Jump to content

2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Saints

21 Coptic Martyrs of Libya
Icon of the 21 Martyrs of Libya
Martyrs
BornVarious
One from Ghana, others from Egypt
Died12 February 2015[1]
Southern Mediterranean Sea Coast, Sirte, Libya (murdered by the Islamic State)[2]
Cause of deathDecapitation
Resting placeVillage of Al-Our, Samalut, Minya, Egypt
Venerated inOriental Orthodoxy
Catholic Church
Canonized21 February 2015, Village of Al-Our, Samalut, Minya Governorate, Egypt by Pope Tawadros II
Major shrineChurch of the Martyrs of the Faith and Homeland, Samalut, Egypt
Feast15 February (Gregorian calendar)[3]
8 Amshir (Coptic calendar)
Attributes
Patronage
Part of a series of articles on the
Modern persecution
of Coptic Christians
Overview
Terrorist attacks
Figures

On 12th February 2015, the Islamic State (IS) released a report in their online magazine Dabiq showing photos of 21 Egyptian Christian construction workers that they had kidnapped in the city of Sirte, Libya, and whom they reported had been killed.[1] The men, who came from different villages in Egypt, 13 of them from Al-Our, Minya Governorate,[4] were kidnapped in Sirte in two separate attacks on 27 December 2014, and in January 2015.[5] On 15 February, a video was released showing their murder by beheading.

This was not the first time that Coptic Egyptians in Libya had been the subject of abuse for political reasons, a pattern that goes back to the 1950s.[6]

In 2014, a militia group in eastern Libya declared its affiliation with IS and then took over parts of Derna in late 2014. People allied to the group claimed responsibility for attacks across the country, including the Corinthia Hotel attack in January 2015.[7][8]

On 19 April 2015, IS released another video, which showed the murder of about 30 Ethiopian Christians.[9][10][11][12][13]

The victims, all but one members of the Coptic Orthodox Church, were formally declared saints and martyrs in February of 2015 by Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria. In 2023, Pope Francis announced that the 21 Coptic men murdered by IS would also be commemorated by the Catholic Church and listed within the Roman Martyrology in what was described as a major ecumenical decision.[14] The martyrs are commemorated on 15 February (civil calendar) in both churches.

Video

[edit]

On 15th of February 2015, a five-minute video was published by Al-Hayat, an IS multi-language media wing, showing the beheading of the captives on a beach along the southern Mediterranean coast. A caption in the video called the captives the "People of the cross, followers of the hostile Egyptian Church".[5] In the video, the leader was dressed in camouflage, while the other terrorists were dressed in black. The victims were all dressed in orange jumpsuits, as in many previous IS videos. The leader declared in North American English:

All praises due to Allah, the strong and mighty, and may blessings and peace be upon the one sent by the sword, as a mercy to all the worlds [Muhammad]. Oh people, recently you've seen us on the hills of Al-Sham [Greater Syria] and on Dabiq's Plain, chopping off the heads that had been carrying the cross delusion for a long time, filled with spite against Islam and Muslims, and today we're on the south of Rome, on the land of Islam, Libya, sending another message: Oh crusaders, safety for you will be only wishes. Especially when you're fighting us all together, therefore, we will fight you all together, until the war lays down its burdens and Jesus, peace be upon him, will descend, breaking the cross, killing the swine, and abolishing Jizya, and the sea you've hidden Sheikh Osama bin Laden's body in, we swear to Allah, we will mix it with your blood.[15]

In the moments before the beheadings (3'25" to 3'32" of the video) an edited audio clip records a number of them crying out "Ya Rabb Yesua!"[a] and the caption reads: (Arabic: يذكرون معبودهم ويموتون على شركهم, lit. 'They supplicate what they worship and die upon their paganism'),[15][16] suggesting that they had been given a chance to convert to Islam but refused it: For this reason, the Coptic Church proclaimed them martyrs. During the beheading of the captives (3'32" to 3'40" of the video), a part of an IS acapella chant, "Qariba..Qariba"[b] was playing in the background of the video, with an edited audio clip of the captives yelling in agony. After beheading the captives (3'40" to 4'15" of the video), the acapella chant continued to play and a message appears on the screen: (Arabic: هذه الدماء النجسة بعض ما ينتظركم، ثأرا ل (كاميليا) وأخواتها, lit. 'This filthy blood is just some of what awaits you, in revenge for Camelia and her sisters.')[15][16] This was referencing Camelia Shehata, a Coptic Egyptian woman and wife of a Coptic priest, who Islamists believe had converted to Islam and was detained by the Coptic Church because of it; she later denied the claim. In the final part of the video (4'15" to 5'01" of the video), the speaker declares; "and we will conquer Rome, by Allah's permission, the promise of our Prophet, peace be upon him," pointing his knife toward the sea, while the captives' blood pooled into the Mediterranean coast.[8] As in other IS videos, the captives wore orange jumpsuits, intended as a reference to the attire of prisoners in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp.[8] The group of killers identified itself in the video as the Tripoli Province of IS.[8] The leader of the squad performing the killings was identified as a Libyan expatriate who goes by the nom de guerre Al Qaqa'a Ben Omro.[17]

The Coptic Church, the Egyptian government, and the Libyan parliament[18] confirmed the deaths.

Later, when one of the perpetrators of the operation was arrested, he admitted in the investigation that the slaughter had taken place at the beach opposite Al Mahary Hotel in Sirte.[19][20][21][22][23]

Aftermath

[edit]

The president of Egypt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi announced a seven-day period of national mourning and called for an urgent meeting with the country's top security body.[24] In a televised address, el-Sisi declared his country reserved the right to retaliate.[8] He also reiterated an offer to facilitate Egyptians' evacuation from Libya and imposed a travel ban on citizens to Libya.[8] Officials from Al-Azhar, a prominent mosque and learning center in Egypt, also condemned the incident.[25] The killings were also addressed particularly by the United Nations Security Council, French President François Hollande and U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry.[26][27] Pope Francis telephoned Pope Tawadros II to offer his condolences. At an ecumenical meeting with the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, Pope Francis stated "They only said 'Jesus help me ...' The blood of our Christian brothers is testimony that cries out. Be they Catholic, Orthodox, Copts, Lutherans, it doesn't matter: They're Christian!"[28] The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary provided €500 of financial support for each of the victims' families. Péter Szijjártó said "Hungary cannot be a bystander of the continuous attacks against Christian communities in the Middle East."[29] The Obama administration was criticized for referring to the victims simply as Egyptian citizens rather than Christians, the express reason for their murder.[30]

Egyptian airstrikes

[edit]
Main article: February 2015 Egyptian airstrikes in Libya

At dawn on 16 February, the Egyptian military conducted airstrikes on IS facilities in Libya.[5] The airstrikes targeted IS training locations and weapons stockpiles.[31] All military aircraft returned safely to base.[31] The Libyan Air Force also conducted strikes in Derna, occupied by an IS affiliate since 2014.[31] No militants were killed and 7 civilians were reportedly killed.[31][32]

Veneration

[edit]
Relics of the Coptic Libyan Martyrs in Church of Martyrs of the Faith and Homeland, Village of Martyrs, Minya governorate

On 21 February 2015, seven days after their death, Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria canonized the 21 Coptic martyrs as saints.[33] On 11 May 2023, Pope Francis met with Pope Tawadros II during general audiences to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Coptic Orthodox-Catholic agreement at Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. In his speech, Francis announced that he intends to add the 21 martyrs to the Roman Martyrology. He said "these martyrs were baptized not only in water and the Spirit, but also in blood, with a blood that is a seed of unity for all followers of Christ. I am pleased to announce today that, with Your Holiness' consent, these 21 martyrs will be included in the Roman Martyrology as a sign of the spiritual communion uniting our two Churches."[34]

During the audience, Tawadros II gave Francis relics with a small statue of the 21 martyrs and an egg-shaped Coptic icon of the Holy Family. Upon receiving the relics, Francis said "I will try to make an altar in one of our basilicas in honor of the martyrs."[35]

On 15 February 2024, an ecumenical prayer service[36] was held at the Choir Chapel of Saint Peter's Basilica to celebrate the first commemoration of the 21 Coptic Martyrs of Libya in the Catholic Church.[37] Cardinal Kurt Koch, prefect of the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity, presided at the service and preached the homily.[38] The relics of the martyrs, given to Pope Francis by Pope Tawdros II, were placed on the altar for veneration. Afterwards, the documentary, The 21: The Power of Faith, was screened at the Vatican Film Library.[39][40]

They are venerated as saints and martyrs both in the Oriental Orthodox Church and the Catholic Church,[41] and their feast day is celebrated every year on 15 February of the Gregorian calendar. The commemoration falls on the feast of the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple which is 8 Amshir of the Coptic calendar; however, during a leap year, 8 Amshir corresponds with 16 February.

21st victim

[edit]

After the beheadings, the Coptic Church released the martyrs' names, but there were only 20 names. In the video, the 21st victim was of Black African descent, in contrast to the others, who were ethnic Copts. It was later learned that the 21st victim was named Matthew Ayariga and that he was from Ghana (a few sources say he was from Chad).[42][43][44][45][46][47][48]

It is most likely that he was already a Christian, because sources reported that he said "I am a Christian and I am like them".[49] In October 2020, Christian News Now reported that "Ayariga was a Christian migrant worker from Ghana".[50] In the book The 21: A Journey into the Land of Coptic Martyrs, Martin Mosebach, who traveled to Egypt to meet the families of the martyrs, also states that Ayariga said "I am a Christian".[51]

However, according to some unnamed sources, he was not originally a Christian, but saw the immense faith of the others, and when the terrorists asked him if he rejected Jesus he reportedly said, "Their God is my God", knowing that he would be killed.[52][53] Ayariga's conversion has been compared to the conversion of Saint Aglaius, one of the 40 Martyrs of Sebaste.[54]

When the remains of the 21 bodies were found, the bodies of the 20 Egyptians were returned into Egypt.[55] On September 29, 2020, Ayariga's remains were received in Egypt by the new church in Al Our,[50][56] the Church of the Martyrs of Faith and Homeland, a shrine built in honor of the martyrs.[57] The family members of the other martyrs "expressed their joy at the return of the remains of the martyr [Matthew Ayariga]", saying "Our joy is complete."[50] Majid Shehata, a daughter of one of the martyrs, said, "It was a surprise to all of us that we see the remains of the martyr Matthew inside the Church of the Martyrs, and this is a long-awaited news and all the families are in great joy and we thank God for having responded to us in the return of the martyr."[50]

Return of the remains

[edit]

After the expulsion of the IS fighters from Sirte, government authorities announced they had found the place where the bodies of the martyrs were buried. This was done after the government authorities and the Libyan army arrested one of the terrorists who was present during the slaughter.[58][59][60] The Libyan Attorney General ordered cooperation with the Egyptian authorities to send DNA samples from the families of the martyrs to be compared with DNA samples from the remains.[61][62][63]

Later, it was ascertained that the remains belonged to the martyrs after comparing the families' DNA samples sent by the Egyptian Forensic Medicine Authority with the DNA samples taken from the remains by the Libyan Forensic Medicine Commission.[64][65][66][67][68][69]

On 15 May 2018, the remains of the 20 Egyptians were returned to the Church of Martyrs of the Faith and Homeland, which was built for and named after them in Martyrs' Village (formerly Al-Aour, Al-Awar, or Al-Our; Egyptian Arabic: قرية العور), Minya governorate.[70] A special shrine was built in which the remains were laid so that people can visit them. Churches and monasteries' bells were rung all over Egypt when the remains arrived at Cairo International Airport from Misrata Airport in Libya;[citation needed] celebrations of the return of the remains to their homeland. They were received by Pope Tawadros II, a large number of priests, Ambassador Nabila Makram, the Egyptian minister of immigration and Egyptians affairs abroad, and other state officials at the airport.[71][72][73] A mass was held, presided over by Bishop of Samalut Anba Baphnotius.[74][75][76][77][78][79][80]

One year later, on 25 July 2019, the Coptic Church officially requested the Libyan Embassy in Cairo ship Ayariga's body to Egypt. Anba Pavnotios dispatched an official delegation to meet Chargé d'affaires of the Libyan Embassy, Fawzy al-Mabrouk Tantoush.

The delegation included the priests of the Cathedral of the Martyrs of the Faith and Homeland in Al-Our, Friars Marcos Atef and Epiphanius Yunan, Nevine Ragy, General Manager of Schools and Projects of the Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Samalut, and Nader Shukry, Member of the board on the Church of the Martyrs of the Faith and Homeland, and coordinator of crisis management for the martyrs' families. The Libyan Embassy's social attaché Hussein Al-Bashir Shafsha also attended the meeting.

The Egyptian delegation handed Tantoush a letter from Anba Pavnotios requesting that the body of Ayariga be brought to Egypt "to be joined with his Coptic brothers in their final resting place". The Metropolitan said the Church would give all the necessary legal pledges and guarantees to honour the rights of all parties should his country ask to have him back.[81]

In 2019, the Libyan government agreed to transfer Ayariga's body to Egypt.[82] His remains were transferred to Egypt and laid to rest with the other martyrs at the end of September 2020.[83]

Names

[edit]
  • Bishoy Adel Khalaf
  • Samuel Alhoam Wilson
  • Hany Abdel-Masih Salib
  • Melad Mackeen Zaki
  • Abanoub Ayad Attia
  • Ezzat Bushra Nassif
  • Yousef Shokry Younan
  • Kirillos Shukry Fawzy
  • Majed Suleiman Shehata
  • Samuel Stéphanos Kamel
  • Malak Ibrahim Siniot
  • Bishoy Stéphanos Kamel
  • Mena Fayez Aziz
  • Girgis Melad Sniout
  • Tawadros Youssef Tawadros
  • Essam Badr Samir
  • Luke Ngati
  • Jaber Mounir Adly
  • Malak Faraj Abram
  • Sameh Salah Farouk
  • Matthew Ayariga[84][85]

Source: [86]

Book

[edit]

The lives of the martyrs have been detailed in a book by Martin Mosebach called The 21 – A Journey into the Land of Coptic Martyrs.[87]

Short Film

[edit]

An independent short film, The 21, has been produced by a team of more than 70 artists from 24+ countries to honor the 21 martyrs and will debut for a global audience on February 15th, 2025 - the 10th anniversary of their death. [88]

Documentary

[edit]

The 21, the Power of Faith: the Village of Martyrs,[89] a French documentary by Samuel Armnius was broadcast on KTO and screened at the Vatican Film Library on 15 February 2024.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Arabic: يا رب يسوع, lit. 'O Lord Jesus!'
  2. ^ Arabic: قريبا..قريبا, lit. 'Soon..Soon'

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Dabiq Magazine Issue 7 - From Hypocrisy to Apostasy" (PDF). Clarion Project. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  2. ^ "Libya: Confessions of a witness to the slaughter of Copts". Al Arabiya. 7 October 2017. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  3. ^ "لماذا-اعتمد-المجمع-المقدس-15-فبراير-عيد-ا-لشهداء-الكنيسة-". Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
  4. ^ "Thousands mourn Egyptian victims of Islamic State in disbelief". Reuters. 16 February 2015. Archived from the original on 25 February 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  5. ^ a b c "ISIL video shows Christian Egyptians beheaded in Libya". Al Jazeera. 16 February 2015. Archived from the original on 28 January 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  6. ^ Tsourapas, Gerasimos (17 March 2015). "The Politics of Egyptian Migration to Libya". Middle East Research and Information Project. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  7. ^ "Islamic State takes Libyan city; 100K under terror group's control as chaos spreads". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on 23 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Jared Malsin (15 February 2015). "Beheading of Coptic Christians in Libya Shows ISIS Branching Out". Time. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  9. ^ "ISIS releases video purportedly showing killing of Ethiopian Christians in Libya". Fox News. 20 April 2015. Archived from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  10. ^ Westall, Sylvia (19 April 2015). "Islamic State shoots and beheads 30 Ethiopian Christians in Libya:..." Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  11. ^ Kirkpatrick, David D. (19 April 2015). "ISIS Video Appears to Show Executions of Ethiopian Christians in Libya". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 July 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  12. ^ "ISIL claims massacre of Ethiopian Christians in Libya". Aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  13. ^ McLaughlin, Eliott C. "ISIS executes more Christians in Libya, video shows". CNN. Archived from the original on 29 May 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  14. ^ "Vatican formally recognizes 21 Coptic Orthodox killed in Libya as martyrs, gives them feast day". AP NEWS. 11 May 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  15. ^ a b c Ahram Online: "Video shows beheading of Copts at IS hands; Egypt declares week of mourning" Archived 2015-02-18 at the Wayback Machine 15 Feb 2015
  16. ^ a b Raman Media network: "ISIS Video Shows Mass Beheading of Christian Hostages" by Rakash Raman Archived 18 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine 16 February 2015
  17. ^ "اليزل: الجهات الأمنية كشفت شخصية 'القعقاع بن عمرو' قائد مذبحة المصريين". 17 February 2015. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  18. ^ Mahmoud Mostafa (14 February 2015). "Libyan parliament confirms death of 21 kidnapped Coptic Egyptians". Daily News Egypt. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  19. ^ "ليبيا.. اعترافات مثيرة للشاهد على ذبح الأقباط". www.alarabiya.net (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  20. ^ ""البنيان المرصوص" تكشف التفاصيل الكاملة لذبح الأقباط المصريين في ليبيا". 7 October 2017. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  21. ^ "داعشى يعترف بالتفاصيل الكاملة لاغتيال المصريين فى سرت الليبية بعد القبض عليه.. الإرهابى أبو عامر الجزراوى قاد المجموعة المجرمة.. وعناصر من تونس وليبيا شاركت فى الجريمة النكراء.. والسلطات تستخرج رفات الضحايا – اليوم السابع". اليوم السابع (in Arabic). 7 October 2017. Archived from the original on 21 February 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  22. ^ "بالصور.. التفاصيل الكاملة لقصة ذبح الأقباط المصريين في سرت الليبية". إرم نيوز (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  23. ^ "بعد العثور على رفات الضحايا.. تفاصيل ذبح المصريين بليبيا". البوابة نيوز. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  24. ^ "Islamic State: Egyptian Christians held in Libya 'killed'". BBC. 15 February 2015. Archived from the original on 15 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  25. ^ "Egyptian Church confirms 21 killed in Libya after Islamic State issues video". Reuters. 15 February 2015. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  26. ^ "Мировые лидеры осудили расправу ИГ над египтянами" (in Russian). Rusnovosti.ru. 16 February 2015. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  27. ^ "President Mohamed Abdelaziz extends condolences to Egyptian counterpart". Sahara Press Service. 17 February 2015. Archived from the original on 26 February 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
  28. ^ "Pope Francis: ISIS killing of Coptic Christians "barbaric"". CBS News. Associated Press. 16 February 2015. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  29. ^ "The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade provides financial aid for the families of the brutally killed Egyptian Christians". Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary. 17 February 2015. Archived from the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 18 February 2015.
  30. ^ Griswold, Eliza (22 July 2015). "Is This the End of Christianity in the Middle East?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Daniel Philpott, a professor of political science at the University of Notre Dame, says, 'When ISIS is no longer said to have religious motivations nor the minorities it attacks to have religious identities, the Obama administration's caution about religion becomes excessive.'
  31. ^ a b c d "Egyptian air strikes target Isis weapons stockpiles in Libya". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 December 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  32. ^ "Civilians killed as Egypt launches air strikes in Libya". Al Jazeera. 16 February 2015. Archived from the original on 17 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  33. ^ "Coptic Church Recognizes Martyrdom of 21 Coptic Christians". 21 February 2015. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2015.
  34. ^ "Vatican formally recognizes 21 Coptic Orthodox killed in Libya as martyrs, gives them feast day". AP News. 11 May 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.
  35. ^ "Coptic martyrs added to Catholic catalog of saints with goal of fostering friendship". Rome Reports. 11 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.
  36. ^ "Memoria dei 21 Martiri Copti di Libia Preghiera Ecumenia" (PDF). Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  37. ^ "First commemoration of the 21 Coptic Martyrs of Libya 16 Feb 2024". Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity. 16 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  38. ^ "Omelia durante la celebrazione dei Vespri in commemorazione dei martiri copti ortodossi". Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  39. ^ Tulloch, Joseph (16 February 2024). "Vatican marks first Feast of Coptic Martyrs". Vatican News. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  40. ^ Viet, Cyprien (17 February 2014). "A Vatican feast with Egyptian flavor: 21 Martyrs have 1st Catholic event". Aleteia. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  41. ^ "The mysterious saint: Who is the 21st Coptic martyr now recognized by the Vatican?". 11 May 2023. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  42. ^ "Ghanaian beheaded in Libya?". www.ghanaweb.com. 17 February 2015. Archived from the original on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  43. ^ "Libya's Mystery Beach and the 21st Victim – TalkLeft: The Politics Of Crime". www.talkleft.com. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  44. ^ "February anniversary of the brutal murder of 21 Coptic Christians in Libya one year ago". DavidAlton.net. 1 February 2016. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  45. ^ "Ghanaian Christian Among Those Beheaded By ISIS". Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  46. ^ "The bodies of the Coptic Martyrs beheaded by Isis found in Libya". Herald Malaysia Online. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  47. ^ "Ghanaian beheaded in Libya?". www.ghanaweb.com. 17 February 2015. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  48. ^ "CRISTIANI COPTI DECAPITATI DALL'ISIS/ Sirte, rinvenuti 21 corpi in una fossa comune". Il Sussidiario.net. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 17 March 2018.
  49. ^ "الأقباط متحدون -حزن بين الأقباط لعدم دفن الشهيد الافريقى بجوار شهداء المنيا بالعور". Archived from the original on 21 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018.
  50. ^ a b c d "Ghana Christian Martyred by ISIS with Coptic Christians Finally Laid to Rest". 14 October 2020.
  51. ^ Mosebach, Martin (2019). The 21: A Journey into the Land of Coptic Martyrs. Translated by Price, Alta. Plough Publishing House. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-87486-839-5.
  52. ^ "21st Martyr". 22 February 2015. Archived from the original on 12 March 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  53. ^ "African Man Turns To Christ Moments Before Beheading – BosNewsLife – Christian News Agency". www.bosnewslife.com. 23 April 2015. Archived from the original on 25 August 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  54. ^ Gregory, DiPippo (10 March 2021). "The Feast of the Forty Martyrs". New Liturgical Movement. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  55. ^ "الأقباط متحدون - حزن بين الأقباط لعدم دفن الشهيد الافريقى بجوار شهداء المنيا بالعور".
  56. ^ "Last of Libya Martyrs comes 'home'". 4 October 2020.
  57. ^ "Coptic Christians in Egypt fear martyrs are being forgotten". 21 October 2019.
  58. ^ "ليبيا "تعثر على" رفات المصريين الأقباط ضحايا تنظيم الدولة". BBC News عربي. 7 October 2017.
  59. ^ "الأقباط متحدون -استخراج جثاميين شهداء ليبيا من مقبرتهم وبدء الاستعداد لوصولهم مصر". Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  60. ^ "شقيق أحد الشهداء الأقباط في ليبيا: "فرحتنا برجوع رفاتهم كأنهم أحياء"". 7 October 2017. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  61. ^ "الأقباط متحدون -ننفرد بنشر أول صور لاستخراج رفاه شهداء العور بليبيا". Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  62. ^ "أسر شهداء ليبيا يجرون تحاليل "DNA" لمطابقتها مع جثامين أبنائهم – وطنى". Archived from the original on 21 May 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  63. ^ "Coptic Orthodox to dedicate church to New Martyrs of Libya". Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  64. ^ "المنيا تستعد لدفن ضحايا "مذبحة داعش" فى ليبيا | المصري اليوم". Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  65. ^ "مصر: وصول رفات 20 قبطياً قتلهم داعش في سرت الليبية". 14 May 2018.
  66. ^ "بالصور.. كنيسة العور بسمالوط تنتظر جثامين الأقباط الـ21". 9 October 2017. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  67. ^ "مطرانية سمالوط تستعد لاستقبال جثامين الأقباط ضحايا داعش في ليبيا | المصري اليوم". Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  68. ^ "الكنيسة المصرية تستعد لاستقبال رفات 21 قبطيًا ذبحهم داعش في ليبيا". Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  69. ^ "مطرانية سمالوط: دفن رفات ضحايا "داعش ليبيا" في كنيسة "العور" – اخبار ليبيا الان". 9 October 2017. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  70. ^ "الأقباط متحدون -عاجل : تعرف علي تفاصيل نقل رفات شهداء ليبيا ؟". Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  71. ^ Salem, Mostafa (15 May 2018). "Tears and joy as Egyptian Christians killed in Libya laid to rest". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  72. ^ "وزير الهجرة: استقبال رفات شهداء الأقباط واجب رسمي وإنساني". 15 May 2018. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  73. ^ "الأقباط متحدون -البابا يتوجه للمطار بانتظار رفات شهداء مذبحة ليبيا". Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  74. ^ "بدء القداس الإلهى لشهداء ليبيا بكنيسة شهداء الإيمان والوطن بالمنيا – ONA – ONews Agency – وكالة أنباء أونا". onaeg.com. [permanent dead link]
  75. ^ "الأقباط متحدون – الأنبا بفنوتيوس يترأس صلاة جناز شهداء ليبيا". Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  76. ^ "الأقباط متحدون -مطرانية سمالوط: مستعدون لاستقبال رفات شهداء ليبيا". Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  77. ^ "الأقباط متحدون – وسط إجراءات أمنية مشددة.. المئات يزورون كنيسة شهداء الإيمان بعد عودة رفاتهم". Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  78. ^ "أسر شهداء العور: عودة رفات أبنائنا أعادت إلينا الروح من جديد". 15 May 2018. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  79. ^ "صور.. توافد أهالى سمالوط فى المنيا على مزار شهداء "الإيمان والوطن"". 15 May 2018.
  80. ^ "من البداية للنهاية.. عودة شهداء ليبيا إلى المنيا (فيديو وصور)". 15 May 2018. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
  81. ^ "Coptic Church requests body of Ghanaian beheaded by Daesh in Libya in 2015". Watani. 2 July 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
  82. ^ White, Christopher (21 October 2019). "Coptic Christians in Egypt fear martyrs are being forgotten". Crux Now.
  83. ^ "Egyptian Church claims remains of last of 21 Christians martyred by Islamic State in Libya | Barnabas Fund". Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  84. ^ "ماثيو " شهيد المسيح " قريبا فى مصر . – جريدة الأهرام الجديد الكندية". Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  85. ^ "February anniversary of the brutal murder of 21 Coptic Christians in Libya one year ago". 12 February 2016. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
  86. ^ "ننشر أسماء شهداء مصر الـ21 ضحية إرهاب "داعش" فى ليبيا - اليوم السابع". Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
  87. ^ "Lots of Coptic clergy were rubbing shoulders with members of the Bruderhof". The Tablet. Archived from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2019.
  88. ^ "21 Martyrs Film". 21 Martyrs Film. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
  89. ^ "Les 21, la Puissance de la Foi: le village des martyrs". Youtube. KTO TV. 14 February 2024.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya&oldid=1256296517"