1914

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1914 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1914
MCMXIV
Ab urbe condita2667
Armenian calendar1363
ԹՎ ՌՅԿԳ
Assyrian calendar6664
Baháʼí calendar70–71
Balinese saka calendar1835–1836
Bengali calendar1321
Berber calendar2864
British Regnal yearGeo. 5 – 5 Geo. 5
Buddhist calendar2458
Burmese calendar1276
Byzantine calendar7422–7423
Chinese calendar癸丑年 (Water Ox)
4611 or 4404
    — to —
甲寅年 (Wood Tiger)
4612 or 4405
Coptic calendar1630–1631
Discordian calendar3080
Ethiopian calendar1906–1907
Hebrew calendar5674–5675
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1970–1971
 - Shaka Samvat1835–1836
 - Kali Yuga5014–5015
Holocene calendar11914
Igbo calendar914–915
Iranian calendar1292–1293
Islamic calendar1332–1333
Japanese calendarTaishō 3
(大正3年)
Javanese calendar1843–1845
Juche calendar3
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4247
Minguo calendarROC 3
民國3年
Nanakshahi calendar446
Thai solar calendar2456–2457
Tibetan calendar阴水牛年
(female Water-Ox)
2040 or 1659 or 887
    — to —
阳木虎年
(male Wood-Tiger)
2041 or 1660 or 888

1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1914th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 914th year of the 2nd millennium, the 14th year of the 20th century, and the 5th year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1914, the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

This year saw the beginning of what became known as World War I, after Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austrian throne was assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip. It also saw the first airline to provide scheduled regular commercial passenger services with heavier-than-air aircraft, with the St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line.

Events[edit]

January[edit]

February[edit]

March[edit]

April[edit]

May[edit]

June[edit]

This picture of the arrest of a suspect in Sarajevo is usually associated with the arrest of Gavrilo Princip, although some[26][27] believe it depicts Ferdinand Behr, a bystander.

July[edit]

Map of European alliances in 1914

August[edit]

Mobilization in Germany.
London Daily Mail on Aug 5

September[edit]

Pope Benedict XV, the new pope

October[edit]

November[edit]

December[edit]

Date unknown[edit]

Births[edit]

Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January[edit]

Noor Inayat Khan

February[edit]

William S. Burroughs
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
Robert Alda

March[edit]

Juan Carlos Onganía
Norman Borlaug
Edmund Muskie
Octavio Paz

April[edit]

Alec Guinness
María Félix

May[edit]

Tyrone Power
Hank Snow
Joe Louis

June[edit]

Yuri Andropov
E.G. Marshall

July[edit]

Christl Cranz
Willi Stoph
Jo Cals
Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin
Clayton Moore
Adolfo Bioy Casares
Thor Heyerdahl
Juanita Moore
Jonas Salk
Hedy Lamarr

August[edit]

September[edit]

October[edit]

November[edit]

Abd al-Karim Qasim
Joe DiMaggio

December[edit]

Dorothy Lamour
Karl Carstens

Date unknown[edit]

Deaths[edit]

Deaths
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January[edit]

Leonie Aviat

February[edit]

Per Pålsson

March[edit]

Carlos Felipe Morales
George Westinghouse
Christian Morgenstern

April[edit]

Empress Shōken
Elena Guerra
Eduard Suess

May[edit]

Élisabeth Leseur
Eugenio Montero Ríos

June[edit]

Abraam
Bertha von Suttner
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria

July[edit]

August[edit]

Roque Saenz Peña
Pope Pius X

September[edit]

Mostafa Fahmy Pasha
August Macke

October[edit]

Carol I of Romania
Julio Argentino Roca
José Evaristo Uriburu

November[edit]

August Weismann

December[edit]

Date unknown[edit]

Nobel Prizes[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ FAA Aviation News. Office of Public Affairs, Federal Aviation Agency. 1967. p. 12.
  2. ^ The Associated Press Library of Disasters: Volcanoes. Grolier Educational. September 1997. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7172-9172-4.
  3. ^ Bartlett, Robert; Ralph Hale (1916). The Last Voyage of the Karluk. Toronto: McLelland, Goodchild and Stewart. pp. 90–91.
  4. ^ United States. Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital Office; United States. Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks of the National Capital (1927). The Lincoln Memorial, Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 466.
  5. ^ Richard Synyer Hill (1987). Richard S. Hill--tributes from Friends. Information Coordinators. p. 366. ISBN 978-0-89990-035-3.
  6. ^ The Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. Encyclopedia Britannica Company. 1922. p. 632.
  7. ^ Gordana Filipović (1989). Kosovo--past and Present. Review of International Affairs. p. 75.
  8. ^ Herbert Francis Wright (1919). The Constitutions of the States at War, 1914-1918. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 1.
  9. ^ Dario Gamboni (1997). The Destruction of Art: Iconoclasm and Vandalism Since the French Revolution. Reaktion Books. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-948462-94-8.
  10. ^ Adams, Charles Henry (March 26, 1914). "New York Day By Day". The Evening Independent. St. Petersburg, Florida. p. 7. Archived from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved July 14, 2014.
  11. ^ Richard Stuart Atkinson; T. B. Boulton (1989). The History of Anaesthesia. Royal Society of Medicine Services. pp. 436–440. ISBN 978-0-929858-18-0.
  12. ^ JoAnne Van Tilburg (1994). Easter Island: Archaeology, Ecology and Culture. Smithsonion Institution Press. p. 16. ISBN 978-1-56098-510-5.
  13. ^ Johnston, Hugh (February 7, 2006). "Komagata Maru; The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Archived from the original on April 5, 2021. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  14. ^ Professional Journal of the United States Army. Command and General Staff School. 1979. p. 77.
  15. ^ "Parks Canada - Archives". www.pc.gc.ca. Archived from the original on February 20, 2018. Retrieved February 4, 2018.
  16. ^ South African Panorama. South African Information Service. 1956. p. 19.
  17. ^ Hageman, William (March 30, 2014). "Seminary gave way to Cub faithful". Chicago Tribune. A. p. 14.
  18. ^ Anita Hopmans; Kees van Dongen; Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen (1996). The Van Dongen Nobody Knows: Early and Fauvist Drawings 1895-1912. Boijmans Van Beuningen Museum. p. 312. ISBN 978-90-6918-170-7. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  19. ^ Edward Capps (1963). Greece, Albania, and Northern Epirus. Argonaut. p. 14. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  20. ^ Jessie Blackbourn (August 7, 2014). Anti-Terrorism Law and Normalising Northern Ireland. Routledge. p. 13. ISBN 978-1-317-96419-3. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  21. ^ M. D. Dewar (1989). Collisions at Sea - How?. Brown, Son & Ferguson. p. 375. ISBN 978-0-85174-561-9. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  22. ^ Meil Mccart (1990). ATLANTIC LINERS CUNA. HarperCollins. p. 98. ISBN 978-1-85260-065-5. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  23. ^ The Living Age. E. Littell & Company. 1918. p. 664. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  24. ^ The Atlanta Constitution 1914-06-17 p. 1.
  25. ^ Society for Psychical Research (1923). Proceedings. p. 600. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  26. ^ Finestone, Jeffrey; Massie, Robert K. (1981). The Last Courts of Europe. Dent. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-460-04519-3. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  27. ^ Smith, David James (2010). One Morning In Sarajevo. Hachette UK. ISBN 978-0-297-85608-5. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved September 27, 2016. He was photographed on the way to the station and the photograph has been reproduced many times in books and articles, claiming to depict the arrest of Gavrilo Princip. But there is no photograph of Princip's arrest – this photograph shows the arrest of Behr.
  28. ^ "International exhibition became known as a city". Bristol Post. July 9, 2013. Archived from the original on February 1, 2014. Retrieved January 28, 2014.
  29. ^ Admiralty Circular CW.13963/14, 1 July 1914: "Royal Naval Air Service – Organisation"
  30. ^ "Plan Big Meeting For Dead Bomb Men: Demonstration in Union Square by Anti-Militarist League Announced for Tomorrow" (pdf). The New York Times. July 10, 1914. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 20, 2018. Retrieved July 13, 2008.
  31. ^ Army Information Digest. U.S. Department of the Army. p. 4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  32. ^ Theodore William Moody; Francis X. Martin; Francis John Byrne (1976). A New History of Ireland: Ireland, 1921-84. Clarendon Press. p. 142. ISBN 978-0-19-958374-4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  33. ^ Tsuneo Ayabe (1998). Nation-state, Identity, and Religion in Southeast Asia. Singapore Society of Asian Studies. p. 127. ISBN 978-9971-9903-5-0. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  34. ^ The Guide to American Law: Everyone's Legal Encyclopedia. West Publishing Company. 1983. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-314-73224-8. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  35. ^ Interstate Port Handbook. Vance Publishing Corporation. 1976. p. 15. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  36. ^ Financial World. Financial World Partners. 1918. p. 9. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  37. ^ Volker Rolf Berghahn (1973). Germany and the Approach of War in 1914. Macmillan. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-333-10696-9. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  38. ^ "August 1914". WarChron. 2007. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 16, 2014.
  39. ^ "The First Shot of World War I". Coastal Defences of Colonial Victoria. 1997. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2012.
  40. ^ Marilène Patten Henry (1996). Monumental Accusations: The Monuments Aux Morts as Expressions of Popular Resentment. P. Lang. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-8204-2807-9. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  41. ^ a b "The Gold Coast Mobilized, A Proud Record: The case of Sergeant Grunshi". The Times. No. 48572. London. March 25, 1940. p. 7.
  42. ^ Thompson, J. Lee (2007). Forgotten Patriot: A Life of Alfred, Viscount Milner of St. James's and Cape Town, 1854-1925. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 311. ISBN 978-0-8386-4121-7.
  43. ^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
  44. ^ United States. Department of State (1974). Declarations of War: Severances of Diplomatic Relations 1914-1918. Scholarly Resources. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-8420-1798-5.
  45. ^ Claims Commission United States and Mexico (1929). Opinions of Commissioners Under the Convention Concluded September 8, 1923, Between the U.S. and Mexico. p. 143.
  46. ^ Army Information Digest. U.S. Department of the Army. p. 18.
  47. ^ Richard A. Bányai (1976). Money and Finance in Mexico During the Constitutionalist Revolution, 1913-1917. Tai Wan Enterprises Company. p. 28.
  48. ^ Military Review. 1934. p. 57. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  49. ^ Richard Brandon Morris; Graham W. Irwin (1970). Harper Encyclopedia of the Modern World: A Concise Reference History from 1760 to the Present. Harper & Row. p. 397. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  50. ^ Military Review. 1940. pp. 15–16. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  51. ^ Antony Preston (1972). Battleships of World War I: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Battleships of All Nations, 1914-1918. Galahad Books. p. 93. ISBN 978-0-88365-300-5. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  52. ^ The Library Chronicle of the University of Texas at Austin. M.B. Lamar Library. 1978. p. 30. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
  53. ^ Encyclopedia Americana. Americana Corporation. 1965. p. 277. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  54. ^ United States Military Academy. Department of Military Art and Engineering (1953). Summaries of Selected Military Campaigns. The Academy. p. 89. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  55. ^ Papua New Guinea: A Travel Survival Kit. Lonely Planet Publications. 1998. p. 299. ISBN 978-0-86442-402-0.
  56. ^ Herwig, H. (2009). The Marne, 1914: The Opening of World War I and the Battle that Changed the World. New York: Random House. pp. 217–219. ISBN 978-1-4000-6671-1.
  57. ^ Military Review. 1933. p. 137. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  58. ^ Paul Henderson (1985). Parliament and Politics in Australia: Political Institutions and Foreign Relations. Heinemann Educational Australia. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-85859-381-7.
  59. ^ Bennet, Geoffrey (2001). Naval Battles of the First World War. Penguin Books.
  60. ^ Gerald Herman (1992). The Pivotal Conflict: A Comprehensive Chronology of the First World War, 1914-1919. Greenwood Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-313-22793-6. Archived from the original on November 25, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  61. ^ United States. Federal Trade Commission (1930). Statutes and Court Decisions, Federal Trade Commission. p. 467.
  62. ^ United States Military Academy. Department of Military Art and Engineering (1953). Summaries of Selected Military Campaigns. The Academy. pp. 80–85. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  63. ^ Dennis Gordon (2000). The Lafayette Flying Corps: The American Volunteers in the French Air Service in World War One. Schiffer Pub. p. 436. ISBN 978-0-7643-1108-6. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  64. ^ New Perspectives on Turkey. Simon's Rock of Bard College. 1999. p. 28.
  65. ^ Armine John Kerry; W. A. McDill (1962). The History of the Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers. Military Engineers Association of Canada. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-9682063-0-0. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  66. ^ Belgium. Ministère de la justice (1918). Reply to the German White Book of the 10th May, 1915, "Die Völkerrechtswidrige Führung Des Belgischen Volkskriegs.". H. M. Stationery Office - Sir J. Causton & sons, Limited, printers. p. 77. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  67. ^ a b Selcuk Aksin Somel (2010). The A to Z of the Ottoman Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 324. ISBN 978-0-8108-7579-1.
  68. ^ Ross Anderson (2002). "8". The Battle of Tanga 1914. Tempus. ISBN 978-0-7524-2349-4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  69. ^ Lüdke, Tilman (December 17, 2018). "Jihad, Holy War (Ottoman Empire)". International Encyclopedia of the First World War (WW1). Archived from the original on October 3, 2023. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  70. ^ Robert Brasillach (2002). A Translation of Notre Avant-guerre/Before the War by Robert Brasillach. Mellen Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-7734-7158-0. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  71. ^ Digikoivikko: Joensuun uuden kaupungintalon vihkijuhlat – Vaarakirjastot Archived July 9, 2021, at the Wayback Machine (in Finnish)
  72. ^ Michelin Travel Publications (2000). Yale University and New Haven. Michelin Travel Publications/Michelin North America. p. 51. ISBN 978-2-06-155201-8. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  73. ^ Joel H. Silbey (1994). Encyclopedia of the American Legislative System: Legislatures and public policy. C. Scribner's Sons. p. 1428. ISBN 978-0-684-19600-8. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
  74. ^ Richard Collier (1971). Duce!: A Biography of Benito Mussolini. Viking Press. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-670-28603-4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  75. ^ Alexander, C. (1998). The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition. New York: Knopf. pp. 12 15. ISBN 978-0-375-40403-0.
  76. ^ "Egypt: a constitution". Time. April 28, 1923. Archived from the original on October 15, 2007. Retrieved August 24, 2012.
  77. ^ The Journal of Military History. Virginia Military Institute and the George C. Marshall Foundation. 1997. p. 481.
  78. ^ R. D. Layman (1996). Naval Aviation in the First World War: Its Impact and Influence. Chatham. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-86176-007-4.
  79. ^ Charis Chan (1999). China. Odyssey. p. 157. ISBN 978-962-217-604-1.
  80. ^ Ronald D. Miller; Roy F. Cucchiara (1994). Anesthesia. Churchill Livingstone. p. 346. ISBN 978-0-443-08906-0.
  81. ^ Stikkers, Andre (2014). Glycine Airman Book - Play it again Sam! Airman History and Overview (3rd ed.). The Netherlands: Adr. Heinen. pp. 15, 66. ISBN 978-90-8680-157-2.
  82. ^ Linda Schmittroth; Mary Kay Rosteck (1998). People of the Holocaust. UXL. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-7876-1745-5.
  83. ^ Jeffrey, Connie (January 2, 2019). "Teacher, Traveler, Social Worker, Friend: Anita Johnson Mackey Turns 105". Southern California Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. Retrieved November 8, 2022.
  84. ^ Lawrence D. Kritzman; Brian J. Reilly; M. B. DeBevoise (2006). The Columbia History of Twentieth-century French Thought. Columbia University Press. p. 673. ISBN 978-0-231-10790-7. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  85. ^ Chase's Calendar of Events 2020: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months. Rowman & Littlefield. September 24, 2019. p. 73. ISBN 978-1-64143-316-7. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
  86. ^ Mike Hennessey (1994). Klook: The Story of Kenny Clarke. University of Pittsburgh Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-8229-5809-3. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 29, 2021.
  87. ^ Current World Leaders. International Academy. 1980. p. 236. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  88. ^ United States. Congress. House Appropriations (1967). Departments of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare Appropriations for 1968: Hearings ... 90th Congress, 1st Session. p. 468. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  89. ^ Dod's Parliamentary Companion. Dod's Parliamentary Companion, Limited. 2002. p. 520. ISBN 978-0-905702-36-0. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  90. ^ Margaret Littler (1991). Alfred Andersch (1914-1980) and the Reception of French Thought in the Federal Republic of Germany. Edwin Mellen Press. p. 346. ISBN 978-0-7734-9679-8. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  91. ^ Joan Hawkins; Alex Wermer-Colan (May 17, 2019). William S. Burroughs Cutting Up the Century. Indiana University Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-253-04136-4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  92. ^ Neil Schlager (2000). Science and Its Times: 1950-present. Gale Group. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-7876-3939-6. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  93. ^ Barry Kernfeld, ed. (2002). "Adler, Larry". The new Grove dictionary of jazz. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). New York: Grove's Dictionaries Inc. p. 16. ISBN 1-56159-284-6.
  94. ^ McLellan, Dennis (February 15, 1914). "Kevin McCarthy obituary: 'Body Snatchers' actor McCarthy dies". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on October 29, 2011. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
  95. ^ Patricia Burgess; Trish Burgess (August 1989). Annual Obituary, 1986. Saint James Press. p. 287. ISBN 978-1-55862-013-1. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  96. ^ Guy Atkins; Troels Andersen (1977). Asger Jorn, the Crucial Years, 1954-1964. Lund Humphries. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-85331-398-4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  97. ^ Daniel Jaffé (March 8, 2012). Historical Dictionary of Russian Music. Scarecrow Press. p. 183. ISBN 978-0-8108-7980-5. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  98. ^ "FREDERICK MODISE AND THE INTERNATIONAL PENTECOST CHURCH". October 2, 2014. Archived from the original on October 2, 2014.
  99. ^ Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1969. p. 292. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  100. ^ Britannica Educational Publishing (October 1, 2009). The 100 Most Influential Women of All Time. Britannica Educational Publishing. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-61530-058-7. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  101. ^ The Strad. Orpheus. 1991. p. 201. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  102. ^ Peggy Saari; Stephen Allison; Marie C. Ellavich (1996). Scientists: A-F. U-X-L. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-7876-0960-3. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  103. ^ United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities (1973). Presidential Campaign Activities of 1972, Senate Resolution 60: Watergate and Related Activities: Hearings, Ninety-third Congress. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 4865–. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  104. ^ Henry Townsend; Bill Greensmith (1999). A Blues Life. University of Illinois Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-252-02526-6. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  105. ^ Jose Quiroga; James Hardin (1999). Understanding Octavio Paz. Univ of South Carolina Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-57003-263-9. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  106. ^ Piers Paul Read (June 21, 2005). Alec Guinness: The Authorised Biography. Simon and Schuster. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-7432-4498-5. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  107. ^ Field Marshal KM Kariappa Memorial Lectures, 1995-2000. Lancer Publishers. 2001. p. 21. ISBN 978-81-7062-119-5. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
  108. ^ Mucina, Ladislav; Podani, Janos; Feoli, Enrico (2018). "David W. Goodall (1914-2018): An ecologist of the century". Community Ecology. 19 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1556/168.2018.19.1.10. hdl:10831/67075.
  109. ^ Renate Gunther (July 5, 2002). Marguerite Duras. Manchester University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-7190-5757-1. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  110. ^ Mejia, Carolina (April 8, 2019). "Maria Feliz: 10 datos intimos de la diva del cine mexicano" [Maria Feliz: 10 intimate facts about the diva of Mexican Cinema] (in Spanish). El Univerasl de10.mx. Archived from the original on June 1, 2019. Retrieved June 2, 2019.
  111. ^ Maurice Horn (1999). The World Encyclopedia of Cartoons. Chelsea House. p. 461. ISBN 978-0-7910-5187-0.
  112. ^ Maxine Block; Anna Herthe Rothe; Marjorie Dent Candee (2004). Current Biography Yearbook. H.W. Wilson. p. 673.
  113. ^ Susan M. Trosky (August 1989). Contemporary Authors. Gale Research International, Limited. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8103-1952-3. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 22, 2021.
  114. ^ "Professor dr. Adriaan Blaauw turns ninety". April 1, 2004. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011.
  115. ^ Facts on File World News Digest Yearbook. Facts on File News Services. 2000. p. 512. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  116. ^ Philip Davis (September 13, 2007). Bernard Malamud: A Writer's Life. OUP Oxford. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-19-160843-8. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  117. ^ James E. Wise (Jr.); Anne Collier Rehill (1999). Stars in the Corps: Movie Actors in the United States Marines. Naval Institute Press. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-55750-949-9. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  118. ^ Ralph Schoolcraft (May 26, 2012). Romain Gary: The Man Who Sold His Shadow. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-8122-0320-2. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  119. ^ Gramophone. General Gramophone Publications Limited. 2005. p. 19. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  120. ^ PETER KRAMPERT (March 23, 2016). The Encyclopedia of the Harmonica. Mel Bay Publications. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-61911-577-4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  121. ^ Ian Morrison (1988). Boxing: The Records. Guinness Books. p. 85. ISBN 978-0-85112-345-5. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  122. ^ "Hideko Maehata". Olympic.org. Archived from the original on April 22, 2021.
  123. ^ Atanas Bozhkov (1991). Boris Christoff: An Authorized Biography. Robson. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-86051-731-3. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  124. ^ Ed. Martin (1995). Contemporary Fashion. St. James Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-55862-173-2. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  125. ^ Manchester Memoirs. The Society. 1999. p. 113. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  126. ^ Daniel Horowitz (November 9, 2000). Vance Packard and American Social Criticism. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8078-6211-7. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  127. ^ Hal May; Ann Evory (February 1986). Contemporary Authors. Gale Research International, Limited. p. 369. ISBN 978-0-8103-1916-5. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  128. ^ Poets of Tomorrow. Hogarth Press. 1939. p. 45. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  129. ^ Soviet Life. Embassy of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics in the USA. 1984. p. 3. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  130. ^ Friends Journal. Friends Publishing Corporation. 1997. p. 18.
  131. ^ "Lee, (Wilfred) Jack Raymond". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/77340. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  132. ^ Ahmadullah, Hafez; Qadir, Ridwanul (2018). মাশায়েখে চাটগাম [Mashayekh-e Chatgam] (in Bengali). Dhaka: Ahmad Publication. pp. 162–185. ISBN 978-984-92106-4-1.
  133. ^ Nigeria, Sheroes (February 10, 2018). "Chief Mrs. Margaret Affiong Ekpo (27th June 1914-21st September 2006)". Sheroes Nigeria. Archived from the original on April 30, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  134. ^ Guy A. Marco (1993). Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound in the United States. Garland Pub. p. 377. ISBN 978-0-8240-4782-5. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  135. ^ Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1976. p. 15. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  136. ^ Everett Jenkins (1996). Pan-African Chronology: 1914-1929. McFarland & Company. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7864-0835-1. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  137. ^ "Buscan convertir en museo la casa de Troilo" [They seek to turn the house of Troilo into a museum] (in Spanish). parlamentario.com. May 17, 2007. Archived from the original on October 2, 2019. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
  138. ^ Sutherland, Ben (November 27, 2018). "The Prince And I: The story of the last Thai F1 driver". BBC. Archived from the original on February 9, 2023. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
  139. ^ "Cals, Jozef Maria Laurens Theo (1914–1971)" (in Dutch). Huygens ING. November 12, 2013. Archived from the original on May 2, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2019.
  140. ^ American Men of Medicine. The Institute. 1961. p. 357. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  141. ^ Who's who in European Institutions and Organizations. Who's Who, the International Red Series Verlag GmbH. 1982. p. 390. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  142. ^ Mel Gussow (April 11, 2001). "Beatrice Straight, Versatile Star, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
  143. ^ St James Press (1994). Reference Guide to Short Fiction. St. James Press. p. 276. ISBN 978-1-55862-334-7. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  144. ^ Hevesi, Dennis (April 24, 2009). "Ken Annakin, 'Magnificent' Director, Dies at 94". The New York Times. Archived from the original on April 17, 2021. Retrieved April 27, 2009.
  145. ^ Behrens, Roy R. "Paul Rand." Print, Sept–Oct. 1999: pages 68 ff
  146. ^ NATO Letter. North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Information Division. 1957. p. 3. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  147. ^ Ilan Stavans (1996). Julio Cortázar: A Study of the Short Fiction. Twayne Publishers. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-8057-8293-6. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  148. ^ Roger D. Launius (2004). Frontiers of Space Exploration. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-313-32524-3. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
  149. ^ Jürgen Elvert (1994). Nordirland in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 184. ISBN 978-3-515-06102-5. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  150. ^ Chase's Calendar of Events 2006. McGraw-Hill. September 2005. p. 469. ISBN 978-0-07-146110-8. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  151. ^ Tapol. Tapol, the British Campaign for the Release of Indonesian Political Prisoners. 2004. p. 23. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  152. ^ Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1979. p. 471. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  153. ^ Robert Murphy (July 25, 2019). Directors in British and Irish Cinema: A Reference Companion. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 260. ISBN 978-1-83871-532-8. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  154. ^ Paul Donnelley (2000). Fade to Black: A Book of Movie Obituaries. Omnibus. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-7119-7984-0. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  155. ^ Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. The Branch. 2006. p. 27. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  156. ^ Richard Hall (1978). The Real John Kerr: His Brilliant Career. Angus & Robertson. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-207-13791-4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  157. ^ Luther, Claudia (January 23, 2011). "Jack LaLanne obituary: Jack LaLanne dies at 96; spiritual father of U.S. fitness movement". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
  158. ^ United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Rules and Administration (1975). Nomination of Daniel J. Boorstin of the District of Columbia to be Librarian of Congress: Hearings Before the Committee on Rules and Administration, United States Senate, Ninety-fourth Congress, First Session ... U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 24. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  159. ^ United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Oceans and Atmosphere (1972). International Conference on Ocean Pollution: Hearings, Ninety-second Congress, Second Session ... U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 42. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  160. ^ The Illustrated Weekly of India. Published for the proprietors, Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1975. p. 39. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  161. ^ Robyn V. Young; Suzanne Sessine (2000). World of Chemistry. Gale Group. p. 295. ISBN 978-0-7876-3650-0. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  162. ^ Official Associated Press Almanac. New York Times, Book & Educational Division. 1970. p. 544. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  163. ^ Clifford Thompson (December 1999). Current Biography Yearbook: 1999. Hw Wilson Company. p. 217. ISBN 978-0-8242-0988-9. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  164. ^ Thomas J. Travisano (December 29, 1999). Midcentury Quartet: Bishop, Lowell, Jarrell, Berryman, and the Making of a Postmodern Aesthetic. University of Virginia Press. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-8139-2918-7. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  165. ^ Robyn Karney (1984). The Movie Stars Story. Crescent Books. p. 54. ISBN 978-0-517-43736-0. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  166. ^ Derek Cyril Perkins (1995). Dylan Thomas and His World. Domino Books (Wales). p. 13. ISBN 978-1-85772-160-7. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  167. ^ Oren Harman; Michael R. Dietrich (July 20, 2018). Dreamers, Visionaries, and Revolutionaries in the Life Sciences. University of Chicago Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-0-226-56990-1. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  168. ^ Shetty, Prabhakara H. (October 30, 1993). "Richard Laurence Millington Synge". In James, Laylin K. (ed.). Nobel Laureates in Chemistry, 1901-1992. Chemical Heritage Foundation. p. 356. ISBN 978-0-8412-2690-6. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  169. ^ Michael Olinick (1978). An Introduction to Mathematical Models in the Social and Life Sciences. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-201-05448-4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 26, 2021.
  170. ^ Haefner, Laura (May 11, 2021). "Norman Lloyd, Actor in 'St. Elsewhere' and Hitchcock's 'Saboteur,' Dies at 106". Archived from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.
  171. ^ Cleveland Amory (1959). International Celebrity Register. Celebrity Register. p. 248.
  172. ^ Gian Luigi Rondi (1967). Italian Cinema Today: 1952-1965. Dobson. p. 120. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved May 2, 2021.
  173. ^ Lois Sakany (November 2002). Joe DiMaggio. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8239-3779-0. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  174. ^ Cleveland Amory (1959). International Celebrity Register. Celebrity Register. p. 420.
  175. ^ Staff of The New York Public Library (November 6, 2001). The New York Public Library Literature Companion. Simon and Schuster. p. 551. ISBN 978-1-4391-3721-5. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  176. ^ Frank Cullen; Florence Hackman; Donald McNeilly (2007). Vaudeville old & new: an encyclopedia of variety performances in America. Psychology Press. p. 432. ISBN 978-0-415-93853-2. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  177. ^ Harris M. Lentz (February 4, 2014). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945. Routledge. p. 311. ISBN 978-1-134-26490-2. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  178. ^ Murray Polner (1982). American Jewish Biographies. Facts on File, Incorporated. p. 445. ISBN 978-0-87196-462-5.
  179. ^ Science Chronicle. Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research. 1974. p. 67. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  180. ^ The Australian Journal of Science. Australian National Research Council. 1964. p. 254. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  181. ^ Cleveland Amory; Earl Blackwell (1963). Celebrity Register. Simon and Schuster. p. 656. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  182. ^ Sons of the American Revolution (1914). National Year Book. Sons of the American Revolution. p. 98. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 20, 2021.
  183. ^ M, WC (1915). "Obituary Notices of Fellows Deceased. A. C. L. G. Günther, 1830–1914". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B. 88 (608): xi–xxvi. doi:10.1098/rspb.1915.0016.
  184. ^ Diane Telgen (1993). Something about the Author. Cengage Gale. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-8103-2284-4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  185. ^ Grolier Incorporated (1996). The Encyclopedia Americana. Grolier Incorporated. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-7172-0130-3. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  186. ^ American Society of Mechanical Engineers (1927). Year Book. The Society. p. xcv.
  187. ^ Rudyard Kipling (1990). The Letters of Rudyard Kipling: 1911-19. University of Iowa Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-87745-657-5.
  188. ^ Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (1914). Minutes of the Meetings of the Board of Trustees and Executive Committee. The Endowment. p. 176.
  189. ^ "Prof. G. Mercalli Burned To Death; Famous Director of Vesuvian Observatory Upsets Oil Lamp Upon Himself". The New York Times. March 20, 1914. Archived from the original on January 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  190. ^ Atlantic Brief Lives. 1971. p. 532. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  191. ^ Guenther Wachsmuth (1955). The Life and Work of Rudolf Steiner from the Turn of the Century to His Death. Whittier Books. p. 221. ISBN 978-0-89345-249-0. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  192. ^ John Parker (1967). Who's who in the Theatre. Pitman. p. 1640. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
  193. ^ "Eaton, Edith Maud". Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Archived from the original on July 31, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
  194. ^ Cadwallader, Thomas C. (1974). "Charles S. Peirce (1839–1914): The first American experimental psychologist". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. 10 (3): 291–8. doi:10.1002/1520-6696(197407)10:3<291::AID-JHBS2300100304>3.0.CO;2-N. PMID 11609224.
  195. ^ The Bay View Magazine. J. M. Hall. 1914. p. 467. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  196. ^ Marelene F. Rayner-Canham; Geoffrey Rayner-Canham (1998). Women in Chemistry: Their Changing Roles from Alchemical Times to the Mid-twentieth Century. Chemical Heritage Foundation. p. 61. ISBN 978-0-941901-27-7. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  197. ^ Institution of Electrical Engineers (1915). Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers. Institution of Electrical Engineers. p. 722. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  198. ^ Sir John Alexander Hammerton (1975). Concise Universal Biography: A Dictionary of the Famous Men and Women of All Countries and All Times... Gale Research Company. p. 1288. ISBN 978-0-8103-4209-5.
  199. ^ New Perspectives. Information Centre of the World Peace Council. 1983. p. 31. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  200. ^ Snyder, Timothy (May 27, 2009). The Red Prince: The Fall of a Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Europe. Random House. p. 284. ISBN 978-1-4070-2080-8. Archived from the original on October 18, 2023. Retrieved March 18, 2023.
  201. ^ Cuthbert William Hill (1973). Joseph Chamberlain: An Illustrated Life of Joseph Chamberlain, 1836-1914. Shire Publications. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-85263-174-4. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 17, 2021.
  202. ^ Hsi-Huey Liang (July 11, 2002). The Rise of Modern Police and the European State System from Metternich to the Second World War. Cambridge University Press. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-521-52287-8.
  203. ^ United States. Naval History Division. Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. p. 346.
  204. ^ PN Review. Department of English, University of Manchester. 1983. p. 12.
  205. ^ Rodica Zafiu, "Demetriade Mircea", in Aurel Sasu (ed.), Dicționarul biografic al literaturii române, Vol. I, p. 471. Pitești: Editura Paralela 45, 2004. ISBN 973-697-758-7
  206. ^ Frank Northen Magill (1997). Cyclopedia of World Authors. Salem Press. p. 31. ISBN 978-0-89356-435-3.
  207. ^ Glenn E. Torrey (1998). Romania and World War I: A Collection of Studies. Center for Romanian Studies. p. 65. ISBN 978-973-98391-6-7.
  208. ^ Halpern, Paul G. (2004). "Cradock, Sir Christopher George Francis Maurice (1862–1914), naval officer | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32607. Retrieved June 29, 2019. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  209. ^ Austrian Information. Information Department of the Austrian Consulate General. 1987. p. 6.
  210. ^ United States Congressional Serial Set. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1915. p. 19.
  211. ^ "Rugby Union Footballers are Doing their Duty. Over 90% Have Enlisted. British Athletes! Will You Follow this Glorious Example?". World Digital Library. 1915. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
  212. ^ Houri Berberian, Armenians and the Iranian constitutional revolution of 1905-1911: "the love for freedom has no fatherland", Westview Press, 2001. (p. 154).
  213. ^ Chemical Society (Great Britain) (1915). Journal of the Chemical Society. The Society. p. 582. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 14, 2021.
  214. ^ Theodore Roosevelt (1954). 1914-1919. Harvard University Press. p. 861. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  215. ^ Adolf Hitler; Max Domarus (1990). Speeches and Proclamations, 1932-1945: The years 1939 to 1940. Bolchazy-Carducci. p. 2285. ISBN 978-0-86516-230-3. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved May 1, 2021.
  216. ^ Modern Music and Musicians for Vocalists: Opera and oratorio excerpts. University Society. 1918. p. 653. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  217. ^ New Zealand Slavonic Journal. Department of Russian, Victoria University of Wellington. 1978. p. 7. Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 15, 2021.
  218. ^ this Day. "Obituary: John Muir". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 9, 2006. Retrieved April 23, 2007.

Primary sources and year books[edit]

Further reading[edit]

  • Beatty, Jack. The Lost History of 1914: Reconsidering the Year the Great War Began (1912) excerpt; argues the war was not inevitable
  • Gilbert, Martin. A History of the Twentieth Century: Volume 1 1900-1933 (1997); global coverage of politics, diplomacy and warfare; pp 297–349; emphasis on World War I

External links[edit]