Wonder Woman

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This article is about the superheroine. For other uses, see Wonder Woman (disambiguation).
Wonder Woman

Promotional art for Wonder Woman vol. 3, #5 (2006) by Terry Dodson
Publication information
Publisher DC Comics
First appearance All Star Comics #8 (December 1941)
Created by William Moulton Marston
In-story information
Alter ego Princess Diana of Themyscira
Team affiliations Justice League
Amazons of Themyscira
Notable aliases Diana Prince
Abilities

Wonder Woman is a fictional character, a DC Comics superheroine created by William Moulton Marston. First appearing in All Star Comics #8 (December 1941), she is one of three characters to have been continuously published by DC Comics since the company's 1944 inception (except for a brief hiatus in 1984).[1]

Wonder Woman is a member of a fictional, all-female tribe of Amazons (based on the Amazons of Greek mythology) who is sent to "man's world" as an ambassador. Among the Amazons she is known as Princess Diana (being the daughter of Amazon queen Hippolyta); in "man's world" she takes the secret identity of Diana Prince. Her powers include super strength, hand-to-hand combat ability, and sometimes (during the 1980s and 1990s) flight. She also makes use of her Lasso of Truth (which forces those bound by it to tell the truth), a pair of bullet-deflecting bracelets, and an invisible plane.

Created during World War II, the character was initially depicted fighting the Axis military forces, as well as an assortment of supervillains and supervillainesses. In later decades, some writers and their editors preferred to retain the World War II setting, while others updated the series to reflect an ongoing "present day." Wonder Woman has also regularly appeared in the team books Justice Society (from 1941) and Justice League (from 1960). Arguably the most popular and iconic superheroine in comics, she is informally grouped with Superman and Batman as one of a "Trinity" of DC characters who are regarded as especially important, both within their fictional universe and without. She was named the twentieth greatest comic book character by Empire Magazine.[2]

In addition to comics, the character has appeared in other media — most notably the 1975-1979 live-action Wonder Woman TV series starring Lynda Carter, but also in cartoons such as the Super Friends and Justice League. Although a number of attempts have been made to adapt the character to live-action film, none have yet emerged from "development hell." An animated film will be released in 2009, starring Keri Russell in the title role.

Contents

History

Wonder Woman's first cover, Sensation Comics #1 (January 1942)

Creation

In an October 25, 1940 interview conducted by former student Olive Byrne (under the pseudonym "Olive Richard") and published in Family Circle, titled "Don't Laugh at the Comics", William Moulton Marston described what he saw as the great educational potential of comic books (a follow up article was published two years later in 1942).[3] This article caught the attention of comics publisher Max Gaines, who hired Marston as an educational consultant for National Periodicals and All-American Publications, two of the companies that would merge to form the future DC Comics. At that time, Marston decided to develop a new superhero.

In the early 1940s the DC line was dominated by superpowered male characters such as the Green Lantern, Batman, and its flagship character, Superman. According to the Fall 2001 issue of the Boston University alumni magazine, it was his wife Elizabeth's idea to create a female superhero:

“ William Moulton Marston, a psychologist already famous for inventing the polygraph (forerunner to the magic lasso), struck upon an idea for a new kind of superhero, one who would triumph not with fists or firepower, but with love. "Fine," said Elizabeth. "But make her a woman."[4] ”

Marston introduced the idea to Max Gaines, cofounder (along with Jack Liebowitz) of All-American Publications (Marston's pseudonym, Charles Moulton, combined his own and Gaines' middle names). Given the go-ahead, Marston developed Wonder Woman with Elizabeth (whom Marston believed to be a model of that era's unconventional, liberated woman).[4] Marston was also inspired by Olive Byrne, who lived with the couple in a polygamous/polyamorous relationship.[5] Both women served as exemplars for the character and greatly influenced the character's creation.[4]

Marston was the creator of a systolic blood-pressure measuring apparatus, which was crucial to the development of the polygraph (lie detector). Marston's experience with polygraphs convinced him that women were more honest and reliable than men, and could work more efficiently.[6]

"Wonder Woman is psychological propaganda for the new type of woman who should, I believe, rule the world," Marston wrote.[7] Although Gloria Steinem placed Wonder Woman on the first standalone cover of Ms. in 1972, Marston, writing in an earlier time, designed Wonder Woman to represent a particular form of female empowerment. Feminism argues that women are equal to men and should be treated as such; Marston's representative of femininity is a 6-foot-tall Amazon wielding a golden lasso that forces obedience of those encircled. In Marston's mind, women not only held the potential to be as good as men: they could be superior to men.

In a 1943 issue of The American Scholar, Marston wrote:

“ Not even girls want to be girls so long as our feminine archetype lacks force, strength, and power. Not wanting to be girls, they don't want to be tender, submissive, peace-loving as good women are. Women's strong qualities have become despised because of their weakness. The obvious remedy is to create a feminine character with all the strength of Superman plus all the allure of a good and beautiful woman. ”

During this period, Wonder Woman joined the Justice Society of America [8] as the first female member; albeit as the group's secretary (the custom was for characters with their own books to hold honorary membership only).

Evolution of the character

Main article: Publication history of Wonder Woman

Initially, Wonder Woman is an Amazon champion who wins the right to return Steve Trevor — a United States intelligence officer whose plane had crashed on the Amazons' isolated island homeland — to "Man's World," and fight the evil of the Nazis and other crime.

During the Silver Age, Wonder Woman's origin was revamped,[9] along with other characters during the era. The new origin story [10], increased the character's Hellenic roots, receiving the blessing of each deity in her crib, Diana is destined to become "beautiful as Aphrodite, wise as Athena, stronger than Hercules, and swifter than Mercury."

At the end of the 1960s, under the guidance of Mike Sekowsky, Wonder Woman surrenders her powers to remain in Man's World rather than accompany her fellow Amazons to another dimension. A mod boutique owner, the powerless Diana Prince acquires a Chinese mentor named I Ching. Under I Ching's guidance, Diana learns martial arts and weapons skills, and engages in adventures that encompassed a variety of genres, from espionage to mythology.

The character would later return to her superpowered roots and the World War II-era, (due to the popularity of the Wonder Woman TV series), in Justice League of America and the eponymous title, respectively.

Following the 1985 Crisis on Infinite Earths series, George Pérez and Greg Potter relaunched the character and wrote Wonder Woman as an emissary and ambassador from Themyscira to Patriarch's world. The four part "Sacrifice" storyline leading into the 2005 series Infinite Crisis ends with Diana breaking the longstanding do-not-kill code.

Diana's relationship with her mother, Queen Hippolyta, continues to evolve. The two were close when the series was relaunched in the 80's, but the relationship became strained when Diana found her mother had used magic to make Artemis the new Wonder Woman so she would die in Diana's place. The two would reunite after a long period of time only for Hippolyta to die during the Worlds at War storyline. She was brought back to life by Circe, but her actions during the Amazons Attack storyline would see her exiled to Themyscira and the Amazons stripped of their history by the Gods. Diana and her mother are on speaking terms once again. She has recently brought home Thomas Tressor, better known as Nemesis, to meet Hippolyta. During this meeting it is revealed that Hippolyta has agreed with Diana's choice of a mate and made him a member of the Amazons. Her final comments before the couple leave the island is she hopes for Diana and Thomas to have many children as quickly as possible. [11]

Powers and abilities

Pre-Crisis

Originally, Wonder Woman owed her abilities to the goddess Aphrodite creating Amazons superior to men, with Diana being the best of their best.

The Golden Age Wonder Woman was later updated by Marston to be able to will a tremendous amount of brain energy into her muscles and limbs by Amazon training, which endowed her with extraordinary strength and agility (Sensation Comics #46, Oct. 1945); this was later reconfirmed by writer Robert Kanigher in the Silver Age (Wonder Woman v1 #160, Feb. 1966). The TV series show took up this notion; "...  we are able to develop our minds and physical skills ..." ["Fausta: The Nazi Wonder Woman" 1976]; and in the first episode of Super Friends [1973] Diana states to Aquaman "...  the only thing that can surpass super strength is the power of the brain". In early Wonder Woman stories,[12] Amazon training involves strengthening this ability using pure mental energy. Her powers would be removed in accordance with "Aphrodite's Law" if she allowed herself to be bound or chained by a male.[13]

With the inclusion of Wonder Girl and Wonder Tot in Diana's back-story, writers provided new explanations of her powers; the character became capable of feats which her sister Amazons could not equal. Wonder Woman Volume One #105,[14] reveals that Diana was formed from clay by the Queen of the Amazons and was imbued with the attributes of the Greek gods by Athena - "beautiful as Aphrodite, wise as Athena, swifter than Hermes, and stronger than Hercules."[15] Wonder Woman's Amazon training also gave her limited telepathy, profound scientific knowledge, and the ability to speak every language known to man.

Although Wonder Woman’s mythos was returned to its original interpretation between 1966 and 1967, new abilities were added: super breath (to blow jet streams or transform water into snow); ventriloquism; imperviousness to extremes of heat and cold; ride the air currents as if flying; mental telepathy (even to project images); microscopic vision; the ability to vibrate into another dimension, and others which are listed in the Encyclopedia of Comic Book Heroes, Volume Two (1976).[16]

Depending on the writer, Diana's invulnerability and power varied greatly with the story needs.

Post-Crisis

 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2008)
After a brief interrogation, Diana places the head of To-Choi Industries in a state of slumber.

Wonder Woman's body is a mystical creation made from the clay surrounding Themyscira. Through divine means, her disembodied soul was nurtured in and retrieved from the womb of the High Matriarch and sole progenitor of all Gods, Gaea. Once the soul was placed into the body it immediately came to life, and was blessed with metahuman abilities by six Olympian deities.

Demeter, the Goddess of agriculture and fertility, blessed Diana with strength drawn from the Earth spirit Gaea, making her one of the physically strongest heroes in the DCU. She has been observed assisting in preventing large chunks of the Moon from crashing onto the Earth,[17] catching cavernous-sized asteroids,[citation needed] supporting the weight of bridges,[citation needed] hefting entire railroad trains,[citation needed] subway trains,[citation needed] ships and aircrafts.[citation needed]

While not invulnerable, her body is considerably denser than most, providing her with the sufficient stamina to survive unprotected in harsh and extreme environments, although sufficient force focused to a small enough surface area, is able to penetrate her skin. This includes arrows and conventional firearms.

Through her link to Gaea, Diana has a rapid healing ability, and has recovered quickly from explosions,[citation needed] Zeus’s thunderbolts,[citation needed] and punches from a Doomsday-clone.

Aphrodite, the Goddess of love and beauty, blessed Diana with great beauty and a loving heart.

Pallas Athena, the Goddess of wisdom and war, granted Diana great wisdom, intelligence and military prowess. It is Athena’s gift that has enabled Diana to master over a dozen languages (including those of alien or animal origin), multiple complex crafts, sciences and philosophies, as well as her amazon legacy of over 3000 years of leadership, military strategy, and armed and unarmed combat. While not as skilled a warrior as certain other amazons, such as Artemis or Nu'Bia, Diana's combination of power and prowess makes her the greatest fighter of her race. More recently Athena bound her own eyesight to Diana's, granting her increased empathy, the ability to see in any environment, and sense others' emotions.

Artemis, Goddess of the hunt, animals and the Moon, graced Diana with the Eye of the Hunter and Unity with Beasts. The Eye of the Hunter ability gives Diana a full range of enhanced senses. Unity with Beasts grants her low level telepathy allowing her to communicate with all sorts of animal life, such as sharks, birds and dinosaurs, as well as bring them to an absolute calm.

Hestia, Goddess of the hearth, granted Diana Sisterhood with Fire. This power makes it almost impossible to lie to her. By using this gift, Diana can see through mirages, illusions and other forms of deception (such as shape shifting), and is highly resistant to telepathic attacks.

Hermes, the messenger God of speed, granted Diana superhuman speed, and the ability to fly. Through the an act of concentration, Diana can mystically defy the laws of gravity and propel herself through the air to achieve flight. Diana has been clocked moving at “invisible” or hypersonic speed (Mach 7 or above) both in the air and on the ground.[citation needed] Additionally, she has outraced the Roman God of speed Mercury. She is swift enough to deflect bullets, lasers and other projectiles with her virtually impenetrable bracelets.

In extreme situations, through prayer and meditation, Diana can channel power from the Godwave.[citation needed] However, she can only perform this act for a short time, as holding on to the power for longer periods would drive her insane.[citation needed] Through prayer and meditation, Diana has been known to morph herself into the Earth and travel within it to escape imprisonment,[citation needed] alter her appearance and personality,[citation needed] and send her astral self to mystical planes.[citation needed] On certain occasions she has even brought her physical form into other realms.[citation needed]

Diana also received the gift of illusion from the God Proteus. By using this ability Diana was able to transform an ordinary piece of paper into a legal passport complete with full history and background of her alias.[citation needed] While time-travelling, Diana also altered her appearance to resemble Miss America, a native hero of the era.[citation needed]

Abilities:

Diana is an above Olympic-level athlete and acrobat. The “daughter” of more than 4000 warriors, Diana has been trained since infancy in the 3000 year old Amazon legacy of armed and unarmed combat. She is an accomplished military strategist.

Beyond her distinctive golden lasso, Diana has shown proficiency in the use of swords,[citation needed] archery,[citation needed] battleaxe,[citation needed] quarterstaff,[citation needed] bo staff,[citation needed] dagger,[citation needed] spear,[citation needed] nunchuku,[citation needed] throwing star,[citation needed] sai,[citation needed] tonfa,[citation needed] kama,[citation needed] escrima stick,[citation needed] baton,[citation needed] boomerang,[citation needed] shield,[citation needed] and has mastered Iaido.[citation needed] Diana is an expert hand-to-hand combatant, having trained in various forms of unarmed fighting, including Shaolin,[citation needed] Wing Chun,[citation needed] Pa Kua,[citation needed] Hsing-i,[citation needed] and Tai Chi Kung Fu styles,[citation needed] Aikido,[citation needed] Judo,[citation needed] Jujitsu,[citation needed] Ninpo,[citation needed] Ninjutsu,[citation needed] Taekwondo,[citation needed] Hapkido,[citation needed] Karate,[citation needed] Capoeira,[citation needed] Boxing,[citation needed] Wrestling,[citation needed] Kickboxing,[citation needed] and more archaic forms of combat practiced by the Amazons.

Weapons

See also: Lasso of Truth

Diana has an arsenal of powerful God-forged weapons at her disposal but her signature weapons are her indestructible Vambraces of the Aegis and the Lasso of Truth.

The Vambraces, sometimes called bracelets, were formed from the remnants of Zeus' legendary Aegis shield at the request of Athena to be awarded to her champion. These forearm guards have thus far proved indestructible, and can absorb the impact of incoming attacks, such as deflecting automatic weapons or energy blasts.[18] When Diana crosses them they provide her added protection by creating an invisible force field around her person.[citation needed]

Diana can also slam the bracelets together to create a wave of concussive force, at one time used to stop a tidal wave.[citation needed]

The Lasso of Truth, or Lariat of Hestia, is virtually unbreakable, even successfully restraining Superman,[citation needed] Captain Marvel,[citation needed] and the Gods Ares and Hades.[citation needed] The Lasso burns with a magical aura called the Fires of Hestia, forcing anyone within the Lasso's confines to be truthful. The Fires can restore lost memories,[citation needed] dispel illusions,[citation needed] renew the wielder's body,[citation needed] protect those encircled by it from magical and nonmagical attacks,[citation needed] and even cure insanity.[citation needed] Diana wields it with great precision and accuracy, and can use it as a whip, noose, or make it as sharp as a blade.[citation needed]

Wonder Woman's golden tiara has also doubled as a dagger and a throwing weapon. It was crafted from Apollo's discus, which returned to him whenever thrown, like a boomerang.

Diana used the Sandals of Hermes to cross the dimensional impasse between Themyscira and the outside world, but they were passed on first to Artemis, and later to Wonder Girl.

Diana also possesses the Gauntlets of Atlas, which magnifies the physical strength and stamina of the wearer by a factor of ten.[citation needed]

The Golden Age and Silver Age Wonder Woman used an invisible airplane that could be controlled by mental commands. It was variously described as being either a creation of Amazon technology , alternately the legendary winged horse Pegasus transformed into an aircraft. Its appearance varied as well, originally having a propeller and later being drawn as a jet aircraft, resembling a fighter plane.

The Post-Crisis Wonder Woman has at her disposal a small lightweight disc of alien (Lansinar) technology that, when triggered by her thoughts, transforms into a transparent version of whatever object or vehicle that is appropriate for her needs. However, following the One Year Later continuity jump, Diana was given a new invisible plane, created by Wayne Industries, because her original Invisible Plane was stuck on Themyscira.

Diana occasionally uses additional weaponry in formal battle, such as ceremonial golden armor complete with golden wings, war-skirt and chest-plate, and a golden helmet in the shape of an Eagle's head. In the alternate Kingdom Come continuity, her deadliest piece of battle-gear is a magically forged sword, "The Sword of Hephaestus". Diana here described it as able to "carve the electrons off an atom."[19]

In other media

See also: Justice League in other media

TV series

Main article: Wonder Woman (TV series)

A television series based on Wonder Woman aired for three seasons from 1975-1979. The series starred Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman.

Animated film

Main article: Wonder Woman (film)

A direct-to-video animated film adaptation of Wonder Woman is currently in production as a part of the DC Universe Original Animated Movies series being produced by DC Comics animation veteran Bruce Timm and released by Warner Bros.[20] The film, which will be released on March 3rd, 2009 on DVD and Blu-ray disc, stars Keri Russell as Wonder Woman and will be directed by Lauren Montgomery. It will also feature Russell's Waitress costar Nathan Fillion as Steve Trevor, as well as Alfred Molina, Rosario Dawson, and Virginia Madsen.[21]

Undeveloped projects

Live action film

In January 2001, producer Joel Silver approached Todd Alcott to write a Wonder Woman screenplay, with Silver Pictures backing the project.[22] Early gossip linked actresses such as Jennifer Lopez, Sandra Bullock, Rachel Bilson, and Catherine Zeta-Jones to the role of Wonder Woman.[23] Leonard Goldberg, speaking in a May 2001 interview, named Sandra Bullock as a strong candidate for the project.[24] Bullock claimed that she was approached for the role, while wrestler Chyna expressed interest. Turning down the part in the past, Lucy Lawless indicated that she would have been more interested if Wonder Woman was portrayed as a "flawed hero."[25] The screenplay then went through various drafts written by Alcott, Jon Cohen, Becky Johnston, and Philip Levens.[26] By August 2003, Levens was replaced by screenwriter Laeta Kalogridis.[27]

"Besides [Wonder Woman's] great origin story, there's nothing from the comics that felt right 100 percent, no iconic canon story that must be told. Batman has it made — he's got the greatest rogues gallery ever, he's got Gotham City. The Bat writes himself. With Wonder Woman, you're writing from whole cloth, but trying to make it feel like you didn't. To make it feel like it's existed for 60 years, even though you're making it up as you go along. But who she, and what the movie, is about, thematically, has never been a problem for me. But the steps along the way, it could be so easy for them to feel wrong. I won't settle. She wouldn't let me settle."
— Joss Whedon in November 2006, explaining the delay in developing a proper script.[28]

In March 2005, Warner Bros. and Silver Pictures announced that Joss Whedon would write and direct the film adaptation of Wonder Woman.[29] Whedon's salary was reported to be between $2 to $3 million.[30] Since Whedon was directing Serenity at the time, and required time to research Wonder Woman's background, he did not begin the screenplay until late 2005.[31] According to Joel Silver, the script would cover Wonder Woman's origin and include Steve Trevor: "Trevor crashes on the island and they go back to Man's World."[32] Silver wanted to film Wonder Woman in Australia once the script was completed.[33] While Whedon stated in May 2005 that he would not cast Wonder Woman until he finished the script,[34] Charisma Carpenter[35] and Morena Baccarin[36] expressed interest in the role.

After being handed the role of script-writer for close to two years though, Whedon still had not managed to write an actual script. "It was in an outline, and not in a draft, and they [studio executives] didn't like it. So I never got to write a draft where I got to work out exactly what I wanted to do."[37] In February 2007, Whedon departed from the project, citing script differences with the studio.[38] Whedon reiterated: "I never had an actress picked out, or even a consistent front-runner. I didn't have time to waste on casting when I was so busy air-balling on the script." Whedon stated that with the Wonder Woman project left behind, he would focus on making his film Goners.[38]

"I would go back in a heartbeat if I believed that anybody believed in what I was doing. The lack of enthusiasm was overwhelming."[39]

A day before Whedon's departure from Wonder Woman, Warner Bros. and Silver Pictures purchased a spec script written by Matthew Jennison and Brent Strickland. Set during World War II, the script impressed executives at Silver Pictures.[40] However, Silver has made clear that he purchased the script because he didn't want it floating around in the industry; although it has good ideas, he doesn't wish for the Wonder Woman film to be a period piece.[41] By April 2008, Silver hired Jennison and Strickland to write a new (modern day) script that would not depict Wonder Woman's origin, but explore Paradise Island's history.[42]

According to an August 2008 article in The Wall Street Journal, featuring Warner Bros. president Jeff Robinov speaking about their DC property films, a Wonder Woman film is among other superhero films currently in "active development."[43]

Justice League film

A Justice League film was slated for a 2009 release, before being put on indefinite hiatus in April 2008. It was based upon the DC Comics publication, the Justice League which has included a number of superheroes in the past including Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Flash, Green Lantern, Aquaman, Green Arrow, Atom, Hawkman, Black Canary, and Captain Marvel.[44] An October 29, 2007 article quoted Joel Silver as stating that due to the impending release of Justice League, the Wonder Woman film will be placed on moratorium:

'They're going to make the Justice League movie, and we're kind of pausing on Wonder Woman now [...] Let them go ahead and do that picture [first]' [...] The Amazon superhero from the DC Comics series will be a major part of the upcoming JLA. 'And if that comes together, Wonder Woman will be a part of that story,' Silver said. 'And then we'll see where we go from there. But we struggled with it for a while. I hope that we can solve it and make it one day.'[45]

A number of actresses had reportedly been under consideration for the role of Wonder Woman in the Justice League film. Jessica Biel was approached for the role, but passed on it,[46] while Missy Peregrym,[47] Mary Elizabeth Winstead, Teresa Palmer, Shannyn Sossamon, and Christina Milian[48] expressed interest. It had been reported that Australian supermodel Megan Gale was cast as the heroine.[49][50] In early January 2008, it was reported that production of the JLA film was delayed due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike.[51] When asked if the film would still affect the solo Wonder Woman movie in April 2008, Silver said it would not as the Justice League film had been put on indefinite hold.[52] In August 2008, however director George Miller as well as actress Megan Gale confirmed that the film was still on, with a plan to resume filming in 2009.[53]

In an article in The Wall Street Journal, Warner Bros. president Jeff Robinov said that they are interested in doing a Justice League film, but confirmed that the project that had been in development had been shelved. They are currently focusing on solo films for their DC properties.

See also

Bibliography

References

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  2. ^ Empire | The 50 Greatest Comic Book Characters
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  8. ^ All Star Comics #12
  9. ^ Wonder Woman #98
  10. ^ Wonder Woman #105
  11. ^ Wonder Woman - Volume 3 Issue 24 - November 2008 by Gail Simone and Bernard Chang
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  13. ^ Panel featuring Aphrodite's Law - SuperDickery.com Retrieved September 3, 2008.
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  20. ^ World's Finest
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  52. ^ Justice League disbanded
  53. ^ Megan Gale proves she's a real wonder woman

External links

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Wonder Woman
Creators and influences
Characters
Wonder Woman ( Diana Prince  · Artemis  · Hippolyta ) • Wonder Girl ( Donna Troy  · Cassie Sandsmark ) • Wonder Man ( Hercules ) • Wonder Boy  • The Amazons • Antiope • Belyllioth • Etta Candy • Fury • Hellenders • Julia Kapatelis • Micah Rains • Mike Schorr • Olympian • Olympian Gods • Nemesis • Nu'Bia • Sarge Steel • Steve Trevor • Titans of Myth
Villains
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Related articles
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