User:Belchfire/essays/Identity politics and Wikipedia

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Because Wikipedia aims to be a neutral compilation of verifiable, established facts, editors are called upon - and are expected - to ensure their work complies with Wikipedia's core content policies. First among those policies is that all Wikipedia content must be written from a neutral point of view. Because editors are human beings, each with their own individual bias, achieving a neutral point of view often requires a conscious effort. However, some editors make a conscious effort to do the opposite, and intentionally edit with a specific, focused bias. This essay will discuss a particular type of biased editing, that which is based on identity politics.

The spirit and the intent of this essay is drawn from the Neutral point of view/FAQ:

Dealing with biased contributors
I agree with the nonbias policy but there are some here who seem completely, irremediably biased. I have to go around and clean up after them. What do I do?

Unless the case is really egregious, maybe the best thing is to call attention to the problem publicly, pointing the perpetrators to this page (but politely — one gets more flies with honey than with vinegar) and asking others to help. See Dispute resolution for more ideas. There is a point beyond which our interest in being a completely open project is trumped by our interest in being able to get work done without constantly having to fix the intrusions of people who do not respect our policies.

Defining the problem

Special interest editing is special

"Identity politics" can be defined as "political arguments that focus on the self-interest and perspectives of self-identified special interest groups". Because adherents are both self-identified and self-interested, identity politics on Wikipedia creates a conflict of interest, and there can be no credible claim to generally altruistic motives when a special interest bias is present.

Many editors work more or less openly from the standpoint of a particular political philosophy or political viewpoint, but this does not necessarily mean that their editing is non-neutral (although, it often does). However, a general political bias is inherently different from a bias based on identity politics, in that those holding a political bias are self-selecting and may change their opinions over time, whereas identity politics is usually grounded in immutable characteristics and tends to be permanently aligned in a single direction. One result of this difference is that special interest editors are not interested in discussion that may not lead to their preferred result, and are generally not reasonable in their approach to editing Wikipedia.

Special interest groups and their agendas

Special interest groups are most often based on:

• Ethnicity
• Gender
• National identity

• Race
• Religion
• Sexual preference

Those pursuing the agenda of special interest groups may engage in biased editing of articles concerning:

• Civil rights
• Civil wars and rebellions
• Current events

• Genocide and ethnic cleansing
• National history and national identity
• Politics and elections

• Race and racism
• Religious extremism and Religious violence
• Social issues

Ways to spot editing motivated by identity politics

Special interest editors are often single purpose accounts, or fall just outside the criteria for single purpose accounts. They tend to spend an inordinate amount of time editing controversial articles. Sometimes their editing stays within behavioral guidelines, but often it does not. Special interest editors will often take a long-term interest in articles that are near and dear to their cause. They will often give themselves away by their inability to disengage or their unwillingness to recognize that there may be valid opinions differing from their own.

Editors motivated by identity politics frequently:

• Appear to judge the reliability of sources based on content, rather than the sources themselves
• Project bias on others in discussions
• Add loaded words or prejudicial language

Editors motivated by identity politics sometimes:

• Engage in revisionism
• Improperly assign undue weight to material that supports their aims
• Improperly claim that material not supporting their aims is on the fringe
• Seek to re-weight minor details by moving them in or out of an article's lead
• Continue to argue their point after an opposing consensus has emerged
• Edit-war, edit disruptively and/or edit tendentiously

Editors motivated by identity politics seldom:

• Admit error or self-revert
• Propose a compromise
• Write from an opposing viewpoint

Assessing the damage

How identity politics disrupts Wikipedia

The number of active editors and long-term editor retention are both decreasing.

See also: Commandeering articles

Special interest editors are not concerned with the quality of the encyclopedia, seeking instead to use Wikipedia as a platform to further their own agendas. Because special interest editing is inherently contrary to Wikipedia's goals, it is disruptive by its very definition.

Wikipedia already has a recognized problem with editor retention, and both disruptive editing and commandeering of articles are recognized causes of editor retention issues.

How identity politics damages Wikipedia's credibility

See also: Reliability of Wikipedia

Wikipedia already has a well-documented problem with low credibility and lack of authority, and the actions of egregiously biased editors increase this problem out of proportion to their numbers. In particular, conflict of interest in political topics on Wikipedia is an issue that has been well-documented in the media. The damage done to Wikipedia by a public perception of unreliability in one area spills over to the rest of the encyclopedia, and the value of the work done by all contributors is diminished as a result.

Remedial action

Strategies for editors

• Always remain civil when dealing with biased editors, to preserve your ability to escalate effectively when necessary
• Assume good faith, but don't be afraid to call a spade a spade. (With civility, of course.)
• Diligently report edit-warring. Consider giving the stop sign template at 2RR
• Do not view account longevity as an impediment to issuing appropriate user warnings
• When appropriate, use the Single Purpose Account tag to de-weight the Talk contributions of clearly biased editors

Recommendations for administrators

• Do a sensible cost-benefit analysis on behalf of Wikipedia as a whole when considering how to react to behavioral issues
• Learn to recognize those in need of mentorship, and suggest it to them
• Realize that not blocking an edit-warrior, for any reason, always imposes a cost on the encyclopedia
• Realize that editors are not equal

See also

• Countering liberal bias
• Why is Wikipedia losing contributors - Thinking about remedies