.

[BrownellWasserstrom2002-19] Susan Brownell; Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom (1 January 2002). Chinese Femininities, Chinese Masculinities: A Reader. University of California Press. pp. 392–. ISBN 978-0-520-21103-2.

[Williams2013-20] Brackette Williams (2 December 2013). Women Out of Place: The Gender of Agency and the Race of Nationality. Routledge. pp. 98–. ISBN 978-1-135-23476-8.

[21] "Tunbao people spring preformance". English--People's Daily Online. UPDATED: 14:20, February 27, 2005. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

[Olson1998-22] James Stuart Olson (1 January 1998). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 340–. ISBN 978-0-313-28853-1.

[Andaya2006-23] Barbara Watson Andaya (2006). The Flaming Womb: Repositioning Women in Early Modern Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 205–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2955-1.

[24] Barbara Watson Andaya (2006). The Flaming Womb: Repositioning Women in Early Modern Southeast Asia. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 20–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2955-1.

[25] Nicholas Tapp (2001). The Hmong of China: Context, Angency, and the Imaginary. BRILL. pp. 327–. ISBN 0-391-04187-8.

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