Visa requirements for Maltese citizens

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Visa requirements for Maltese citizens are administrative entry restrictions imposed by the authorities of foreign states on citizens of Malta. As of January 2024, Maltese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access (including eTAs) to 190 countries and territories, ranking the Maltese passport 5th in the world (tied with Greek, and Swiss passports in terms of travel freedom according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map[edit]

Visa requirements for Maltese citizens
  Malta
  Freedom of movement
  Visa free
  Visa issued upon arrival
  eVisa
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required prior to arrival

Visa requirements[edit]

Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees)
 Afghanistan Visa required[2]
 Albania Visa not required[3] 90 days
 Algeria Visa required[4]
 Andorra Visa not required[5]
 Angola Visa not required[6] 30 days
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[7] 3 months
 Argentina Visa not required[8] 90 days
 Armenia Visa not required[9] 180 days
 Australia eVisitor[10] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted
 Austria Visa not required[11]
 Azerbaijan eVisa[12] 30 days[13]
 Bahamas Visa not required[14] 3 months
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[15] 14 days
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[16] 30 days
 Barbados Visa not required[17] 3 months
 Belarus Visa not required[18] 30 days
 Belgium Visa not required[19]
 Belize Visa not required[20] 1 month
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[21][22] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 Bhutan Visa required[23]
 Bolivia Visa on arrival[24] 90 days
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[25] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
  • ID card valid
 Botswana Visa not required[26] 90 days
 Brazil Visa not required[27] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Brunei Visa not required[28] 90 days
 Bulgaria Visa not required[29]
 Burkina Faso Visa on arrival[30] 1 month
 Burundi Visa required[31][32]
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[33] 30 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.[34]
 Cameroon Visa required[35]
 Canada Visa not required[36] 6 months
 Cape Verde Visa not required[39] 30 days
  • Must register online at least five days prior to arrival.[40]
 Central African Republic Visa required[41]
 Chad Visa required[42]
 Chile Visa not required[43] 90 days
 China Visa required[44]
 Colombia Visa not required[46] 180 days
  • 90 days - extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period
 Comoros Visa on arrival[47]
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[48]
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[49]
 Costa Rica Visa not required[50] 90 days
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[51] 3 months
 Croatia Visa not required[52]
 Cuba Tourist Card required[53]
 Cyprus Visa not required[54]
 Czech Republic Visa not required[55]
 Denmark Visa not required[56]
  • Freedom of movement (DK)
  • ID card valid
 Djibouti eVisa[57] 31 days
 Dominica Visa not required[58] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[59] 90 days
 Ecuador Visa not required[60] 90 days
 Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[61][62] 30 days
 El Salvador Visa not required[63] 3 months
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[64]
 Eritrea Visa required[65]
 Estonia Visa not required[66]
 Eswatini Visa not required[67] 30 days
 Ethiopia eVisa[68] up to 90 days
 Fiji Visa not required[69] 4 months
 Finland Visa not required[70]
 France Visa not required[71]
 Gabon eVisa / Visa on arrival[72] 90 days
 Gambia Visa not required[74] 90 days
 Georgia Visa not required[75]
 Germany Visa not required[76]
 Ghana Visa required[77]
 Greece Visa not required[78]
 Grenada Visa not required[79] 3 months
 Guatemala Visa not required[80] 90 days
 Guinea eVisa[81] 90 days
 Guinea-Bissau Visa on arrival[82] 90 days
 Guyana Visa required[83]
 Haiti Visa not required[84] 90 days
 Honduras Visa not required[85] 3 months
 Hungary Visa not required[86]
 Iceland Visa not required[87]
 India e-Visa[88] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][89]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa may only be obtained twice within 1 calendar year.[citation needed]
  • Foreigners of Pakistani origin or who hold a Pakistani Passport are not eligible for an e-Visa. Foreigners who are not Pakistani nationals, but whose parents or grandparents (either paternal or maternal) were born in, or were permanent residents in Pakistan, are also not eligible for an e-Visa.[90]
 Indonesia Visa on arrival[91] 30 days
  • Not available at all entry points.
 Iran eVisa[92] 30 days[93]
 Iraq Visa on arrival[94] 60 days
 Ireland Visa not required[95]
 Israel Visa not required[96] 3 months
 Italy Visa not required[97]
 Jamaica Visa not required[98]
 Japan Visa not required[99] 90 days
 Jordan Free visa on arrival[100]
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[102] 30 days[103]
 Kenya Electronic Travel Authorisation[104] 3 months
 Kiribati Visa not required[105] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 North Korea Visa required[106]
 South Korea Visa not required[107] 90 days
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[108] 3 months
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[109] 60 days
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[110][111] 30 days
 Latvia Visa not required[115]
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[116] 1 month
  • Extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 Lesotho Visa not required[117]
 Liberia Visa required[118]
 Libya Visa required[119]
 Liechtenstein Visa not required[120]
 Lithuania Visa not required[121]
 Luxembourg Visa not required[122]
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[123] 90 days
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[124][125] 90 days
 Malaysia Visa not required[126] 30 days
 Maldives Visa on arrival[127] 30 days
 Mali Visa required[128]
 Marshall Islands Visa not required[129] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[130]
 Mauritius Visa not required[131] 90 days
 Mexico Visa not required[132] 180 days
 Micronesia Visa not required[133] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Moldova Visa not required[134] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Monaco Visa not required[135]
 Mongolia Visa on arrival[136] 30 days
 Montenegro Visa not required[137] 90 days
 Morocco Visa not required[138] 90 days
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[139] 30 days
 Myanmar eVisa[140] 28 days
 Namibia Visa required[141]
 Nauru Visa required[142]
   Nepal Visa on arrival[143] 90 days
 Netherlands Visa not required[144]
 New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[145] 3 months
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[146]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[147] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[146]
 Nicaragua Visa not required[148] 90 days
 Niger Visa required[149]
 Nigeria Visa required[150]
 North Macedonia Visa not required[151] 90 days
 Norway Visa not required[152]
 Oman eVisa[153] 30 days
 Pakistan Electronic Travel Authorization[154]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes[155]
  • Electronic Travel Authorization to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes[156]
  • Online Visa eligible[157]
 Palau Visa not required[158] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Panama Visa not required[159] 180 days
 Papua New Guinea eVisa[160] 60 days
 Paraguay Visa not required[161] 90 days
 Peru Visa not required[158] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period[162]
 Philippines Visa not required[163] 30 days
 Poland Visa not required[164]
 Portugal Visa not required[165]
 Qatar Visa not required[166] 90 days
 Romania Visa not required[167]
 Russia eVisa[168] 16 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive and departure via 29 checkpoints[169]
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[170] 30 days
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[171] 3 months
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[172] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[173] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Samoa Visa not required[174] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 San Marino Visa not required[175]
 São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[176] 15 days
 Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[177][178] 90 days
 Senegal Visa not required[179] 90 days
 Serbia Visa not required[180] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
  • ID card valid
 Seychelles Visa not required[181] 3 months
 Sierra Leone Visa on arrival[182]
 Singapore Visa not required[183] 90 days
 Slovakia Visa not required[184]
 Slovenia Visa not required[185]
 Solomon Islands Visa not required[186] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Somalia Visa on arrival[187]
 South Africa Visa not required[188] 90 days
 South Sudan Electronic Visa[189]
  • Obtainable online[190]
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[190]
 Spain Visa not required[191]
 Sri Lanka eVisa / Visa on arrival[192] 30 days
 Sudan Visa required[193]
 Suriname E-tourist card[194] 90 days
  • Multiple entry eVisa is also available.[195]
 Sweden Visa not required[196]
  Switzerland Visa not required[197]
 Syria Visa required[63]
 Tajikistan Visa on arrival[198] 45 days
 Tanzania Visa not required[200] 90 days
 Thailand Visa on arrival[201] 15 days
 Timor-Leste Visa not required[202] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Togo Visa on arrival[203] 7 days
 Tonga Visa not required[204] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[205] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Tunisia Visa not required[206] 3 months
 Turkey Visa not required[208] 90 days
 Turkmenistan Visa required[210]
 Tuvalu Visa not required[211] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Uganda Visa not required[212] 3 months
 Ukraine Visa not required[214] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 United Arab Emirates Visa not required[215] 90 days
 United Kingdom Visa not required[218] 6 months
 United States Visa Waiver Program[220] 90 days
  • On arrival from overseas; ESTA (valid for 2 years when issued) required if arriving by air or cruise ship.[221]
 Uruguay Visa not required[222] 90 days
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[223] 30 days
 Vanuatu Visa not required[224] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 Vatican City Visa not required[225]
 Venezuela Visa not required[226] 90 days
 Vietnam eVisa[227] 30 days
 Yemen Visa required[228]
 Zambia Visa not required[229] 90 days
 Zimbabwe Visa not required[230] 3 months

Territories and disputed areas[edit]

Visa requirements for Maltese citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Europe
Africa
Asia
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Oceania
South Atlantic and Antarctica

Non-ordinary passports[edit]

Holders of various categories of official Maltese passports have additional visa-free access to the following countries - China (diplomatic or service passports), Libya (diplomatic, official or service passports) and Russia (diplomatic passports). Holders of diplomatic or service passports of any country have visa-free access to Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Mali and Zimbabwe.

Non-visa restrictions[edit]

This section is transcluded from Non-visa travel restrictions. (edit | history)

Blank passport pages[edit]

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[345] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

Vaccination[edit]

Main articles: Vaccination requirements for international travel, International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, and Vaccine passports during the COVID-19 pandemic
Cover of the new International Certificate of Vaccination issued by the Bureau of Quarantine in the Philippines since 2021

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[346] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[347]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[348][349]

Passport validity length[edit]

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card – especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[350][351] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[352]

Some countries, such as Japan,[353] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[354] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[355] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[356] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru,[357] Philippines,[358] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[359]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[360] and South Africa.

Criminal record[edit]

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[361] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata[edit]

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[362]

Israeli stamps[edit]

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[363] Lebanon,[364] Libya,[365] Syria,[366] and Yemen[367] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.[citation needed]

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Biometrics[edit]

See also: Countries applying biometrics

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to change planes rather than go landside.[368]

Fingerprinting countries/regions include Afghanistan,[369][370] Argentina,[371] Brunei, Cambodia,[372] China,[373] Ethiopia,[374] Ghana, Guinea,[375] India, Japan,[376][377] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[378] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[379] Mongolia, Saudi Arabia,[380] Singapore, South Korea,[381] Taiwan, Thailand,[382] Uganda,[383] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[384][385][386] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[387]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[388] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[389][390] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[391] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[392][393]

Right to consular protection in non-EU countries[edit]

Countries with Maltese diplomatic missions

When in a non-EU country where there is no Maltese embassy, Maltese citizens as EU citizens have the right to get consular protection from the embassy of any other EU country present in that country.

See also List of diplomatic missions of Malta.

See also[edit]

References and Notes[edit]

References
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  2. ^ Visa information, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Afghanistan.
  3. ^ Visa regime for foreign citizens, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of Albania.
  4. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  5. ^ Travel to Andorra, Ministry of External Affairs of Andorra.
  6. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  8. ^ Visa regime, National Directorate of Migrations of Argentina (in Spanish).
  9. ^ Visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Armenia.
  10. ^ Visitor visa options, Department of Home Affairs of Australia.
  11. ^ Schengen visa, Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs of Austria.
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  61. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  63. ^ a b International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  64. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  65. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  66. ^ Who does not need a visa to visit Estonia?, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Estonia, 2 November 2017.
  67. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  68. ^ "Ethiopia electronic visa". Main Department for Immigration and Nationality Affairs, Ethiopia. Retrieved 24 November 2018.
  69. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  70. ^ Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland, Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland.
  71. ^ Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements, Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France, January 2016.
  72. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  73. ^ "Gabon e-Visa". evisa.dgdi.ga.
  74. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  75. ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
  76. ^ Overview of visa requirements/exemptions for entry into the Federal Republic of Germany, Federal Foreign Office of Germany.
  77. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  78. ^ Countries requiring or not requiring a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, 13 June 2017.
  79. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  80. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  81. ^ "Guinea Visa". www.paf.gov.gn.
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  83. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  84. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  85. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  86. ^ Countries that do not need a visa, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.
  87. ^ Who does not need a visa, Directorate of Immigration of Iceland.
  88. ^ "Indian e-Visa". Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
  89. ^ e-Visa
  90. ^ The note is under Q1(v) in the FAQs
  91. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  92. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  93. ^ "Iran extends airport visa validity to 30 days". Tehran Times. 3 August 2015.
  94. ^ a b International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  95. ^ Countries that need a visa for Ireland, Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service.
  96. ^ Tourist visa table, Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 2017.
  97. ^ Visa for Italy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation of Italy.
  98. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  99. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  100. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  101. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 24 July 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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  103. ^ "45 countries with 30 days visa-free regime". Archived from the original on 30 December 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2017.
  104. ^ Kenya Electronic System for Travel Authorisation (eTA)
  105. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  106. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
  107. ^ International Air Transport Association (IATA), Travel Information Manual
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  383. ^ AfricaNews (14 January 2019). "Gemalto awarded Uganda's new e-Immigration solution with fast-track border crossing eKiosks at Entebbe Airport". Africanews. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  384. ^ Brown, Theresa Cardinal (9 May 2016). "Biometric Entry-Exit Update: CBP Developing Land Border Process". Bipartisan Policy Center. Retrieved 25 April 2019. While a requirement for a biometric entry-exit system has been in law for over a decade, it is not yet a reality. Many reasons for the long gestating development have been documented in BPC's 2014 report Entry-Exit System: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook, including the technological, operational, and cost challenges of creating exit systems and infrastructure where none exist today. However, many critics, especially in Congress, simply accused the Department of Homeland security of dragging its feet... the major operational, logistical, and technical challenge in implementing exit capability at our ports has been the land borders. Unlike airports and seaports, the land border environment is not physically controlled, there is no means to get advance information on who is arriving, and the sheer volume of travel—both vehicular and pedestrian—creates challenges in any system to not further exacerbate delays. While biometric exit for land vehicular traffic is still in the "what if" stage, CBP is moving ahead and piloting systems and technology to use with the large population of pedestrian crossers at the U.S.-Mexico border.
  385. ^ Lipton, Eric (21 May 2013). "U.S. Quietly Monitors Foreigners' Departures at the Canadian Border". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Long demanded by lawmakers in Congress, it is considered a critical step to developing a coherent program to curb illegal immigration, as historically about 30 percent to 40 percent of illegal immigrants in the United States arrived on tourist visas or other legal means and then never left, according to estimates by Homeland Security officials.
  386. ^ Lipton, Eric (15 December 2006). "Administration to Drop Effort to Track if Visitors Leave". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019. Efforts to determine whether visitors actually leave have faltered. Departure monitoring would help officials hunt for foreigners who have not left, if necessary. Domestic security officials say, however, it would be too expensive to conduct fingerprint or facial recognition scans for land departures.
  387. ^ Campoy, Ana (17 April 2019). "The US wants to scan the faces of all air passengers leaving the country". Quartz. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  388. ^ "ICAO Document 9303: Machine Readable Travel Documents, Part 9: Deployment of Biometric Identification and Electronic Storage of Data in MRTDs, 7th edition" (PDF). 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  389. ^ "Iris Scan Implemented at Doha International Airport". Archived from the original on 8 January 2012.
  390. ^ "Iris Scanner Could Replace Emirates ID In UAE". SimplyDXB. 11 June 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2018. The breach of privacy is probably the biggest threat to the biometric technique of iris recognition. Secondly, a device error can false reject or false accept the identity which can also have some heinous consequences. Lastly, the method isn't the most cost-effective one. It is complex and therefore expensive. Furthermore, the maintenance of devices and data can also be relatively burdensome. However, thanks to the oil money and spending ability of Dubai, they are economically equipped to effectively embrace this system.
  391. ^ Roberts, Jeff John (12 September 2016). "Homeland Security Plans to Expand Fingerprint and Eye Scanning at Borders". Fortune. Fortune Media IP Limited. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Unlike with documents, it's very hard for a traveler to present a forged copy of a fingerprint or iris. That's why the U.S. Department of Homeland Security plans to vastly expand the amount of biometric data it collects at the borders. According to Passcode, a new program will ramp up a process to scan fingers and eyes in order to stop people entering and exiting the country on someone else's passport.
  392. ^ "Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints". Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Singapore has started scanning travellers' eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
  393. ^ Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018). "5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved 24 April 2019. The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.
Notes
  1. ^
  2. ^
  3. ^
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Lantui - Baka (China)
    • Meuang mom - Wan Pong (Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng Dry Port - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Pakxan - Bungkan (Thailand)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Phoudou (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
    • Lalai (Vietnam)
    • Pangmone - Phayao (Thailand)
    • Daktaock - Nam Giang (Vietnam)
    • Savannakhet Airport
  4. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Bokeo
  5. ^
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammouane
    • Bokeo
  6. ^
    • Samliemkham (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Tanalaeng - Nongkai (Thailand)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
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