Monoamine neurotoxin
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A monoamine neurotoxin, or monoaminergic neurotoxin, is a drug that selectively damages or destroys monoaminergic neurons.[1] Monoaminergic neurons are neurons that signal via stimulation by monoamine neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine.[1] Examples of monoamine neurotoxins include the serotonergic neurotoxins para-chloroamphetamine (PCA), methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDMA), and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT);[2] the dopaminergic neurotoxins oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine), MPTP, and methamphetamine; and the noradrenergic neurotoxins oxidopamine and DSP-4.[1] Dopaminergic neurotoxins can induce a Parkinson's disease-like condition in animals and humans.[1][3] Serotonergic neurotoxins have been associated with cognitive and memory deficits and psychiatric changes.[4][5][6][7]
List of monoamine neurotoxins
[edit]Serotonergic neurotoxins
[edit]Phenethylamines
[edit]- 2,4-Dichloroamphetamine[8]
- 3-Chloroamphetamine (3-CA)[8][9]
- 3,4-Dichloroamphetamine (3,4-DCA)[8]
- 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)[1][10][2]
- 3,4-Methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA)[10][11]
- 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)[1][2][12][13]
- 4-Chlorophenylisobutylamine (4-CAB; 4-chloro-α-desmethyl-α-ethylamphetamine; α-ethyl-PCA)[10]
- para-Bromoamphetamine (PBA; 4-bromoamphetamine; 4-BA)[14]
- para-Chloroamphetamine (PCA; 4-chloroamphetamine; 4-CA)[1][2][11]
- para-Chloromethamphetamine (PCMA; 4-chloromethamphetamine; 4-PCMA)[8]
- para-Iodoamphetamine (PIA; 4-iodoamphetamine; 4-IA)[10][15]
- α-Methyldopamine (3,4-dihydroxyamphetamine; 3,4-DHA)[2]
- α,N-Dimethyldopamine (3,4-dihydroxy-N-methylamphetamine; 3,4-DHMA)[2]
- Fenfluramine[1][16][17][18]
- Methylbenzodioxolylbutanamine (MBDB)[10][11]
- Norfenfluramine[18][19]
Tryptamines
[edit]- 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT)[1][2]
- 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT)[1][2]
- α-Ethyltryptamine (αET)[11]
2-Aminoindans
[edit]- 5-Iodo-2-aminoindan (5-IAI) (weak)[20][11][10]
- 5,6-Methylenedioxy-2-aminoindan (MDAI) (weak)[21][10]
MPTP-related
[edit]Dopaminergic neurotoxins
[edit]Phenethylamines
[edit]- 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (in mice but not in humans)[6]
- Amphetamine[1]
- Methamphetamine[1][12][13]
- N-Methylnorsalsolinol[23]
- Norsalsolinol[23]
- Oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine; 6-OHDA)[24][25][26]
- Salsolinol[23][27]
MPTP-related
[edit]Pesticides
[edit]Noradrenergic neurotoxins
[edit]Phenethylamines and related
[edit]- 6-Hydroxydopa[1]
- DSP-4[34][35]
- Oxidopamine (6-hydroxydopamine; 6-OHDA)[24][26]
- Xylamine[1]
Others
[edit]See also
[edit]References
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