18650 battery
 Panasonic 18650 batteries inside a laptop. Each cell has a capacity of 2450 mAh. | |
| Type | Power source |
|---|---|
| Working principle | Electrochemical reactions, Electromotive force |
| First production | 1994 |
| Pin configuration | Anode and Cathode |
| Electronic symbol | |
 | |
An 18650 battery[1] or 1865 cell[2] is a cylindrical lithium-ion battery common in electronic devices. The batteries measure 18 mm (0.71 in) in diameter by 65 mm (2.56 in) in length, giving them the name 18650.[3] The battery comes in many nominal voltages depending on the specific chemistry used.
Panasonic first developed the 18650 battery in 1994 "when there was a growing need for ever smaller and lighter storage batteries that could be used for ever longer periods of time".[4] They are now commonly used in power tools, electric bicycles, laptops, and electric vehicles.[5]
Chemistry
[edit]![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. Find sources: "18650 battery chemistry" lithium-ion battery chemistry – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2023) |
18650 batteries are most commonly lithium-based.[citation needed]
By 2023, some sodium-ion variants were available in the 18mm x 65 mm cylindrical cell form factor as well.[6][better source needed]
In 2024, a potassium-ion variant was unveiled in the 18650 format that utilizes a proprietary 4V Potassium Prussian White cathode and a commercially available graphite anode.[7]
Packs
[edit]
18650 batteries are commonly used in packs, where a battery management system (BMS) is required, especially once cells age and perform differently. BMS boards balance the voltage of cells in series and protect against over- and under-discharge.
Size variations
[edit]It should be noted that even though an 18650 battery is nominally sized at a diameter of 18 mm (0.71 in) and a length of 65 mm (2.6 in), with minor dimensional variations between manufacturers, there are some cells available, sold as 18650, that do not follow these dimensions.
An example is the product "880-1558: Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Battery, 18650, 3.7V" [8] from RS Components Pty Ltd. This particular cell has battery protection features, with extra electronics within its casing, making the overall length 70 mm (2.8 in), and therefore 7.7% longer. This is too long to fit into many battery holders and recesses that are intended for the standard 65 mm (2.6 in) length.
Products using 18650 cells
[edit]18650 battery cells are used in a wide variety of products from the 1990s through the 2020s, and are widely regarded as the most produced lithium-ion cell size.[9] 18650/1865 cells are used in many laptop computer batteries, cordless power tools, many electric cars, electric scooters,[10] most e-bikes, older portable powerbanks, electronic cigarettes,[11][12] portable fans, and LED flashlights. Nominal voltage is 3.6-3.7 V.[13][5]
In the electric automobile sector, they are used in the first three vehicles manufactured by Tesla, the first-generation Roadster (late 2000s), Model S (2012+), and the Model X (2015+).[14]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ August Neverman (12 November 2022). "Everything You Need to Know About the 18650 Battery". Common Sense Home.
- ^ Jake Christensen (2022-05-20). "Tesla Tab Talk". Bosch.
- ^ Zollo, Bob (19 September 2018). "The Standard 18650 Li-Ion Cell Isn't Always Standard". Electronic Design. 21807019. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
- ^ "Corporate History: 1994". Panasonic Holdings. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
- ^ a b Muenzel, Valentin; Hollenkamp, Anthony F.; Bhatt, Anand I.; Hoog, Julian de; Brazil, Marcus; Thomas, Doreen A.; Mareels, Iven (2015-05-28). "A Comparative Testing Study of Commercial 18650-Format Lithium-Ion Battery Cells". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 162 (8): A1592. doi:10.1149/2.0721508jes. hdl:11343/55225. ISSN 1945-7111. S2CID 93255496.
- ^ "Sodium Ion 1250 mAh 50A 18650 Rechargeable Battery". SRIKO Batteries | Online store for electronics | Online battery store. Retrieved 2023-10-16.
- ^ Group1. "Group1 Unveils First Potassium-ion Battery in 18650 Format". www.prnewswire.com. Retrieved 2024-09-05.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Lithium-Ion Rechargeable Battery, 18650". au.rs-online.com. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Most Popular Lithium-Ion Cells for Custom Battery Packs". www.rosebatteries.com. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
- ^ "Xiaomi M365 Specifications". 31 July 2019. Archived from the original on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
- ^ "Reddit Electronic Cigarette Wiki". reddit.com. Archived from the original on 16 April 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2015.
- ^ "List of Battery Tests". e-cigarette-forum. 22 June 2015. Retrieved 24 September 2019.
- ^ "HDS Systems: Frequently Asked Questions – Answers to questions about our flashlights and technologies". Hdslights.com. 2005-08-13. Archived from the original on 2013-10-17. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
- ^ "What Batteries Are Tesla Using In Its Electric Cars?". Inside EVs. 23 May 2022. Retrieved 6 March 2024.