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Boylan Heights

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Coordinates: 35°46′26″N 78°39′7″W / 35.77389°N 78.65194°W / 35.77389; -78.65194
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This article is about the neighborhood in Raleigh, North Carolina. For the album by The Connells, see Boylan Heights (album).

Boylan Heights
Boylan Heights entrance sign monument in Raymond Lanier Memorial Park
Boylan Heights is located in North Carolina
Boylan Heights
Boylan Heights is located in the United States
Boylan Heights
LocationRoughly bounded by Norfolk & Southern RR, Mountford, Martin, and Florence Sts. and Dorothea Dr., Raleigh, North Carolina
Coordinates35°46′26″N 78°39′7″W / 35.77389°N 78.65194°W / 35.77389; -78.65194
Area82 acres (33 ha)
Built1907-1935
ArchitectMultiple
Architectural styleBungalow/Craftsman, Colonial, Queen Anne
MPSEarly Twentieth Century Raleigh Neighborhoods TR
NRHP reference No.85001671[1]
Added to NRHPJuly 29, 1985

Boylan Heights is one of eight historic neighborhoods surrounding downtown Raleigh, North Carolina.[2] Developed in the early 20th century it was one of the earliest planned suburbs in the city. From its apex at Montfort Hall, the neighborhood slops gradually south-east towards Western Boulevard. After petitions from residents, the neighborhood was added to the National Register of Historic Places as a historic district on July 29, 1985.[3]

The national historic district encompasses 252 contributing buildings and was developed between 1907 and about 1935. It includes notable examples of Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture.[4]

History

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Boylan Family 1818-1907

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Boylan Heights is named after the Boylan family who first moved to Raleigh in 1799. Originally from a prominent family in New Jersey, William M. Boylan Sr. moved to Halifax, North Carolina to work for his uncle sometime before 1797. After a short relocation to Fayetteville in 1797 the pair moved to the newly created state capital to publish Federalist Party newspapers, the North Carolina Minerva and Raleigh Advisor. [5]

In 1818 Boylan Sr. purchased 197 acres of land for $3,000,[6] which included what was the mainhouse of Wakefield Plantation, formerly owned by Raleigh and Wake County founding father Joel Lane.[7] Along with his first wife Elizabeth Stokes McCulloch, who died in 1825 and his second wife Jane Elliot, he would live in the Joel Lane House until his death in 1861.[8]

Boylan Sr. deeded his son William M. Boylan Jr. 100 acres in 1855. The boundary for the newly divided track was less than a quarter mile away from the Joel Lane House.[4]Three years later Boylan Jr. hired English architect, William Percival and Raleigh builder Thomas H. Briggs Sr. Construction of Montfort Hall started shortly thereafter and was completed by 1858.[9]

When Union Army soldiers set up camp at Dorothea Dix Hospital in Raleigh during April 1865 as many as 30,000 soldiers scattered across the hospital's campus, with some spilling over onto Boylan Jr's land.[10] Montfort Hall was of the few surviving grand mansions left in Raleigh from the pre-Civil War era.

William Boylan Jr's Montfort Hall Circa 1900. Courtesy of State Archives of North Carolina

Following William Boylan Jr's death in 1899 the property passed to his wife Mary along with the majority of his holdings. When she passed two years later she bequeathed Montfort Hall to her children. She stated in her will that it was her wish that her own son William would purchase the home from his siblings and take care of it for the rest of his life.[11]

William Boylan Jr's heirs sold the house and its surrounding land totaling 180 acres to the Greater Raleigh Land Company for $48,000 on June 15th, 1907.[12] Fourteen heirs had claim to a share of the property, including four minors who were represented by their guardian.

Greater Raleigh Land Company 1907-1915

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The early 20th Century saw rapid expansion for Raleigh.[13] Struggling farmers abandoned their land, moving to urban areas including Ashville, Durham, Charlotte, Burlington, High Point, and Raleigh. Industries in these cities provided them with new opportunities and the excitement of city life.[14] Creating a housing crisis that inspired real estate firms across the state to plot suburban developments. William Boylan's 100+ acre plantation was a perfect location. Only a ten-minute walk from North Carolina's Capital Building, a short distance from Pullen Park, and just outside of the then-city limits to ensure privacy and tranquility.

Raleigh Real Estate & Trust Company oversaw a handful of these developments on the outskirts of the city. Cameron Park, and Historic Glenwood near Five Points were developed at the same time. For the Boylan Heights project, twelve partners came together to form the Greater Raleigh Land Company, including Thomas Henery Briggs Jr. whose father helped build Montfort Hall in the 1850's. According to the company's certification of incorporation, their object was "to buy land in large quantity and subdivide the land into lots and sell them."[15] Many members of the group had either familiar or political connections to civic leaders. In practice, the company worked as a subsidiary of the Raleigh Real Estate & Trust Co.

Recorded plot map of Boylan Heights circa 1908

Frank K. Ellington who served as the president of both companies and his partner J. Stanhope Wynne carefully planned Boylan Heights with a vision of its future character and social composition. Utilizing restrictive covenants they set a minimum construction value for each lot, with the highest value required on Boylan Avenue alongside the renamed Boylan Mansion.

Lot 72 to the immediate left of the mansion was sold to A.I. Kaplan for $900 in 1909, requiring at least a $3,000 home to be constructed.[16] Lot 150, further down Boylan Ave. between Cabarrus Street & South Street was sold to J.A. Scott in the same year for $450. Mr. Scott was obligated to spend at least $2,000 constructing his home.[17] Both houses need to sit at least twenty feet back from the front of their lots. Further away from the top of the neighborhood lot 215 was sold to Albert Finnell in 1913 for "$100 and other valuable consideration."[18] He agreed to spend at least $1,000 in constructing his house.

As a result of the restrictions, lots on Boylan Ave. have large front lawns, many featuring wide porches. The rest of the development is a collection of smaller lots with little if any yard space.

Also included in the deed restrictions was an attempt to keep the neighborhood segregated. Every deed included a clause that barred black people from becoming residents. "The premises shall not be occupied by negros or a person of mixed or negro blood; Provided, that this shall not be construed to prevent the living upon the premises of any negro servant whose time is employed for domestic purposes by the occupants of the dwelling-home."[19]

Ad for Boylan Heights Neighborhood placed in Wake County Newspapers in 1909

Boylan Heights was marketed as the highest point in Raleigh. [20] Perfect for builders, investors, or families. A large lot was set aside for Boylan Spring Park, though it would later be developed as a school for the neighborhood's children. An advertisement from 1909 instructed citizens to "let the pennies pay for a beautiful lot [in] Boylan Heights." It further claimed that if you could save just fifty cents a day for a few months you'd be able to afford one of the desirable lots.[21]

As part of their marketing for the new development Greater Raleigh Land Company donated a lot valued at $700 to be actioned off at the 1908 Masonic Carnival.[22] [23] G.N. Walters was reported as the winner of the action, though there is no evidence the lot was ever deeded to him.[24]

Once all of the development's lots were sold in 1915 The Greater Raleigh Land Company dissolved.[25] Two remaining lots, one intended to be Boylan Spring Park and the other a triangular lot at the corner of Kinsey Street and Boylan Avenue were deeded to The Boylan Heights Improvement Association for $10.[26] The association was given the lots to hold in trust for the use and benefit of all property owners within Boylan Heights.

In Media

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Boylan Heights was explored in the book Everything Sings: Maps for a Narrative Atlas which maps the neighborhood in unusual ways. Maps include the location of jack-o'-lanterns on porches, radio waves permeating the air, the light from street lamps, and other attributes of Boylan Heights that cannot be mapped in a traditional way.[27] The book was written by resident and critical cartographer Denis Wood.

Indy pop/rock band and Raleigh nativies, The Connells named their second album Boylan Heights after the neighborhood in 1987.[28]

Notable structures

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Notable residents

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. ^ "Raleigh Historical Districts".
  3. ^ "NPGallery Boylan Heights". National Park Service.
  4. ^ a b unknown (n.d.). "Boylan Heights" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places - Nomination and Inventory. North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
  5. ^ "NCpedia - William Boylan".
  6. ^ "Deed recorded 4/16/1818 between William Boylan & Thomas Henderson Book 2 Page 100". Wake County Register of Deeds.
  7. ^ "Joel Lane, Raleigh's "Founding Father"". North Carolina History Project.
  8. ^ "William Boylan (H69". NC Department of Natural & Cultural Resources.
  9. ^ "Montfort Hall". North Carolina Architects & Builders. - NC State University Libraries.
  10. ^ "Final Report Adopted by the Dix Legacy Committee 08/28/2018" (PDF). Dorothea Dix.
  11. ^ "National Register of Historic Places -- Nomination Form -- Montford Hall" (PDF).
  12. ^ "Recorded deed between heirs of William Boylan Jr & Greater Raleigh Land Company - Book 219 Page 546". Wake County Register of Deeds.
  13. ^ "Raleigh - Early Twentieth Century, 1900-1945". Raleigh Historic Development Commission.
  14. ^ "How The Twenties Roared in North Carolina". NCpedia.
  15. ^ "Greater Raleigh Land Company Certification of Incorporation". Wake County Register of Deeds.
  16. ^ "Recorded Deed Between The Greater Raleigh Land Co. & A.I. Kaplan". Wake County Register of Deeds.
  17. ^ "Recorded Deed between GRLC and J.A. Scott". Wake County Register of Deeds.
  18. ^ "Recorded Deed between GRLC and Albert Finnell". Wake County Register of Deeds.
  19. ^ "Recorded Deed between GRLC and Albert Finnell". Wake County Register of Deeds.
  20. ^ "Boylan Heights ad from 1909 in the Raleigh Evening Times". North Carolina News Paper Archives.
  21. ^ "Boylan Heights Pennies ad". NC Newspaper Archives. The Raleigh Evening Times. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  22. ^ "Great Gift to Carnival". NC Newspaper Archives. Raleigh Evening Times. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  23. ^ "Boylan Heights Lot Will be Sold Tonight". NC Newspaper Archives. Raleigh Evening Times. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  24. ^ "The Carnival Closes". NC Newspaper Archives. Raleigh Evening Times. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  25. ^ "GRLC Certification of Dissolution". Wake County Register of Deeds. North Carolina Department of State.
  26. ^ "Recorded Deed between GRLC and Boylan Heights Improvement Ass". Wake County Register of Deeds. Wake County Register of Deeds. Retrieved September 1, 2024.
  27. ^ Wood, Denis (2013). Everything Sings: Maps for a Narrative Atlas. Los Angeles: Siglio Press. ISBN 978-1-938221-02-6.
  28. ^ "Boylan Heights Album". The Connells.
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