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Helge Ingstad collision

Coordinates: 60°37′51″N 4°50′49″E / 60.63083°N 4.84694°E / 60.63083; 4.84694
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Helge Ingstad collision
Norwegian navy ship HNoMS Helge Ingstad being salvaged by floating cranes at Hanøytangen, Askøy
Map
Date8 November 2018 (2018-11-08)
LocationHjeltefjorden, Norway
Coordinates60°37′51″N 4°50′49″E / 60.63083°N 4.84694°E / 60.63083; 4.84694
Causea range of operational, technical, organisational and systemic factors[1][2][3]
Non-fatal injuries8[4]

The Helge Ingstad collision was a ship collision between the Norwegian frigate Helge Ingstad and the Maltese tanker Sola TS. The accident happened on the night of 8 November 2018 in the Hjeltefjorden north of the Sture Terminal in Øygarden.

The frigate was assigned to Standing NATO Maritime Group 1 and was with the group on its way to Dundee in Scotland after the Exercise Trident Juncture 2018.[5] The frigate broke out of formation on the evening of 7 November to sail along the coast. The plan was to head west towards Scotland north of Haugesund.[6] In Hjeltefjorden, the frigate collided with Sola TS, which was on its way to the United Kingdom with crude oil.

An attempt was made to ground the frigate, but it sank and lay in shallow water until it was raised on 27 February 2019.[7] The tanker suffered no major damage. Eight people on board the frigate were injured in the accident, none of them seriously.[2][4][8]

After thorough investigations, it was decided that it was unprofitable to repair the ship;[9] and in February 2021, Helge Ingstad was towed to Hanøytangen for recycling.[10][11]

Ships

[edit]

Helge Ingstad

[edit]
Main article: HNoMS Helge Ingstad (F313)
Helge Ingstad in Lerøyosen in 2018

HNoMS Helge Ingstad was a Fridtjof Nansen-class frigate, delivered to the Norwegian Navy in 2009. The vessel was 134 metres (439 ft 8 in) long and had a top speed of over 26 knots (48 km/h; 30 mph). It had 137 people on board, eight of whom were slightly injured.[4] The ship had taken part in the NATO exercise Trident Juncture, and the Norwegian Armed Forces initially stated that it was on its way back to its home port at the Haakonsvern Naval Base. Later this was corrected to mean that it was on its way to Dundee in Scotland.[12] According to NATO, the ship was conducting navigation training when it collided.[13] The frigate had no pilot on board.[14] It sailed without sending its position via automatic identification system (AIS), thus the ship was visible on radar, but not identifiable to other traffic and the Fedje Vessel Traffic Service Centre.[15] AIS was activated only after the collision.[16] Other vessels' names, position, speed and course would be visible on the frigate's chart plotter even if they themselves did not transmit AIS. The frigate notified the traffic center in the usual way when it approached the waters, and this cleared Helge Ingstad into the area.[17] Both on radar and chart plotter, other vessels in the waters would have been visible with their speed vectors. The vectors would show the calculated collision point.

The frigate cost around NOK 3.5 billion when new. In 2018, it was accounted for at NOK 1.8 billion.[18] Helge Ingstad was, at the time of the collision, part of Standing NATO Maritime Group 1 (SNMG1).[19]

Sola TS

[edit]

MT Sola TS is a tanker built in 2017 and registered in Valletta, Malta. It is 250 metres (820 ft 3 in) long, and had 24 people on board during the accident.[20] No one on board was injured. The ship was heading north, and had set out from Stureterminalen 20 minutes before it collided with the frigate. It was loaded with 625,000 barrels of crude oil.[21]

The tugboat Tenax escorted the tanker at the stern.[22] The tanker had a pilot on board.

In contrast to Helge Ingstad, Sola TS only suffered minor damage to the bow after the collision and was never in danger of sinking. The ship had to sail to a shipyard in Gdańsk for repairs after the accident, and at the end of December 2018 was back in normal sailing again.[23]

Collision

[edit]
Helge Ingstad sinking after the collision

According to the Attorney General, the overall behavior of Helge Ingstad's bridge crew was negligent.[24] Prior to the accident, the frigate was navigating without the AIS activated, which is not unusual for naval vessels.[25] Broadcasting of own AIS identity was activated only after the collision.[16] According to recordings from marine VHF radio that Verdens Gang published on 10 November 2018, there was radio communication between Sola TS, Helge Ingstad and Fedje Vessel Traffic Service Centre prior to the accident. Three minutes before the collision, Sola TS asked the Fedje Vessel Traffic Service Centre which ship was approaching. Fedje Vessel Traffic Service Centre center replied that it did not know, while Helge Ingstad remained silent. On Sola TS an attempt was made to establish contact using an Aldis lamp (Morse lamp). Nor did Helge Ingstad react to this.[26] The maritime traffic center came back and said it could be Helge Ingstad. Radio contact was then established between Sola TS and Helge Ingstad, and Helge Ingstad was asked to turn to starboard. They did not comply, and the collision occurred.[27] The freighter MS Vestbris passed the frigate immediately after the collision. The mate of Vestbris saw no light on the frigate.[28] It is not unusual for the navy's vessels to only display regulated navigation lights and otherwise night lights on the bridge; with a closed vessel, only the bridge and lanterns emit light.

The tanker suffered damage in the bow. It was given a hole of 90 by 60 centimeters (35 by 24 in) in the plates on the impacted side, at the level of the anchor block. The bulkhead lining on the starboard side of the bow was bent in several places, the anchor cleat was pushed in and had a hole in the upper part. The windlass went out of service and the hydraulic motor was most likely damaged.[26] The chain lock was partially bent, the anchor ripped out and pulled out ≈20 metres (66 ft) of chain.

The anchor cleats on Sola TS are designed as large "horns" that extend well beyond the ship's side, so that the anchor will not come into conflict with the underwater bulb in the bow. The frigate was hit well above the waterline, but the anchor cleat tore up an ≈45-meter (148 ft) long gash in the hull. The damage opened several watertight sections to the sea.[29] First, 127 of the 137 on board were evacuated. Later, the captain decided that the last ten should also evacuate the ship.[30] At 06:40 (Central European Time) everyone on board was brought ashore. Six of the injured were sent to the local emergency room, while two were sent to Haukeland University Hospital.[21]

According to the audio log that was later published by Verdens Gang, Helge Ingstad reported a loss of momentum and somewhat later that the ship had run against the ground. When Ajax and other auxiliary vessels dispatched from Stureterminalen found Helge Ingstad, the vessel had already grounded.[27] Frigates of the Fridtjof Nansen class are equipped with a one megawatt (1,300 hp) steerable electric azimuth thruster from Brunvoll AS. This is mounted directly under the bridge and can be pulled into the hull. In an emergency, the thruster can be used as a propulsion machine.[31] Approximately 10,000 liters (2,200 imp gal; 2,600 U.S. gal) of helicopter fuel leaked into the sea from the frigate.[21] The Navy held a press conference on 8 November and said, among other things, that the frigate had run against the ground. Furthermore, it was said that the frigate was held against the shore to prevent it from sinking.[32]

Hollow propeller shaft

[edit]

In the collision, the anchor cleat on Sola TS tore a long gash in 1⁄3 of the hull on the starboard side of the frigate.[33] The gash started above the main deck. The frigate capsized due to the impact and the gash reaches the waterline approximately at the bulkhead of the ship. The frigate was divided into 13 watertight sections. The split tore open two, a bath area and a generator room. The propeller shafts pass through the punctured generator compartment and the shafts were hollow throughout. Water was therefore led into the gear room between the forward turbine room and the aft engine room. The gear compartment was flooded. Here, the drive shafts to the turbine and engine were also not sealed and both engine rooms were flooded. Thus, five to six of the watertight sections were lost and the vessel was evacuated. Later Helge Ingstad sank. The remaining sections may not have been completely sealed either.[34] Later investigations have shown that when the ship was abandoned, the vast majority of watertight bulkheads and hatches were left in an open position. Over time, water penetrated into ever new sections as the vessel slowly sank.[35]

Consequences

[edit]

After the collision, Equinor chose to close production at Stureterminalen. This resulted in a shutdown of the Oseberg oil field, the Grane field, the Svalin field, the Edvard Grieg field and the Troll gas field. Production at Kollsnes was also halted. Gassco feared an explosion with consequences for a gas pipeline 200 meters (660 ft) away from the accident site.[36] Production resumed in the evening of the same day.[37][38]

Lifting and transport

[edit]
Map
The ship was grounded approximately 20 nautical miles (37 km; 23 mi) northwest of Bergen

The lifting operation was led by the Royal Norwegian Navy with the support of Defense Material in collaboration with the external actors BOA Management and DNV.[39] The Norwegian Coastal Administration was responsible for environmental measures. The police were responsible for enforcing the exclusion zone around the vessel, which was 500 metres (1,600 ft) on land and 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) at sea.

The side of the frigate was impacted and partially underwater. To prevent it from sinking or becoming more unstable, it was secured with cables to land in the days after the accident.[40] The day after the accident, personnel from the Royal Norwegian Navy were on board to further secure the cables on board and extract data information from logs.[41]

The navy took responsibility for raising the frigate, for which they were criticized.[42] The Green Warriors of Norway claimed that the Royal Norwegian Navy did not have the necessary expertise, and wanted the Coastal Administration to take over. It was also claimed that the cables securing the frigate to shore were incorrectly fitted and undersized.[43][44] In the early morning of 13 November, several of the cables smoked, causing the frigate to sink further.[45] In a press conference later the same day, the navy rejected criticism of the salvage operation and claimed that the cables had been installed correctly.[43] BOA Management AS was engaged to raise and transport the vessel.[46]

The two crane ships Gulliver and Rambiz from the Belgian company Scaldis were hired to lift the frigate onto the semi-submersible barge BOAbarge 33.[47][48] The diving vessel MS Risøy from SubseaPartners prepared to empty the frigate's fuel tanks.[49] They contained 460,000 L (100,000 imp gal; 120,000 US gal) of marine diesel oil.[50] The lifting depended on the weather conditions and was postponed several times. The lifting itself started on 26 February 2019.[51] The weather forecast was worrying and a decision was made to move further elevation to Hanøytangen. In the evening of 27 February, Helge Ingstad started to be lifted from the two cranes. The frigate was transported 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) to Hanøytangen. On 2 March the vessel was raised and transferred to the barge.[52] On 3 March, the tow started to Haakonsvern Naval Base where it was moored at the main quay approximately at 11 p.m. Here the ship was to be disarmed, inspected and repaired. The hull was afloat again five to six weeks after.

Aftermath

[edit]

The Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority and the Norwegian National Accident Commission for the Norwegian Armed Forces decided to investigate the accident together,[53] in collaboration with the Maltese Marine Safety Investigation Unit.[54] Spain's accident commission CIAIM is also participating in the investigation, as the frigate was built at a Spanish shipyard.[55] The Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority led the investigation.[55] The Accident Investigation Board for Transport questioned everyone who was present on the bridge of both ships, as well as on the tugboat Tenax which escorted the tanker.[56] The Accident Investigation Board's investigations do not take a position on civil or criminal guilt and/or responsibility. The Royal Norwegian Navy established an internal investigation, the results of which will be shared with the Accident Investigation Board.[57]

In retrospect, it has been speculated whether Sola TS was too far to the west.[58] The maritime pilot, Erik Blom, refuted this and referred to the location as within the norm.[58] The Ministry of Defense confirmed that American defense personnel were on board Helge Ingstad when the collision occurred.[59]

The Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority presented a preliminary report on 29 November 2018. The personnel on the bridge of Helge Ingstad both before and after the change of watch 20 minutes before the accident were of the opinion that the lights they saw from Sola TS were from a stationary object in connection with the Sture Terminal, and not from an oncoming ship. Contrary to the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea,[60] "Sola TS" had the same deck lights on after the ship left as when they were still at the terminal. The personnel on the bridge of Helge Ingstad were of the opinion that the radio call just before the accident was from one of the three other oncoming ships. The Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority had also discovered that the watertight bulkheads on Helge Ingstad were nevertheless not watertight and issued two safety-critical alerts regarding this.[57] Prime Minister Erna Solberg stated that a compensation claim against the Spanish shipyard may become relevant.[61] Defense material notified Navantia in a letter that there could be legal action against the shipyard. Navantia wrote in a reply letter on 11 January 2019 that the shipyard believes there is no basis for that.[62]

Decision

[edit]

In May 2019, the Minister of Defense was presented with a report from Defense Material which concluded that a possible repair would cost 12–14 billion and take more than five years. The cost of purchasing a new corresponding vessel was estimated at NOK 11–13 billion, with a completion time of just over five years.[63]

On 24 June 2019, the Ministry of Defense ordered Defense Material to dispose of Helge Ingstad, as it would be unprofitable to repair the ship.[64][65][66]

In July 2020, an order was put out for the demilitarisation, destruction and recovery of the frigate. Due to circumstances worthy of screening, it was decided that only Norwegian providers could participate in the competition.[66] In January 2021, it became known that Norscrap West AS won the tender,[67] and in February the ship was towed to Hanøytangen on Askøy for recycling. The destruction was finished in February 2022.[68]

Defense material expects to receive sales revenue from the metal in the frigate worth between NOK 15 and 18 million.[69] It is also estimated that there will still be spare parts and components worth between NOK 100–400 million.[70][71]

Investigation

[edit]

First interim report

[edit]

The Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority published an interim report on 8 November 2019, on the day one year after the accident. The conclusion was that a number of systemic, organizational, operational and technical factors contributed to the accident.[1][3]

The Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority also pointed out that the forward-facing deck lighting on Sola TS made it difficult for the frigate's bridge crew to see the navigation lanterns and the signaling from the Aldis lamp on the tanker. The communication between the pilot and the bridge crew on the tanker could also have been better, the Accident Investigation Board pointed out.

The traffic controller at Fedje VTS did not have a good enough understanding of the situation and an overview and thus did not provide relevant and timely information to the vessels involved, and did not carry out traffic regulation when the tanker left the Sture terminal.

The fact that Helge Ingstad went with AIS in passive mode meant that neither Fedje sjøtrafikksentral nor Sola TS had Helge Ingstad identified on their screens.

The Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority made 15 safety recommendations to the parties involved, nine of which were aimed at the Royal Norwegian Navy. One recommendation is addressed to the Ministry of Defence, two to the shipping company Tsakos Columbia Shipmanagement S.A., which owns Sola TS, two to the Coastal Administration and one to the Norwegian Maritime Directorate.[20]

Second interim report

[edit]

The Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority published interim report two on 21 April 2021. This report deals with everything that happened from the collision until the rescue work was finished and made 28 safety recommendations. The report concluded that:

transl. "accident control with prioritization of the right measures could contribute to gaining control of the situation on board. In order for the crew to have been able to assess actions other than those taken, a better understanding of the vessel's stability characteristics would have been required. Furthermore, further expertise, training and practice, as well as better decision support tools than what they had available, would have been necessary. Based on the knowledge the crew had in the current situation and under the given conditions, it is nevertheless understandable that it was decided to evacuate the vessel and not risk life and health."[72][73]

It was also concluded that the ship could have been kept afloat and thus saved if the crew had closed the watertight bulkheads in the frigate.[74][75]

The Norwegian Armed Forces' internal investigation

[edit]

The Norwegian Armed Forces concluded after its internal investigation that it was not one single error that caused the collision, but a long series of events. Among other things, it was pointed out that too little experience and competence among the crew, in addition to failing interaction between the crew on the bridge, "transl. substantially contributed to the collision".[76][77] The Norwegian Armed Forces examined a total of 88 safety barriers that were supposed to prevent this type of accident. In total, the Norwegian Armed Forces found that 53 of these were violated.[citation needed]

External review of the salvage operation

[edit]

In September 2019, the Ministry of Defence entered into a contract with PriceWaterHouseCoopers to carry out an external and independent review of the salvage operation, in the period from when the crew was evacuated until the vessel was brought to Haakonsvern Naval Base. The investigation was concluded in a publicly available report that was delivered at the end of 2019.[78]

In the report from the investigation on 16 December 2019, PriceWaterHouseCoopers concluded, among other things, that there was technical room for maneuver to save the frigate, that the actors overestimated how secure the frigate was and underestimated the load the anchors on land were exposed to, and that the Royal Norwegian Navy and FMA underestimated the complexity of the salvage operation.[79]

Civil litigation between the state and the tanker company

[edit]

The State at the Ministry of Defence sued the owner of the tanker TS "Sola", Twitt Navigation Limited, who counter-sued. The subject of the trial is the question of guilt and how the blame should be distributed. The case was to start in Bergen District Court on 21 September 2020 and 16 days had been set aside. The trial was rescheduled to 1 March 2021, then to 3 May 2021, and then to 28 February 2022.[80][81][82]

Civil court case between the state and DNV GL

[edit]

The Ministry of Defense sued the class company DNV GL, which in 2017 gave Helge Ingstad a new class certificate until 2021. The Ministry of Defense states that DNV GL should have discovered that the hollow propeller shafts could cause water to spread quickly. The main hearing is scheduled from 21 September to 29 October 2021 in the Oslo District Court.[83]

However, when the final accident report came in, it became clear that DNV GL was not to blame for the catastrophic consequence of the frigate's collision with the tanker. The State therefore waived its claim against DNV GL, but after a judgment in the Oslo District Court on 1 November 2021 was ordered to pay DNV's legal costs of NOK 4.3 million.[84]

Civil court case between the state and Navantia

[edit]

In 2019, the Norwegian Armed Forces announced legal action against the Spanish shipbuilder Navantia, which built Helge Ingstad. In August 2024, the Government Attorney confirmed to the Norwegian newspaper Verdens Gang that there was a legal process between the Ministry of Defense and Navantia. Navantia confirmed the legal process, but neither parties were willing to give details.[85]

Criminal case

[edit]

Investigation

[edit]

West Police District investigated the accident.[18]

During the police investigation, the prosecution gave suspect status to the watch commander on Helge Ingstad, the captain and the pilot on the tanker and the person who was on duty at the traffic center on Fedje.[86]

As part of the investigation, the police obtained professional assessments from the Norwegian Maritime Directorate, the Accident Investigation Board and the Attorney General.[87] The police then sent a proposal for recommendation to the state attorney, who in April 2021 forwarded the case to the Attorney General.[88][89]

Prosecution

[edit]

In May 2022, the prosecuting authority brought charges against the officer who was the responsible duty manager at Helge Ingstad when the accident occurred. He was prosecuted for negligently causing damage at sea under Section 356 of the Penal Code, cf. Section 355 and for neglect of duty under Section 78 of the Military Criminal Code, first paragraph and third paragraph.[90][91] The prosecuting authority also notified the Ministry of Defense that there was considered to be reason to impose corporate punishment on the Armed Forces, with a deadline of 20 May 2022 to comment on the notification. For the other suspects, the case was dropped.[92]

Corporate penalties against the state

[edit]

In June 2022, the state adopted the submission from Hordaland, Sogn og Fjordane state attorney's offices.[93] The Ministry of Defence was thus fined NOK 10 million for breaching Section 356 of the Criminal Code, cf. Section 355, cf. Section 27 for "transl. negligently having caused marine damage or a similar accident, which could easily have resulted in the loss of human life".

In his prosecution decision, the Attorney General concluded that the entire bridge crew on Helge Ingstad acted negligently.[94][95]

Criminal case against the warden

[edit]

The criminal case against the accused warden started in Hordaland District Court on 16 January 2023. Eight weeks were set aside for the main hearing.[96][97] The district court's verdict was published on 15 May 2023. The district court sentenced the warden to 60 days of suspended imprisonment.[98] The District Court found that the duty officer's actions prior to the collision with the oil tanker were "clearly unjustifiable".[99] The warden appealed the verdict[100] and the appeal is scheduled to be heard in the Gulating Court of Appeal in autumn 2023.[101]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Singh, Aditya; Dalaklis, Dimitrios; Baumler, Raphael (11 February 2023). "Revisiting the HNoMS Helge Ingstad and Sola TS collision: Discussing the contribution of human factors". Maritime Technology and Research. 5 (3): 262199. doi:10.33175/mtr.2023.262199. ISSN 2651-205X. S2CID 257635210.
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  4. ^ a b c Madshus, Karin (8 November 2018). "Milliardfregatten skal kunne operere ved skade" [The milliard frigate must be able to operate in the event of damage]. Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  5. ^ Kampevoll, Fredrik (7 December 2018). "Feilinformerte om «Helge Ingstads» reiserute" [Misinformed about "Helge Ingstad's" itinerary]. Verdens Gang (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  6. ^ Røssum, Eystein; Audardottir Oldeide, Adalheidur; Nicolaisen, Christopher (7 December 2018). "Forsvaret sa at fregatten var på vei til Haakonsvern da den kolliderte. Det stemte ikke" [The defense said the frigate was on its way to Haakonsvern when it collided. It didn't add up.]. Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 24 July 2023.
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  13. ^ "SNMG1 ship accident at sea". NATO – Allied Maritime Command. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
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  17. ^ Christophersen, Rune (9 November 2018). "Trafikksentralen ble varslet av fregatten" [The traffic center was alerted by the frigate]. Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  18. ^ a b Sættem, Johan B. (8 November 2018). "Fregatten er regnskapsført til 1,8 milliarder" [The frigate is accounted for at 1.8 billion]. NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 24 July 2023.
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  20. ^ a b Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority (November 2019). Delrapport 1 om kollisjonen mellom fregatten KNM Helge Ingstad og tankbåten Sola TS utenfor Stureterminalen i Hjeltefjorden, Hordaland, 8. november 2018 [Report 1 on the collision between the frigate KNM Helge Ingstad and the tanker Sola TS outside Stureterminalen in Hjeltefjorden, Hordaland, 8 November 2018] (Report). The National Accident Commission for the Armed Forces. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  21. ^ a b c Aarekol, Ingrid; Arne Moe, Tom; Bolstad, Jon; Kristensen, Cato; Ording, Odd; Baisotti, Valentina; Rommetveit, Astrid (8 November 2018). "Åtte personer skadet i kollisjon mellom fregatt og tankskip" [Eight people injured in collision between frigate and tanker]. NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  22. ^ Arnesen, Mats; Nøkling, Anders (8 November 2018). "Slik skjedde fregattulykken – minutt for minutt" [This is how the frigate accident happened – minute by minute]. NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  23. ^ Eirik, Husøy (21 December 2018). "Tankskipet Sola TS ferdig reparert – seiler mot Russland" [The tanker Sola TS fully repaired - sailing towards Russia]. Aftenposten (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  24. ^ "Riksadvokaten: Alle på broen til Helge Ingstad handlet uaktsomt" [The Attorney General: Everyone on Helge Ingstad's bridge acted negligently]. Teknisk Ukeblad. Norwegian News Agency. 2022-06-29. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  25. ^ "Ikke overrasket over store skader på KNM «Helge Ingstad»" [Not surprised by major damage to KNM "Helge Ingstad"]. Verdens Gang (in Norwegian Bokmål). 2018-11-08. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  26. ^ a b Nyhammer Olsen, Adrian (23 November 2018). "Sola TS brukte morselampe for å advare KNM Helge Ingstad" [Sola TS used Morse code to warn KNM Helge Ingstad]. Sysla (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 13 May 2019. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  27. ^ a b Kampevoll, Fredrik; S. Lien, Martha; Haram, Ola (2018-11-10). "Slik var de dramatiske minuttene da KNM «Helge Ingstad» krasjet i «Sola TS»" [Such were the dramatic minutes when KNM "Helge Ingstad" crashed in "Sola TS"]. Verdens Gang (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  28. ^ "– Den eneste tanken jeg hadde i hodet, var å redde skipet" [– The only thought I had in my head was to save the ship]. Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian Bokmål). 2018-11-09. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  29. ^ "«Helge Ingstad» påført 45 meter flenge i tankskipskollisjonen" ["Helge Ingstad" suffered a 45 meter gash in the tanker collision]. Verdens Gang (in Norwegian Bokmål). Norwegian News Agency. 2018-11-24. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  30. ^ Anderson, Ina; Fenstad, Arne; Stensvold, Tore (2018-11-08). "Tidligere fregattsjef: Ingen tvil om at fregatten hadde vikeplikt" [Former frigate commander: There is no doubt that the frigate had an obligation to give way]. Teknisk Ukeblad (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  31. ^ "Nansen Class Anti-Submarine Warfare Frigates". Naval Technology. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
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  33. ^ "Fremdeles uklart når fregatten heves. Men Sola TS blir ferdig reparert før jul". Tu.no. 2018-12-04. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  34. ^ Vikøyr, Harald; Leraan Skjente, Oda; Newth, Magnus; Fernandez Stedding, Elrond (2018-11-30). "Slår alarm om mulig design-skandale på spanskbygd fregatt" [Sounding the alarm about a possible design scandal on a Spanish-built frigate]. Verdens Gang (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  35. ^ "Havarikommisjonen: Helge Ingstad kunne ha vært reddet" [Accident Investigation Board: Helge Ingstad could have been saved]. Dagsavisen (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. 2021-04-21. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  36. ^ Arnesen, Mats; Fondenes, Eivind; Halleland, Thomas; Johansen Espeland, Anett; Bye Skille, Øyvind (2018-11-26). "Fryktet eksplosjon – KNM «Helge Ingstad» havarerte 200 meter fra gassrørledning" [Fear of explosion - KNM "Helge Ingstad" crashed 200 meters from the gas pipeline]. NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  37. ^ Arnesen, Mats (2018-11-08). "Stenger oljefelt etter fregattkollisjon" [Closes oil field after frigate collision]. NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  38. ^ Andersen, Ina (2018-11-08). "Equinor starter opp Sture-terminalen og produksjonen fra oljefeltene igjen" [Equinor restarts the Sture terminal and production from the oil fields again]. Teknisk Ukeblad. Norwegian News Agency. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  39. ^ Stensvold, Tore (2018-11-14). "Forsvaret og bergingsselskap tror det vil ta tre uker å berge fregatten" [The Norwegian Defense Forces and the salvage company believe it will take three weeks to salvage the frigate]. Tenisk Ukeblad. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  40. ^ Mjaaland, Mari (2018-11-10). "Sikringsarbeidet kan ta lang tid: Uvisst om fregatten Helge Ingstad kan sjøsettes igjen" [The securing work may take a long time: It is uncertain whether the frigate Helge Ingstad can be launched again]. Aftenposten (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  41. ^ "Forsvaret har vært om bord i den havarerte fregatten" [The Norwegian Defense Forces have been on board the wrecked frigate]. Aftenposten (in Norwegian Bokmål). Norwegian News Agency. 2018-11-10. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  42. ^ Trellevik, Mads; Skarpaas Karlsen, Marie; Myredal, Mats (2018-11-10). "Mener Sjøforsvaret bør holde seg unna redningsarbeidet" [Believes the Navy should stay away from the rescue work]. Bergensavisen (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  43. ^ a b Christophersen, Rune; Ramsvik, Marita (2018-11-13). "Forsvaret avviser at vaierne var feilmontert" [The defense denies that the cables were installed incorrectly]. Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  44. ^ "Det ser ut som de har bruk sytråd: Bergingseksperter mener fregatten burde vært sikret med kjetting" [It looks like they used sewing thread: Salvage experts believe the frigate should have been secured with a chain]. Teknisk Ukeblad. Norwegian News Agency. 2018-11-13. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  45. ^ Nicolaisen, Christopher; Christophersen, Rune (2018-11-13). "Milliardfregatten har sunket – kun radartårnet er synlig" [The milliard frigate has sunk - only the radar tower is visible]. Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  46. ^ "DN: Berging av «Helge Ingstad» kan koste opptil 300.000 kroner per dag" [DN: Salvaging the frigate "Helge Ingstad" can cost up to 300,000 NOK per day]. E24 (in Norwegian Bokmål). 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  47. ^ Nordahl Finsveen, Jesper; Madshus, Karin (2018-11-18). "Disse kranbåtene skal redde milliardskipet fra havbunnen" [These crane boats will rescue the billion-dollar ship from the seabed]. Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  48. ^ Vikøyr, Harald (2018-11-22). "Fregattvraket skal heves med 16 tykke kjettinger" [The frigate wreck is to be raised with 16 thick chains]. Verdens Gang (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  49. ^ "Dykkerfartøyet framme ved havaristen Helge Ingstad" [The diving vessel in front of the casualty Helge Ingstad]. ABC Nyheter (in Norwegian). 2018-11-21. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  50. ^ Fondenes, Eivind (2018-11-22). "Tømmingen av drivstoffet på KNM «Helge Ingstad» er forsinket" [Tømmingen av drivstoffet på KNM «Helge Ingstad» er forsinket]. NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  51. ^ Vikøyr, Harald; Dybfest Dahl, Ingvill; Ertesvåg, Frank (2019-02-26). "Brukte tidevannet til hevingen - «Helge Ingstad» klar av bunnen" [Used the tide for the rise - "Helge Ingstad" clear of the bottom]. Verdens Gang (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  52. ^ Holm, Annar (2019-02-28). "Helge Ingstad fremme på Hanøytangen" [Helge Ingstad ahead at Hanøytangen]. Aftenposten (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  53. ^ "Kollisjon mellom fregatt og tankskip 8. november 2018" [Collision between frigate and tanker on 8 November 2018]. Government.no (in Norwegian). Ministry of Defense. 2018-11-08. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  54. ^ M. Olsen, Jan (8 November 2018). "Norwegian Warship Could Sink After Being Rammed by Tanker". Time. Archived from the original on 8 November 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
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  56. ^ Holm, Anna; Christophersen, Rune (2018-11-09). "Havarikommisjonen: – Vi begynner å danne oss et godt bilde av hendelsesforløpet" [Norwegian Accident Investigation Board: - We are starting to form a good picture of the sequence of events]. Aftenposten (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  57. ^ a b "Undersøkelse av sjøulykke, kollisjon utenfor Stureterminalen i Hjeltefjorden, Hordaland" [Investigation of marine accident, collision outside Stureterminalen in Hjeltefjorden, Hordaland]. Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  58. ^ a b Vikøyr, Harald (2018-11-13). "Lostjenesten: – Tankskipet holdt normal kurs ut fra Stureterminalen" [The pilot service: - The tanker maintained a normal course out of the Sture terminal]. Verdens Gang (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  59. ^ Audardottir Oldeide, Adalheidur; Christophersen, Rune; Røssum, Eystein; Fredriksen, Ingrid (16 November 2018). "Amerikansk offiser om bord da «Helge Ingstad» kolliderte" [American officer on board when "Helge Ingstad" collided]. Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian). Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  60. ^ Vikøyr, Harald; Newth, Magnus; Cantero, Christina (2018-11-29). "Sjøfartsdirektoratet: – Skal ikke bruke lys som nedsetter lanternenes synlighet" [The Norwegian Maritime Directorate: - Shall not use lights that reduce the visibility of the lanterns]. Verdens Gang (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  61. ^ "Solberg utelukker ikke erstatningskrav overfor spansk skipsverft" [Solberg does not rule out compensation claims against Spanish shipyards]. Stavanger Aftenblad (in Norwegian Bokmål). 2018-11-30. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  62. ^ "Forsvaret varsler rettslige skritt om Helge Ingstad" [The Norwegian Defense Agency announces legal action against Helge Ingstad]. ABC Nyheter (in Norwegian). 2019-02-18. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  63. ^ "Tilstandsrapport for KNM «Helge Ingstad»" [Status report for KNM "Helge Ingstad"]. Forsvarsmateriell (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  64. ^ "Forsvarsmateriell har fått oppdrag om å avhende KNM «Helge Ingstad»" [Defense material has been commissioned to dispose of KNM "Helge Ingstad"]. Forsvarsmateriell (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  65. ^ Førland Olsen, Øyvind (2019-06-26). "Helge Ingstad: Kaileie for tre millioner kroner" [Helge Ingstad: Dock lease for three million kroner]. Forsvarets Forum (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  66. ^ a b "Fregatten Helge Ingstad destrueres" [The frigate Helge Ingstad is destroyed]. Government.no (in Norwegian). Ministry of Defence. 2021-01-11. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  67. ^ Rognstrand, Andrea (2021-01-11). "Forsvarsmateriell har landet destruksjonskontrakt for KNM Helge Ingstad" [Defense material has landed a destruction contract for KNM Helge Ingstad]. Forsvarets Forum (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  68. ^ "Fregatten Helge Ingstad er nå historie" [The frigate Helge Ingstad is now history]. Forsvarsmateriell (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  69. ^ Ramsdal, Roald (2021-02-08). "Nå seiler fregatten «Helge Ingstad» for siste gang" [Now the frigate "Helge Ingstad" is sailing for the last time]. Tenisk Ukeblad. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  70. ^ Førland Olsen, Øyvind; Seiff Berge, Ylva (2019-05-15). "Helge Ingstad: Prislapp 14 milliarder kroner" [Helge Ingstad: Price tag NOK 14 billion]. Forsvarets Forum (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  71. ^ Olsen, Adrian Nyhammer (2019-11-07). "Her ligger restene av KNM «Helge Ingstad»" [Here are the remains of KNM "Helge Ingstad"]. NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  72. ^ "Delrapport 2 om kollisjonen mellom fregatten KNM Helge Ingstad og tankbåten Sola TS utenfor Stureterminalen i Hjeltefjorden, Hordaland, 8. november 2018 | shk". Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  73. ^ "Delrapport 2 om kollisjon mellom fregatten KNM Helge Ingstad og Tankbaten sola TS Utenfor Stureterminalen i Hjeltefjorden, Hordaland, 8. november 2018" [Report 2 on collision between the frigate KNM Helge Ingstad and the Tankbaten sola TS Outside Stureterminalen in Hjeltefjorden, Hordaland, 8 November 2018] (PDF). Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  74. ^ Ntb | (2021-04-21). "«Helge Ingstad» kunne ha vært reddet" ["Helge Ingstad" could have been saved]. Dagbladet (in Norwegian). Norwegian News Agency. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  75. ^ "Ny rapport fra Havarikommisjonen" [New report from the Norwegian Safety Investigation Authority]. Forsvaret (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  76. ^ Nave, Ingvild (2020-08-11). "Dette meiner Forsvaret gjekk gale då KNM «Helge Ingstad» havarerte". Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  77. ^ Rapport etter forsvarsintern undersøkelse av alvorlig hendelse med KNM Helge Ingstad i Hjeltefjorden 8. november 2018 [Report after an internal defense investigation into a serious incident with KNM Helge Ingstad in Hjeltefjorden 8 November 2018] (PDF). Norwegian Armed Forces. January 2022.
  78. ^ "Ekstern gjennomgang av bergningsoperasjonen" [External review of the salvage operation]. Government.no (in Norwegian). Ministry of Defence. 2019-09-11. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  79. ^ "Rapport om bergingsoperasjonen rundt KNM Helge Ingstad" [Report on the salvage operation around KNM Helge Ingstad]. Government.no (in Norwegian). Ministry of Defence. 2019-12-16. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  80. ^ Arstad, Svein (2020-08-24). "Rettssaken etter Helge Ingstad-ulykken utsatt et halvt år". Forsvarets Forum (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  81. ^ Broch Jensen, Adrian (2021-01-26). "Utsetter Helge Ingstad-rettsaken igjen: Rederiet vil sikre «forsvarlig behandling»" [Postponing the Helge Ingstad trial again: The shipping company will ensure "proper treatment"]. Teknisk Ukeblad. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  82. ^ "Ny utsetjing i sak om søksmål" [New adjournment in case of lawsuit]. NRK (in Norwegian Nynorsk). 2021-04-19. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  83. ^ "Forsvaret krever 15 milliarder fra DNV GL etter Helge Ingstad-ulykken" [The defense demands 15 billion from DNV GL after the Helge Ingstad accident]. Forsvarets Forum (in Norwegian Bokmål). Norwegian News Agency. 2020-11-03. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  84. ^ kolsrud, Kjetil (1 November 2021). "DNV tilkjent 4,3 mill i sakskostnader etter «Helge Ingstad»-søksmål" [DNV awarded 4.3 million in legal costs following the "Helge Ingstad" lawsuit]. Rett24 (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  85. ^ Medby, Marius; Brændshøi, Christian F. (2024-08-08). "Forsvarsdepartementet saksøker det spanske verftet Navantia". VG (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2024-08-08.
  86. ^ Berg Bentzrød, Sveinung (2021-02-02). "Nå havner Ingstad-havariet i rettssalen. Sjøforsvarets ledelse advarer mot sterk kritikk av mannskapet" [Now the Ingstad accident ends up in the courtroom. The navy's leadership warns against strong criticism of the crew.]. Aftenposten (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  87. ^ Olsen, Øyvind Førland (2020-08-12). "Siste bit av etterforskningen er på plass" [The final piece of the investigation is in place]. Forsvarets Forum (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  88. ^ Kampesæter, Silje; Rognstrand, Andrea; Arstad, Svein (2020-09-21). "Politiet ferdig med Ingstad-etterforskning" [The police have finished the Ingstad investigation]. Forsvarets Forum (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  89. ^ "Ferdig med «Helge Ingstad»-saken" [Done with the "Helge Ingstad" case]. NRK (in Norwegian Nynorsk). 2021-04-16. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  90. ^ Baisotti, Valentina; Sørenes, Synne; Sønstebø Svendseid, Bergit; Vik Helgheim, Sindre (2022-05-06). "Riksadvokaten: Beordret tiltale mot vaktsjefen på KNM «Helge Ingstad»" [Attorney General: Ordered indictment against the guard at KNM "Helge Ingstad"]. NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  91. ^ Sigurd Maurud, Jørn (4 May 2022). "Kollisjon mellom KNM Helge Ingstad og Sola TS – påtaleavgjørelse" [Collision between KNM Helge Ingstad and Sola TS - prosecution decision] (PDF). The Office of the Attorney General. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  92. ^ "Kollisjonen mellom KNM Helge Ingstad og Sola TS – riksadvokatens påtalevedtak – Riksadvokaten" [The collision between KNM Helge Ingstad and Sola TS - the Attorney General's prosecution decision - The Attorney General]. The Office of the Attorney General. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  93. ^ "Staten ved Forsvarsdepartementet ilagt foretaksstraff" [The State at the Ministry of Defence imposed corporate penalties]. Government.no (in Norwegian). Ministry of Defence. 2022-06-28. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  94. ^ Kjellevold, Kyrre; Bjerkestrand, Frode; Lunde, Ådne (2022-06-29). "Hele brobesetningen på «Helge Ingstad» handlet uaktsomt, mener Riksadvokaten" [The entire bridge crew on "Helge Ingstad" acted negligently, the Attorney General believes]. Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  95. ^ Sigurd Maurud, Jørn (17 June 2022). "Kollisjon mellom KNM Helge Ingstad og Sola TS – Påtaleavgjørelse i sak mot staten / Forsvarsdepartementet – Foretaksstraff" [Collision between KNM Helge Ingstad and Sola TS – Prosecution decision in case against the state / Ministry of Defense – Corporate penalty] (PDF). The Office of the Attorney General. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  96. ^ "Åtte uker satt av til Helge Ingstad-saken" [Eight weeks were set aside for the Helge Ingstad case]. Forsvarets Forum (in Norwegian Bokmål). 2022-06-02. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  97. ^ Olsen, Adrian Nyhammer (2023-04-03). "Uenighet etter «Helge Ingstad»-rettssaken: Statsadvokatene til frontalangrep på Sjøforsvaret" [Disagreement after the "Helge Ingstad" trial: State prosecutors to frontal attack on the Navy]. NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  98. ^ Olsen, Adrian Nyhammer; Fondenes, Eivind; Øystese, Oddgeir; Mikal Dolve, Sjur (2023-05-15). "KNM «Helge Ingstad»-ulykken: Vaktsjefen dømt til 60 dagers betinget fengsel" [KNM "Helge Ingstad" accident: The warden sentenced to 60 days' probation]. NRK (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  99. ^ Kolsrud, Kjetil (15 May 2023). "Slik begrunner tingretten at vaktsjefen på Helge Ingstad var uaktsom" [This is how the district court reasons that the duty manager at Helge Ingstad was negligent]. Rett24 (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  100. ^ "Nyheter direkte". Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian Bokmål). 2023-07-24. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
  101. ^ "KNM «Helge Ingstad»-saken skal opp i lagmannsretten" [The KNM "Helge Ingstad" case will go before the Court of Appeal]. Bergens Tidende (in Norwegian Bokmål). 2023-07-03. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
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