1969 in science

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The year 1969 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy and space exploration[edit]

Neil Armstrong on the Moon

Biology[edit]

Chemistry[edit]

Computer science[edit]

  • April 7 – RFC 1, the first Request for Comments document from the Internet Engineering Task Force, is published.
  • October 29 – The first ARPANET message is sent, between computers at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Stanford Research Institute.[4]
  • November 21 – The first permanent ARPANET link is established, between Interface Message Processors at UCLA and Stanford.[5]
  • The B programming language is developed at Bell Labs by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie.
  • CCD invented at AT&T Bell Labs, used as the electronic imager in still and video cameras.
  • The laser printer is invented at Xerox by Gary Starkweather.[6][7]
  • Initial release of Multics ("Multiplexed Information and Computing Service"), an influential early time-sharing operating system based on the concept of a single-level memory.[8][9]

Medicine[edit]

Meteorology[edit]

Paleontology[edit]

Physics[edit]

Awards[edit]

Births[edit]

Deaths[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Robert H. Goddard Story". astronauticsnow. Retrieved 2019-07-19.
  2. ^ Brock, Thomas D.; Freeze, Hudson (August 1969). "Thermus aquaticus gen. n. and sp. n., a nonsporulating extreme thermophile". Journal of Bacteriology. 98 (1). American Society for Microbiology: 289–297. doi:10.1128/jb.98.1.289-297.1969. PMC 249935. PMID 5781580.
  3. ^ Adams, M. J.; et al. (1969-11-01). "Structure of Rhombohedral 2 Zinc Insulin Crystals". Nature. 224 (5218): 491–495. Bibcode:1969Natur.224..491A. doi:10.1038/224491a0. S2CID 4216737.
  4. ^ Savio, Jessica (2011-04-01). "Browsing history: A heritage site is being set up in Boelter Hall 3420, the room the first Internet message originated in". Daily Bruin. UCLA. Archived from the original on 2012-01-05. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
  5. ^ Sutton, Chris (2004-09-02). "Internet Began 35 Years Ago at UCLA with First Message Ever Sent Between Two Computers". UCLA. Archived from the original on 8 March 2008.
  6. ^ Reilly, Edwin D. (2003). Milestones in Computer Science and Information Technology. Greenwood Press. p. 152. ISBN 1-57356-521-0. starkweather laser-printer.
  7. ^ Allan, Roy A. (2001). A History of the Personal Computer: the People and the Technology. Allan Publishing. ISBN 0-9689108-0-7. starkweather laser-printer 1971 parc.
  8. ^ Dennis M. Ritchie, "The Evolution of the Unix Time-sharing System", Communications of the ACM, Vol. 17, 1984, pp. 365-375.
  9. ^ Dan Murphy (1996) [1989]. "Origins and Development of TOPS-20".
  10. ^ Yamanaka, A.; Saiki, S.; Tamura, S.; Saito, K. (1969). "Problems in chronic obstructive bronchial diseases, with special reference to diffuse panbronchiolitis". Naika (in Japanese). 23 (3): 442–451. PMID 5783341.
  11. ^ "AIDS Virus Came to US Via Haiti". Voice of America. 2007-10-30. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
  12. ^ Carolan, Patrick L. "Sudden Infant Death Syndrome". Medscape. Retrieved 2012-01-26.
  13. ^ Ostrom, J. H. (1969). "Osteology of Deinonychus antirrhopus, an unusual theropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Montana". Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin. 30: 1–165.
  14. ^ Fastovsky, D.E.; Weishampel, D.B. (2005). "Theropoda I: Nature Red in Tooth and Claw". In Fastovsky, D.E.; Weishampel, D.B. (eds.). The Evolution and Extinction of the Dinosaurs (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 265–299. ISBN 978-0-521-81172-9.
  15. ^ Schwarz, John H. (2000). "String Theory: The Early Years". arXiv:hep-th/0007118.