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Atlantic League of Professional Baseball

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"Atlantic League" redirects here. For other uses, see Atlantic League (disambiguation).

Atlantic League of Professional Baseball
Current season, competition or edition:
Current sports event 2024 Atlantic League season
ClassificationIndependent baseball
SportBaseball
Founded1998
PresidentRick White[1]
No. of teams10
CountryUnited States
Most recent
champion(s)		York Revolution (2024)
Most titlesSomerset Patriots (6)
Official websiteatlanticleague.com

The Atlantic League of Professional Baseball (ALPB) is a professional independent baseball league based in the United States. It is an official MLB Partner League[2][3] based in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States. The Atlantic League's corporate headquarters is located at Clipper Magazine Stadium in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

The Atlantic League operates in cities not served by Major League Baseball (MLB) or Minor League Baseball (MiLB) teams; most of its teams are within suburbs and exurbs too close to other teams in the organized baseball system to have minor league franchises of their own. The Atlantic League requires cities to have the market for a 4,000 to 7,500-seat ballpark and for the facility to be maintained at or above Triple-A standards.[4] When Atlantic League professionals are signed by MLB clubs, they usually start in their Double-A or Triple-A affiliates.[5]

The league uses a pitch clock and limits the time between innings in an effort to speed up the game.[6] In 2019, the Atlantic League began a three-year partnership with Major League Baseball allowing MLB to implement changes to Atlantic League playing rules, in order to observe the effects of potential future rule changes and equipment.[7] In 2020, the Atlantic League, together with the American Association, the Frontier League, and the Pioneer League, expanded this agreement to become an official MLB Partner League.[2][3]

The Atlantic League is generally regarded as the most successful and highest level of baseball among independent leagues.[8][9] The Atlantic League has had more marquee players than any other independent league, including Jose Canseco, Mat Latos, Steve Lombardozzi Jr., Francisco Rodríguez, Chien-Ming Wang, Roger Clemens, Rich Hill, Scott Kazmir, Juan González, and Dontrelle Willis. Two former Atlantic League players are in the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Tim Raines and Rickey Henderson. Gary Carter, another Hall of Famer, managed in the league. The Atlantic League has had many notable managers and coaches, including Wally Backman, Frank Viola, Tommy John, Sparky Lyle, and Bud Harrelson. The Atlantic League has consistently posted higher per game and per season attendance numbers than other independent circuits including the American Association and Frontier League.[10][11][12][13]

History

[edit]

In 1998, the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball played its inaugural season, with teams in Bridgewater, Newark, and Atlantic City, New Jersey; Nashua, New Hampshire; Newburgh, New York; and Bridgeport, Connecticut. The creation of the league was the result of the New York Mets' objection to Frank Boulton's proposal to move the former Albany-Colonie Yankees because of its territorial rights to the region. Boulton, a Long Island, New York native, decided to create a new league that would have a higher salary cap for its players and a longer season than most of the other independent baseball organizations. He modeled the Atlantic League after the older Pacific Coast League, with facilities that exceed AAA-level standards. Boulton also emphasized signing players of Major League Baseball experience for all Atlantic League teams, raising the level of play above other independent leagues.

In 2010, the league announced that it would be expanding to Sugar Land, Texas and adding its first franchise not located in an Atlantic coast state.[14] The Sugar Land Skeeters began play in 2012. In 2010, amid financial struggles, the Newark Bears moved from the Atlantic League to the Can-Am League, leaving the Bridgeport Bluefish and Somerset Patriots as the only teams remaining from the league's inaugural season.[15] In the summer of 2013, then-ALPB President Frank Boulton announced that he would be resigning so that he could devote more time to operating the Long Island Ducks. He was replaced by longtime high-ranking Major League Baseball executive Rick White.[16] On July 8, 2015, the Atlantic League began using Rawlings baseballs with red and blue seams, virtually unused in the sport since the American League swapped the blue in their seams for red in 1934.[17]

On September 1, 2015, the Atlantic League announced conditional approval for an expansion team or a relocated team to play in New Britain, Connecticut for the 2016 season.[18][19][20][21] On October 21, 2015, the Camden Riversharks announced they would cease operations immediately due to the inability to reach an agreement on lease terms with the owner of Campbell's Field, the Camden County Improvement Authority.[22] The team was replaced by the New Britain Bees for the 2016 season.[23] On May 29, 2016, Jennie Finch was the guest manager for the league's Bridgeport Bluefish, thus becoming the first woman to manage a professional baseball team.[24]

Shortly before the conclusion of the 2017 season, the city of Bridgeport, Connecticut voted to not continue with professional baseball in the city and announced plans to convert The Ballpark at Harbor Yard into a music amphitheater; the Bridgeport Bluefish announced plans to relocate to High Point, North Carolina in 2019 when the construction of a new multipurpose facility in High Point is completed.[25] League officials announced the return of the Pennsylvania Road Warriors, an all road game team, to keep the league at an even eight teams while the Bluefish go inactive for the 2018 season.[26]

In 2015, the Atlantic League experienced a watershed moment for independent baseball when it signed a formal agreement with Major League Baseball which put into writing the rules which the ALPB would follow in selling its players' contracts to MLB clubs and their affiliates. This marked the first time that MLB, which has enjoyed a U.S. Supreme Court-granted antitrust exemption since 1922, had made any formal agreement with or acknowledgment of an independent baseball league.[27]

2020s

[edit]

In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the league announced that it would be unable to operate for the 2020 season with the current 8 member ballclubs, thereby canceling its season.[28] Several teams (Somerset, York, and Lancaster) did not gain necessary approval from governmental and health officials to open their ballparks to the capacity level necessary for competition.[29] They used their stadiums to host recreational and community-based events, as well as local baseball activities where allowed. Meanwhile, the Long Island Ducks, High Point Rockers, and Southern Maryland Blue Crabs initially attempted to partner with teams from other leagues in order to play a 70-game season from mid-July through the end of September. However, due to ongoing restrictions and capacity limitations, they ultimately decided to suspend all baseball activities for the 2020 season. The only teams that played in 2020 was the Sugar Land Skeeters, who would create a new 4-team independent league in Texas, with all 60 games played at Constellation Field, and the Somerset Patriots, who played weekend games with a second squad called the New Jersey Blasters.[30][31]

In July 2020, the league announced the addition of a new franchise in Gastonia, North Carolina beginning in 2021; it is the league's second team based in North Carolina.[32]

In November 2020, the Atlantic League lost its last charter franchise and its westernmost franchise when both teams became official minor league affiliates. On November 7, the Somerset Patriots announced that they were leaving the league to join the MLB-affiliated Eastern League, where they will replace the Trenton Thunder as the Double-A affiliate of the New York Yankees.[33] Approximately two weeks later, the Houston Astros announced that they had purchased a controlling stake in the Sugar Land Skeeters and, as a result, the Skeeters would become the Astros' Triple-A affiliate and join the Pacific Coast League.[34]

On February 18, 2021, the league announced the addition of the Lexington Legends, previously the Class A South Atlantic League affiliate of the Kansas City Royals, for the 2021 season.[35] The Charleston Dirty Birds, formerly the West Virginia Power of the South Atlantic League, announced their move to the league on February 24, 2021.[36]

On September 1, 2021, the league announced the addition of a new Hagerstown, Maryland franchise with the intent to begin play in 2023 pending ballpark construction.[37] In 2022 it was announced that the team wouldn't begin play until 2024 due to construction delays.[38]

In 2022, Kelsie Whitmore signed with the Staten Island FerryHawks of the Atlantic League, and started a game for them in left field; this made her the first woman to start an Atlantic League game.[39][40] Later that year she became the first woman to pitch in an Atlantic League game when she made her first pitching appearance for Staten Island; entering the game with the bases loaded and two outs, she retired Ryan Jackson, a former major leaguer, on a fly out to end the inning.[41]

On July 20, 2023, the Hagerstown team announced that they would be named the Hagerstown Flying Boxcars.[42] In September 2023 it was announced that Spire City Ghost Hounds would be on hiatus during the 2024 season due to the league now having an odd number of teams with the addition of the Hagerstown franchise. The team was set to return for the 2025 season;[43] however, the Ghost Hounds were not listed on the 2025 season schedule.[44]

On November 22, 2023, the Atlantic League terminated the membership of the Gastonia Honey Hunters, citing significant unpaid debts to the league. Rick White, president of the Atlantic League, confirmed that the Honey Hunters were terminated, but said that the Atlantic League intended to field a team in Gastonia in 2024.[45] In February 2024, the league named Zawyer Sports & Entertainment as the new owners for the 2024 season with the team name, Gastonia Ghost Peppers, announced in October 2024.[46][47] The Gastonia Ghost Peppers played their first game on April 25, 2024, a 3–2 loss to the Southern Maryland Blue Crabs.[48]

Experimental rules

[edit]

2019

[edit]

In March 2019, the Atlantic League and Major League Baseball reached agreement to test multiple rule changes during the 2019 Atlantic League season:[49]

  • Use of a radar tracking system to assist umpires in calling balls and strikes
  • Reducing the time between half innings by 20 seconds, from 2 minutes 5 seconds to 1:45
  • Requiring pitchers to face at least three batters
    • Exceptions: side is retired or injury
  • Banning mound visits
    • Exceptions: pitching change or for medical issues
  • Restricting infield shifts
    • Two infielders must be positioned on each side of second base
  • Increasing the size of bases from 15 inches (38 cm) to 18 inches (46 cm)
  • Moving the pitching rubber on the pitcher's mound back 24 inches (61 cm)
    • This change would have taken effect in the second half of the season

In April 2019, implementation of two of the changes was delayed:[50]

  • The tracking system for calling balls and strikes "will be implemented gradually over the course of the 2019 season"
  • Moving the pitching rubber back will not occur until the second half of the 2020 Atlantic League season; this rule change was never implemented.

The tracking system for calling balls and strikes was introduced at the league's all-star game on July 10.[51] In addition to rule changes noted above, additional changes being implemented for the second half of the league's 2019 season are:[52]

  • Pitchers required to step off rubber to attempt pickoff
  • One foul bunt permitted with two strikes
  • Batters may "steal" first base
    • "Any pitched ball not caught by the catcher shall be subject to the same baserunning rules for the batter as an uncaught third strike, with the exception of the first base occupied with less than two out exclusion."
  • "Check swings" more batter-friendly
    • "In making his ruling, the base umpire should determine whether the batter's wrists 'rolled over' during an attempt to strike at the ball and, if not, call the pitch a ball."

2021

[edit]

The Atlantic League and MLB jointly announced that the former would adopt several additional experimental rules for the 2021 season:[53]

  • The automated ball-strike calling system introduced for 2019 remains in use, but has been tweaked. The strike zone, which had been a three-dimensional space above home plate in 2019, changed to a two-dimensional space measured at the front of home plate.
  • A "double-hook" rule is in force for the entire season. Under this rule, once a team removes its starting pitcher, it loses the right to use a designated hitter for the rest of the game.
  • During the second half of the season (starting on August 3), the pitcher's rubber was moved back 1 foot (30 cm), making the distance between the front edge of the rubber to the rear point of home plate 61 feet 6 inches (18.75 m).

2022

[edit]

In January 2022, the Atlantic League announced they would no longer be using the following rules for the 2022 season:[54]

  • The automated ball-strike system that was first introduced in 2019, would no longer be used to assist home plate umpires in making ball or strike decisions. While the Atlantic League discontinued the use of the system, MLB opted to use the system in Spring Training games and in Triple A for the 2022 season.
  • The distance of the pitching rubber to home plate went back to its original length, 60 feet 6 inches, down from 61 feet 6 inches. The mound was first moved a foot back (from 60 feet 6 inches to 61 feet 6 inches) on August 3, 2021, half-way through the 2021 season.

In March 2022, the MLB announced modifications to the "double-hook" rule and reintroduced the "dropped pitch" rule for the 2023 season:[55]

  • The "double-hook" rule was modified so that clubs do not lose their designated hitter if their starting pitcher completes at least five innings.
  • The "dropped pitch" rule allows batters to attempt to advance for first on any pitch not caught in the air by the catcher, even with a runner on first. Those that reach first base will be awarded a hit.

2023

[edit]

In April 2023, it was announced that the Atlantic League would be testing three rules for the 2023 season:[56]

  • The "designated pinch-runner" rule will have clubs designate a pinch runner that is not in the starting line up. That player can be substituted into the game at any point as a baserunner, but unlike typical substitutions the player that is substituted for as well as the pinch-runner will be allowed to return to the game with no penalty.
  • Pitchers will be allowed only one disengagement per at-bat. Any additional disengagements will be counted as a balk unless an out is recorded.
  • The "double-hook" rule will continue being used in its 2022 form.

Teams

[edit]
Team Founded Joined City Stadium Capacity
North Division
Hagerstown Flying Boxcars 2021 2024 Hagerstown, Maryland Meritus Park 3,500
Lancaster Stormers 2003 2005 Lancaster, Pennsylvania Clipper Magazine Stadium 6,000
Long Island Ducks 1998 2000 Central Islip, New York Fairfield Properties Ballpark 6,002
Staten Island FerryHawks 2021 2022 Staten Island, New York SIUH Community Park 7,171
York Revolution 2006 2007 York, Pennsylvania WellSpan Park 5,200
South Division
Charleston Dirty Birds 1987 2021 Charleston, West Virginia GoMart Ballpark 4,500
Gastonia Ghost Peppers 2024 2024 Gastonia, North Carolina CaroMont Health Park 5,000
High Point Rockers 2018 2019 High Point, North Carolina Truist Point 4,500
Lexington Legends 2001 2021 Lexington, Kentucky Legends Field 6,994
Southern Maryland Blue Crabs 2006 2008 Waldorf, Maryland Regency Furniture Stadium 4,200
Hiatus[43][44]
Spire City Ghost Hounds 2022 2023 Frederick, Maryland Nymeo Field at Harry Grove Stadium 5,400

Map of teams

[edit]
Map
About OpenStreetMaps
Maps: terms of use
150km
100miles
Spire City Ghost Hounds
Ghost Hounds
Spire City Ghost Hounds
Southern Maryland Blue Crabs
Blue Crabs
Southern Maryland Blue Crabs
Lexington Legends
Legends
Lexington Legends
High Point Rockers
Rockers
High Point Rockers
Gastonia Ghost Peppers
Ghost Peppers
Gastonia Ghost Peppers
Charleston Dirty Birds
Dirty Birds
Charleston Dirty Birds
York Revolution
Revolution
York Revolution
Staten Island FerryHawks
FerryHawks
Staten Island FerryHawks
Long Island Ducks
Ducks
Long Island Ducks
Lancaster Stormers
Stormers
Lancaster Stormers
Hagerstown Flying Boxcars
Flying Boxcars
Hagerstown Flying Boxcars
  • North Division
  • South Division
  • Hiatus

League timeline

[edit]
Gastonia Ghost PeppersHagerstown Flying BoxcarsSpire City Ghost HoundsWild Health GenomesStaten Island FerryHawksCharleston Dirty BirdsLexington LegendsGastonia Honey HuntersHigh Point RockersNew Britain BeesSugar Land SkeetersSouthern Maryland Blue CrabsYork RevolutionLancaster BarnstormersCamden RiversharksLong Island DucksAberdeen ArsenalSomerset PatriotsPennsylvania Road WarriorsPennsylvania Road WarriorsNewburgh Black DiamondsNewark BearsNashua PrideBridgeport BluefishAtlantic City Surf

League members Moved to another league

Former teams

[edit]
Team City Stadium Seasons History
Aberdeen Arsenal Bel Air, Maryland Thomas Run Park 2000 Replaced by the Aberdeen IronBirds (Orioles Class-A affiliate)
Atlantic City Surf Atlantic City, New Jersey The Sandcastle 1998–2006 Moved to Can-Am League, folded prior to the 2009 season
Bridgeport Bluefish Bridgeport, Connecticut The Ballpark at Harbor Yard 1998–2017 Folded when they lost the lease on their ballpark; replaced by the High Point Rockers
Camden Riversharks Camden, New Jersey Campbell's Field 2001–2015 Replaced by the New Britain Bees
Gastonia Honey Hunters Gastonia, North Carolina CaroMont Health Park 2021-2023 ALPB terminated league membership over more than $1 million in unpaid debt
Lehigh Valley Black Diamonds Quakertown, Pennsylvania Quakertown Memorial Stadium 1999–2001 Formerly the Newburgh Black Diamonds (1998), became the first Pennsylvania Road Warriors
Nashua Pride Nashua, New Hampshire Holman Stadium 1998–2005 Moved to Can-Am League, later relocated to Pittsfield, Massachusetts, folded at the end of the 2011 season
Newark Bears Newark, New Jersey Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium 1998–2010 Moved to Can-Am League, folded prior to the 2014 season
Newburgh Black Diamonds Newburgh, New York Delano-Hitch Stadium 1998 Became the Lehigh Valley Black Diamonds (1999–2001), which became the first Pennsylvania Road Warriors (2002–2004)
New Britain Bees New Britain, Connecticut New Britain Stadium 2016–2019 Moved to Futures Collegiate Baseball League; Replaced by the Road Warriors for the 2020 season[57]
Somerset Patriots Bridgewater Township, New Jersey TD Bank Ballpark 1998–2020 Moved to Minor League Baseball as part of MiLB realignment; became New York Yankees Double-A affiliate.
Sugar Land Skeeters Sugar Land, Texas Constellation Field 2012–2020 Moved to Minor League Baseball as part of MiLB realignment; became Houston Astros Triple-A affiliate.[58][59]
Wild Health Genomes Lexington, Kentucky Wild Health Field 2022 Replaced by the Spire City Ghost Hounds in Frederick, Maryland.[60][61]

Proposed teams that never played

[edit]
Team City Stadium Planned start
Bergen Cliff Hawks East Rutherford, New Jersey Bergen Ballpark 2000–2011
Loudoun Hounds Ashburn, Virginia Edelman Financial Field 2012–2016
Virginia Beach Neptunes Virginia Beach, Virginia Wheeler Field 2016–2017

Championship Series

[edit]

The ALPB Championship Series is played as a best-of-five. Numbers in parentheses denote the number of championships won by a team to that point, when more than one.

Year Winner Runner-up Result Championship Series MVP
1998 Atlantic City Surf Bridgeport Bluefish 3–1 Chris Eddy
1999 Bridgeport Bluefish Somerset Patriots 3–0 Duane Singleton
2000 Nashua Pride Somerset Patriots 3–0 D.J. Boston
2001 Somerset Patriots Newark Bears 3–2 Robert Dodd
2002 Newark Bears Bridgeport Bluefish 3–0 Jimmy Hurst
2003 Somerset Patriots (2) Nashua Pride 3–2 Jeff Nettles
2004 Long Island Ducks Camden Riversharks 3–0 Justin Davies
2005 Somerset Patriots (3) Nashua Pride 3–0 Mark DiFelice
2006 Lancaster Barnstormers Bridgeport Bluefish 3–0 Jeremy Todd
2007 Newark Bears (2) Somerset Patriots 3–1 José Herrera
2008 Somerset Patriots (4) Camden Riversharks 3–1 Brandon Larson
2009 Somerset Patriots (5) Southern Maryland Blue Crabs 3–1 Jeff Nettles
2010 York Revolution Bridgeport Bluefish 3–0 Ramón Castro
2011 York Revolution (2) Long Island Ducks 3–1 Vince Harrison
2012 Long Island Ducks (2) Lancaster Barnstormers 3–2 Dan Lyons
2013 Long Island Ducks (3) Somerset Patriots 3–2 John Brownell
2014 Lancaster Barnstormers (2) Sugar Land Skeeters 3–0 Gabe Jacobo
2015 Somerset Patriots (6) Southern Maryland Blue Crabs 3–1 Roy Merritt
2016 Sugar Land Skeeters Long Island Ducks 3–0 Juan Martinez
2017 York Revolution (3) Long Island Ducks 3–0 Telvin Nash / Chase Huchingson
2018 Sugar Land Skeeters (2) Long Island Ducks 3–2 James Russell
2019 Long Island Ducks (4)[62] Sugar Land Skeeters 3–2 Deibinson Romero
2020 Season cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic
2021 Lexington Legends Long Island Ducks 3–1 Courtney Hawkins
2022 Lancaster Barnstormers (3) High Point Rockers 3–0 Oscar De La Cruz
2023 Lancaster Barnstormers (4) Gastonia Honey Hunters 3–2 Brent Teller
2024 York Revolution (4) Charleston Dirty Birds 3–0 Jacob Rhinesmith

All-Star Games

[edit]
Year Location Stadium Winner Score
1998 Atlantic City, New Jersey The Sandcastle Atlantic City 6–4
1999 Bridgeport, Connecticut The Ballpark at Harbor Yard South 8–3
2000 Bridgewater, New Jersey Commerce Bank Ballpark North 2–0
2001 Newark, New Jersey Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium North 10–0
2002 Central Islip, New York Citibank Park South 4–1
2003 Nashua, New Hampshire Holman Stadium South 2–1
2004 Camden, New Jersey Campbell's Field North 10–8
2005 Atlantic City, New Jersey The Sandcastle North 9–6
2006 Bridgeport, Connecticut The Ballpark at Harbor Yard North 4–1
2007 Lancaster, Pennsylvania Clipper Magazine Stadium North 8–6
2008 Bridgewater, New Jersey Commerce Bank Ballpark Freedom 8–6
2009 Newark, New Jersey Bears & Eagles Riverfront Stadium Liberty 7–5
2010 Central Islip, New York Suffolk County Sports Park Liberty 7–1
2011 York, Pennsylvania Sovereign Bank Stadium Freedom 7–0
2012 Camden, New Jersey Campbell's Field Freedom 9–5
2013 Waldorf, Maryland Regency Furniture Stadium Freedom 2–1
2014 Sugar Land, Texas Constellation Field Sugar Land 5–3
2015 Bridgeport, Connecticut The Ballpark at Harbor Yard Freedom 5–1
2016 Lancaster, Pennsylvania Clipper Magazine Stadium Freedom 3–1
2017 Bridgewater, New Jersey TD Bank Ballpark Freedom 10–3
2018 Central Islip, New York Bethpage Ballpark Liberty 4–3
2019 York, Pennsylvania PeoplesBank Park Freedom 3–3†
2020 None (season cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic)
2021 None
2022
2023

† Freedom Division won the 2019 game in a "homer-off" after the teams were tied at the end of nine innings.[63]

League records

[edit]
Main article: Atlantic League records

Major League Baseball players

[edit]

Some Atlantic League players have come from, or advanced to, the higher ranks of Major League Baseball. Some have resurrected their careers and returned to the majors, while others played in the independent league during the start or end of their careers.[64] The following is a list of some of those players:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "League Office". atlanticleague.com. Archived from the original on July 15, 2019. Retrieved July 15, 2019.
  2. ^ a b "Indy Atlantic League designated MLB Partner League". Ballpark Digest. August Publishing. September 23, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  3. ^ a b "American Association, Frontier League now MLB Partner Leagues". Ballpark Digest. August Publishing. September 24, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2020.
  4. ^ "Atlantic League Market Requirements". Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. Archived from the original on May 2, 2006. Retrieved May 6, 2006.
  5. ^ Walk, John (May 18, 2012). "Ian Thomas earns first affiliated contract". The York Dispatch. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2016.
  6. ^ Beach, Jerry (July 13, 2018). "For the Atlantic League, the All-Star Game is All About Its Amazing Balancing Act". Forbes. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
  7. ^ "MLB to Test Experimental Rules, Equipment in Atlantic League". Ballpark Digest. August Publishing. February 26, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2019.
  8. ^ Fehrman, Craig (May 9, 2012). "Down And Out In Baseball's Indie Leagues; Or, What Made Tommy John Want To Rake The Infield?". Deadspin. Gawker Media. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  9. ^ "Creation of developmental indy league announced". Ballgamers. June 28, 2013. Archived from the original on August 13, 2014. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  10. ^ Knight, Graham. "Independent Leagues 2014 Attendance". BaseballPilgrimages.com. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  11. ^ Recihard, Kevin (September 16, 2013). "2013 Independent Attendance by League". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  12. ^ Reichard, Kevin (September 24, 2012). "2012 Independent Attendance by League". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  13. ^ Reichard, Kevin (September 19, 2011). "2011 Independent Average Attendance by League". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  14. ^ Reichard, Kevin (May 17, 2010). "Atlantic League to expand to Sugar Land". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  15. ^ Reichard, Kevin (October 6, 2010). "It's official: Bears to Can-Am Association". Ballpark Digest. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  16. ^ Merrill, Everett (February 5, 2014). "Atlantic League's New President Wants To Innovate". Baseball America. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  17. ^ Fagan, Ryan (June 30, 2015). "Atlantic League set to introduce red, white and blue baseballs". Sporting News. Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  18. ^ "New Britain gains Atlantic League OK". Record-Journal. September 1, 2015. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
  19. ^ "Baseball Will Likely Return to New Britain Next Season". NBC Connecticut. September 1, 2015.
  20. ^ "Conditional Deal For Baseball In New Britain In 2016". CBS Connecticut. September 1, 2015. Archived from the original on September 3, 2015. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
  21. ^ "New Britain Conditionally Approved to Begin Atlantic League Play in 2016". Atlantic League Professional Baseball: Newswire. September 1, 2015.
  22. ^ "Riversharks Baseball Ceases Operation; Team Not Offered New Lease". Atlantic League Professional Baseball: Newswire. October 22, 2015.
  23. ^ Stacom, Don (October 22, 2015). "Atlantic League Baseball: Camden Is Out, New Britain Is In". Hartford Courant. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  24. ^ Eisenberg, Matt (May 29, 2016). "Guest manager Jennie Finch leads Bridgeport Bluefish to win". Espn.go.com. Retrieved May 31, 2016.
  25. ^ "End Of An Era: Bluefish Will Be Moving From Bridgeport To North Carolina". Daily Voice. Bridgeport, Connecticut. September 10, 2017. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
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  27. ^ Cooper, J.J. (May 15, 2015). "MLB, Atlantic League Sign Player Transfer Agreement". Baseball America. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  28. ^ "Independent Atlantic League cancels season due to virus". AP NEWS. June 19, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  29. ^ "Atlantic League Clubs Announce Updated 2020 Plans". atlanticleague.com. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
  30. ^ "Skeeters Intend to Host Four-Team Pro Baseball League at Constellation Field". sugarlandskeeters.com. June 13, 2020.
  31. ^ "Somerset Patriots Series Brings Baseball To Sellout Crowds And Community". August 26, 2020. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  32. ^ "Atlantic League of Professional Baseball Expands to City of Gastonia, NC". AtlanticLeague.com. July 28, 2020. Archived from the original on July 28, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  33. ^ "The Somerset Patriots Are The New York Yankees Double-A Affiliate". somersetpatriots.com. November 7, 2020.
  34. ^ Rome, Chandler (November 20, 2020). "Astros officially make Sugar Land Skeeters the Triple-A affiliate". Houston Chronicle.
  35. ^ "Atlantic League Welcomes Lexington Legends". AtlanticLeague.com. February 18, 2021. Archived from the original on February 18, 2021. Retrieved February 18, 2021.
  36. ^ "Power announces new league, ownership for 2021". Minor League Baseball. February 24, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
  37. ^ Schweigert, Keith (September 1, 2021). "New baseball team in Hagerstown, MD will join the Atlantic League in 2023". WPMT. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  38. ^ McMillon, Dave (March 1, 2022). "New Hagerstown baseball stadium expected to be completed in 2024". The Herald-Mail. Hagerstown, Maryland: Herald-Mail Media. Archived from the original on March 1, 2022. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  39. ^ Adams, Cindy (April 11, 2022). "Welcome Whitmore — This woman is making baseball history in NYC". New York Post. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  40. ^ Axisa, Mike (May 1, 2022). "Kelsie Whitmore becomes first woman to start game in Atlantic League of Professional Baseball". CBSSports.com. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  41. ^ Randhawa, Manny (May 4, 2022). "Kelsie Whitmore makes history pitching for FerryHawks". MLB.com. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
  42. ^ McMillon, Dave (July 20, 2023). "Hagerstown Flying Boxcars to be the name of new Atlantic League baseball team". The Herald-Mail. Hagerstown, Maryland: Herald-Mail Media. Archived from the original on July 21, 2023. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  43. ^ a b Reichard, Kevin (September 23, 2023). "Ghost Hounds to sit out 2024 season". Ballpark Digest. August Publications. Retrieved October 19, 2023.
  44. ^ a b "Atlantic League announces 2025 schedule". Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. October 8, 2024. Retrieved October 10, 2024.
  45. ^ Fohner, Kara (November 22, 2023). "More trouble for Gastonia's Honey Hunters". The Gaston Gazette. Gannett Company. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
  46. ^ Reichard, Kevin (February 7, 2024). "Zawyer Sports & Entertainment in place for Gastonia ownership". Ballpark Digest. August Publications. Retrieved February 7, 2024.
  47. ^ Johncox, Cassidy; Lomis, Connor (October 16, 2024). "Gastonia Baseball Club announces new team name: See it here". WBTV. Retrieved October 16, 2024.
  48. ^ "Gastonia Drops Season Opener 3-2". Gastonia Baseball Club. April 26, 2024. Retrieved May 20, 2024.
  49. ^ Jung, Tristan (March 8, 2019). "MLB's Experimental Rule Changes for 2019 Atlantic League Include Moving Mound Back, Banning Shifts". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved November 14, 2020.[permanent dead link]
  50. ^ "MLB Delays Atlantic League Robo Ump Experiment". Close Call Sports. April 10, 2019. Retrieved April 10, 2019.
  51. ^ Maaddi, Rob (July 10, 2019). ""Robot umpires" debut in independent Atlantic League". lancasteronline.com. AP. Archived from the original on July 11, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  52. ^ Imber, Gil (July 10, 2019). "Atlantic League Debuts New Rules, E-Zone". Close Call Sports & Umpire Ejection Fantasy League. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  53. ^ Rogers, Jesse (April 14, 2021). "MLB to have Atlantic League experiment with moving back mound, 'double-hook' DH". ESPN.com. Retrieved April 25, 2021.
  54. ^ Golden, Andrew (January 14, 2022). "The Atlantic League, pioneer of the robo umps, will return to human umps in 2022". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  55. ^ "Experimental rules to be tested during 2022 Atlantic League season". MLB.com. March 15, 2022. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  56. ^ Castrovince, Anthony (April 18, 2023). "MLB, Atlantic League team up for more experimental rules". MLB.com. Retrieved May 24, 2023.
  57. ^ McFarland, Shawn (October 28, 2019). "New Britain Bees set to leave Atlantic League, will join Futures Collegiate Baseball League". Hartford Courant.
  58. ^ Young, Matt (November 16, 2020). "Astros to make Sugar Land Skeeters their Class AAA affiliate". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  59. ^ Byrne, Connor (November 17, 2020). "Sugar Land Skeeters To Become Astros' Triple-A Affiliate". MLB Trade Rumors. Retrieved November 17, 2020.
  60. ^ Byrne, Connor (November 16, 2022). "Frederick Atlantic League team added for 2023". Ballpark Digest. August Publications. Retrieved November 16, 2022.
  61. ^ Lewis, Gabrielle (June 24, 2023). "Meet the Ghost Hounds: Frederick's baseball team officially renamed". Frederick News-Post. Retrieved June 25, 2023.
  62. ^ "Long Island Ducks Are 2019 Atlantic League Champions". NY Sports Day (Press release). Long Island Ducks. October 7, 2019.
  63. ^ @AtlanticLg (July 10, 2019). "Hometown hero Isaias Tejeda of the @YorkRevolution wins the 2019 Atlantic League All-Star Game in a homer-off after the teams were tied at three following nine innings!! Congratulations to the Freedom Division!" (Tweet). Retrieved July 11, 2019 – via Twitter.
  64. ^ "Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, About Us". Retrieved April 21, 2021.
  65. ^ "Lexington Legends Sign Future MLB Hall of Famer Brandon Phillips". MiLB.com. Retrieved June 7, 2021.

Further reading

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