III Cavalry Corps (German Empire)
| III Cavalry Corps (Höheres Kavallerie-Kommando Nr 3) Higher Cavalry Command No. 3 | |
|---|---|
 Flag of the Staff of a Generalkommando (1871–1918) | |
| Active | 2 August 1914-1919 |
| Disbanded | 1919 |
| Country |  German Empire |
| Branch | Army |
| Type | Cavalry |
| Size | Approximately 17,000 (on mobilisation) |
| Engagements | World War I |
| Insignia | |
| Abbreviation | HKK 3 |
The III Cavalry Corps (German: Höheres Kavallerie-Kommando 3 / HKK 3 literally: Higher Cavalry Command 3) was a formation of the German Army in World War I. The corps was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 and disbanded in 1919 during the demobilization of the German Army after World War I.
III Cavalry Corps
[edit]Initially on the Western Front with 7th, 8th and Bavarian Cavalry Divisions preceding 6th Army.[1] Transferred to the East on 9 September 1914 and assigned to 9th Army with just 8th Cavalry Division.[2] Redesignated 20 November 1916 as 57th Corps (z.b.V.).[3][4]
57th Corps
[edit]57th Corps (z.b.V.)[5] was formed on 20 November 1916 by the redesignation of III Cavalry Corps.[6] As the need for large mounted cavalry formations diminished as the war went on, the existing Cavalry Corps increasingly took on the characteristics of a normal Corps Command. This culminated in them being redesignated as "General Commands for Special Use" Generalkommandos zur besonderen Verwendung (Genkdo z.b.V.).
By the end of the war, the Corps was serving on the Western Front as part of Armee-Abteilung C with the following composition:[7]
- 8th Landwehr Division
- 255th Division
Order of Battle on mobilisation
[edit]Initially, the Corps simply consisted of 3 Cavalry Divisions (with 2 Jäger battalions attached) without any Corps troops; in supply and administration matters, the Cavalry Divisions were entirely autonomous. The commander was only concerned with tactics and strategy, hence his title of Senior Cavalry Commander Höherer Kavallerie-Kommandeur.[8]
On formation in August 1914, the Corps consisted of:[9]
- 7th Cavalry Division
- 8th Cavalry Division
- Bavarian Cavalry Division
- 1st Bavarian Jäger Battalion
- 2nd Bavarian Jäger Battalion
Each cavalry division consisted of 3 cavalry brigades (6 regiments each of 4 squadrons), a horse artillery Abteilung (3 four-gun batteries), a machine gun detachment (company size, 6 MGs), plus pioneers, signals and a motor vehicle column. A more detailed Table of Organisation and Equipment can be seen here. The Jäger battalions each consisted of 4 light infantry companies, 1 machine gun company (6 MGs), 1 cyclist company and a motorised vehicle column.[10]
Designations
[edit]The corps was continually redesignated depending upon its role from time to time.[11]
| Designation | From | To |
|---|---|---|
| Senior Cavalry Command 3 | 2 August 1914 | 23 September 1914 |
| Corps Frommel | 24 September 1914 | 2 January 1915 |
| Cavalry Corps Frommel | 2 January 1915 | 14 May 1915 |
| Army Group[12] Frommel | May 1915 | 1 August 1915 |
| Cavalry Corps Frommel | 6 August 1915 | 7 September 1915 |
| Corps Frommel | 8 September 1915 | 18 November 1916 |
| 57th Corps (z.b.V.) | 20 November 1916 | End of the war |
Commanders
[edit]III Cavalry Corps / 57th Corps had the following commanders during its existence:[13][14][15]
| Commander | From | To |
|---|---|---|
| General der Kavallerie Rudolf Ritter von Frommel | 2 August 1914 | 7 April 1918 |
| Generalleutnant Bernhard von Hartz | 7 April 1918 | End of the war |
See also
[edit]
- German Army (German Empire)
- German Army order of battle (1914)
- German Army order of battle, Western Front (1918)
- German cavalry in World War I
- TOE, German Cavalry Division, August 1914
References
[edit]- ^ Cron 2002, pp. 300–301
- ^ Ellis & Cox 1993, p. 188
- ^ General Commands for Special Use Generalkommandos zur besonderen Verwendung (Genkdo z.b.V.)
- ^ Cron 2002, p. 95
- ^ Note that Corps (z.b.V.) were designated with Arabic, not Roman, numerals.
- ^ Cron 2002, p. 89
- ^ Ellis & Cox 1993, p. 187
- ^ Cron 2002, p. 94
- ^ Cron 2002, pp. 300–301
- ^ Cron 2002, p. 116
- ^ Cron 2002, p. 94
- ^ Armee-Gruppe in the sense of a part of an army formed for a specific task. Heeresgruppe is an Army Group in the sense of a number of armies under a single commander.
- ^ The Prussian Machine, HKK Accessed: 20 May 2012
- ^ The Prussian Machine, GenKdo Archived 2012-06-30 at archive.today Accessed: 20 May 2012
- ^ German War History Accessed: 20 May 2012
Bibliography
[edit]- Cron, Hermann (2002). Imperial German Army 1914-18: Organisation, Structure, Orders-of-Battle [first published: 1937]. Helion & Co. ISBN 1-874622-70-1.
- Ellis, John; Cox, Michael (1993). The World War I Databook. Aurum Press Ltd. ISBN 1-85410-766-6.