CasaPound

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CasaPound
PresidentGianluca Iannone
Founded26 December 2003 (2003-12-26)[1]
Split fromTricolour Flame
Youth wingStudents' Block
Membership (2017)6,000[2][3]
IdeologyNeo-fascism[4][5]
Italian nationalism[6]
Hard Euroscepticism[7]
Souverainism[8][9]
Anti-capitalism[10]

Laicism[11][12]
Political positionFar-right[4][13][14][15][16]
Party flag
Website
www.casapounditalia.org Edit this at Wikidata

CasaPound Italia (abbr. CPI; "House of [Ezra] Pound") is an Italian neo-fascist[4] movement. It was formerly a political party, born as a network of far-right social centres arising from the occupation of a state-owned building by squatters in the neighborhood of Esquilino in Rome on 26 December 2003. Subsequently, CasaPound spread with other instances of squatting, demonstrations and various initiatives, becoming a political movement.

As such, in June 2008, CasaPound therefore constituted an "association of social promotion", and assumed its current name CasaPound Italia – CPI; the party's symbol is the "Arrowed Turtle".[17] On 26 June 2019, CasaPound's leader Gianluca Iannone announced CasaPound existence as a political party had ended, going back to its original status of social movement.[18]

History[edit]

CasaPound building in via Napoleone III, Rome (2010)

The first occupation made using the name CasaPound was on 26 December 2003 in Rome, by a group of young people referring to the ONC/OSA area (acronym for "Non-Compliant Occupations and Occupations with a Housing Purpose"), and coming from previous experience of CasaMontag (named after Guy Montag) at the gates of Rome. The building, a state-owned building in via Napoleone III, later has been used as the national headquarters of the movement and the association. In 2010, 23 families and a total of 82 people lived in CasaPound occupied building.[19]

Previously, CasaPound was associated with Tricolour Flame until 2008[20] but now has its own movement, CasaPound Italy, extending all over Italy with many social centres. While CPI does not recognize the classic definitions of right and left,[21] it is commonly placed in the category of the political groups and movements of the Italian radical right. Casapound is generally self-defined by its followers as Third Position, however.[22]

In 2011 it was estimated that CasaPound Italy had 5,000 members, while in 2017 they reached 6,000.[23] On 13 November 2017, Simone Di Stefano was elected secretary and nominal prime ministerial candidate for the 2018 general election,[24] although the party subsequently formally stated that it hoped Northern League leader Matteo Salvini became Prime Minister.[25]

In order to participate in the 2019 European Parliament election in Italy, an electoral joint list was formed by CasaPound together with United Right.[26] CasaPound leader Simone Di Stefano topped the coalition's list however the coalition was unable to win any seats in the European Parliament.[27] On 26 June 2019, CasaPound's Iannone announced CasaPound existence as a political party had ended, going back to its original status of social movement.[18]

During the 2022 Italian general election, CasaPound supported Italexit, which had a candidate list that included CasaPound members.[28][29]

Ideology[edit]

One feature of this movement, according to sociologist Emanuele Toscano, is to present a different interpretation of fascism aimed at overcoming the dichotomy of right-left.[30] The political position of CasaPound is based on the fascist Third Position, defined as "extreme-upper-centre" by the movement itself.[31]

The name, inspired by the poet Ezra Pound, refers to his Cantos against usury, criticisms of the economic positions of both capitalism and Marxism, and his cooperation with the Italian Social Republic. It also gives particular attention to the Manifesto of Verona, the Labour Charter of 1927 and social legislation of fascism.[32] There has been collaboration with the identitarian movement which propagates a white, Christian Europe.[33] The movement also praises the legacy of far-left figures, like Che Guevara[34] and Hugo Chávez.[35]

On social and domestic issues, CasaPound has a strong anti-immigration stance,[36] but lack of homogeneity on other themes. In January 2016, many members of the movement participated in the Family Day, supporting the traditional family idea.[37] In 2017, the establishment of CasaPound expressed support for same-sex civil unions,[38] advance directive and improvement of the welfare state.[39][40] The party supports abortion rights.[41] Some activists of the movement expressed antisemitic and xenophobic rhetoric online,[42] but CasaPound both refuses and expels members who support these ideas.[43]

On foreign policy, CasaPound is critical of the European Union, instead supporting a communitarian-nationalist Europe.[44][45] The Movement was originally both anti-American[46][47] and anti-Zionist,[48] and started a cooperation with the Lebanese anti-imperialist, anti-Zionist, Shia Islamist party Hezbollah in 2015.[49] However, Di Stefano later said, "we do not have problems with Israel".[50] In 2018, Di Stefano defended Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's policies regarding repatriation of illegal immigrants to Africa as "undoubtedly excellent", and criticised humanitarian organisations and the United Nations for intervening to prevent them.[51] After the end of Di Stefano's leadership of CasaPound, it reverted to a strongly pro-Palestine stance in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.[52][53]

Di Stefano has expressed support for U.S. President Donald Trump, but requested that he close U.S. military bases in Italy.[54]

Formerly pro-Russian, after the outbreak of the Russo-Ukrainian War, CasaPound began supporting Ukraine. The opposite happened for the neo-fascist rival New Force (a former Italian ally of the Ukrainian party Svoboda), which made a shift to the pro-Russian camp.[55] According to the Italian edition of the HuffPost, members of CasaPound went to fight in Ukraine, among them Francesco Saverio Fontana enlisted in the Azov Battalion.[56]

Activities[edit]

CasaPound rally in Naples.

The social centre has its own musical band, Zetazeroalfa, an association of civil protection and promotes sports (hiking, parachuting, diving and other disciplines), union activities, and recreational activities, including a theater company, web radio, web television and a monthly magazine.

CasaPound has promoted initiatives outside the Italian territory through its non-profit organization Solidarité Identités.[57] The activities of the movement have been the subject of attention by some foreign media.[58][59]

From the period of activity of the first social centre then were organized and cultural meetings with several guests, including writer Nicolai Lilin,[60] the LGBT deputy Paola Concia,[61] an ex-Red Brigades Valerio Morucci,[62] and the Chinese community.[63]

The main CasaPound political proposal is the so-called Mutuo Sociale (Social Mortgage),[64] as a response to the problem of housing which, according to official data, involving approximately 23,000 households throughout Italy. In October 2011, the Lazio Region officially approved it within its "House Plan".[65]

Starting with the 2011 elections CasaPound presented their candidates in local elections in civic lists or centre-right and succeeded in electing its representatives.[66] At regional and national elections of 2013 CasaPound Italy announced that it will present its civic lists throughout Italy.

Youth wing[edit]

Logo of Blocco Studentesco, the youth wing of CasaPound.

In 2006, the movement that arose around the first community centre was endowed with its student organization, under the name "Students' Block" (Italian: Blocco Studentesco).[67] Francesco Polacchi is the General Secretary of Students' Block. Their logo resembles that of the British Union of Fascists.

Questions have been submitted by parliamentarians of the Democratic Party about fascist propaganda and the violence of the student movement.[68]

In October 2023, the Students' Block protested an event in Rome attended by the Likud, the Republican Party, the National Rally, Fidesz and the Alternative for Germany, calling for the liberation of Palestine, the Golan Heights and the Republic of Artsakh, and condemning the parties in attendance as "pro-Russian and anti-European".[69]

International meetings[edit]

Over the years the leaders of CasaPound Italy have been invited to explain its “political model” in many of the major European capitals (Paris, Madrid, London, Lisbon, Brussels, Warsaw)[70] and the organization has been the subject of some reports by foreign media.[58]

In 2011 the Finnish Resistance Movement also invited members of CasaPound to a seminar in Helsinki.[71] The Finnish Resistance Movement represents national socialism.[72] The Finnish Security Intelligence Service researched the connections of the Finnish Resistance Movement to CasaPound after the 2011 Florence shootings.[73]

Symbolic figures[edit]

The party's choice of American poet Ezra Pound as a symbol of the movement has caused controversy with his daughter, Mary de Rachewiltz, who claimed it distorts the meaning of Pound's work and represents a "misappropriation" of his image,[74] despite Pound's stated support for fascism.

Electoral results[edit]

Italian Parliament[edit]

Chamber of Deputies
Election year Votes % Seats +/– Leader
2013 47,691 (20th) 0.14
0 / 630
Gianluca Iannone
2018 312,432 (10th) 0.95
0 / 630
Simone Di Stefano
Senate of the Republic
Election year Votes % Seats +/– Leader
2013 40,540 (20th) 0.13
0 / 315
Gianluca Iannone
2018 259,718 (10th) 0.86
0 / 315
Simone Di Stefano

European Parliament[edit]

European Parliament
Election year Votes % Seats +/– Leader
2019 89,142 0.33
0 / 72
new
Simone Di Stefano
Massimiliano Panero

Regional or Provincial Councils[edit]

Region Election year Votes % Seats +/–
Lombardy 2018 45,416 0.86
0 / 80
Umbria 2015 2,343 0.66
0 / 20
Lazio 2013 18,491 0.66
0 / 50
2018 42,609 1.68
0 / 50
Abruzzo 2019 2,974 0.47
0 / 31
Molise 2018 477 0.33
0 / 21
South Tyrol 2018 2,451 0.86
0 / 35
Trentino 2018 1,215 0.48
0 / 35

See also[edit]

References[edit]

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  2. ^ "CasaPound: quasi seimila iscritti in 48 ore, risultato da record per la festa del tesseramento". CasaPound Italia. 16 January 2017. Archived from the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
  3. ^ "Interview with Sebastien (CasaPound Italia". RECONQUISTA. 17 February 2016. Archived from the original on 12 May 2017. Retrieved 3 March 2018.
  4. ^ a b c Upchurch, H. E. (22 December 2021). Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina (eds.). "The Iron March Forum and the Evolution of the "Skull Mask" Neo-Fascist Network" (PDF). CTC Sentinel. 14 (10). West Point, New York: Combating Terrorism Center: 27–37. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  5. ^ Pietro Castelli Gattinara; Caterina Froio; Matteo Albanese (2013). The appeal of neo-fascism in times of crisis. The experience of CasaPound Italia (PDF). . Journal of Comparative Fascist Studies.
  6. ^ "Reggio Emilia - Contro ogni nazionalismo, per un'Europa di diritti e dignità". Global Project.
  7. ^ "Intervista a Simone Di Stefano sull'Unione Europea". Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  8. ^ Katia Bonchi (14 September 2017). "Estrema destra, parlano i militanti della Superba: "Neofascisti? Termine riduttivo, siamo sovranisti e guardiamo al futuro"". Genova24.
  9. ^ Antonio Rapisarda (14 June 2017). "I movimenti di Ultradestra provano a rifarsi il look come "sovranisti" (E qualcuno li vota...)". Dagospia.
  10. ^ Jean-Yves Camus; Nicolas Lebourg (5 November 2015). Les Droites extrêmes en Europe (in French). Editions du Seuil. ISBN 9782021176520.
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  15. ^ "++ Far-right CasaPound activist 'attacked in Livorno' ++". Retrieved 20 September 2018.
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  25. ^ "Fascists throw support behind hard-Right party in Silvio Berlusconi's alliance ahead of Italian election". The Daily Telegraph. 26 February 2018.
  26. ^ "Elezioni Europee 2019: CasaPound in lizza con Destre Unite". Affaritaliani.it.
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  32. ^ Paolo Berizzi (21 June 2017). "Saluti romani e un tocco di glamour ecco la nuova strategia di CasaPound". la Repubblica.
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  35. ^ ""Patria, socialismo o muerte". Casa Pound ricorda Chavez: striscioni in 50 città". Blitz. 11 March 2013.
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  37. ^ Alessandro Trocino (26 January 2016). "Al Family day anche Casa Pound. Gli organizzatori: non li vogliamo". Corriere della Sera.
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  39. ^ Alessandro Capriccioli (8 February 2012). "Roma, Casapound spiazza tutti". l'Espresso.
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  49. ^ Corrado Zunino (20 September 2015). "Roma, la strana coppia Hezbollah-Casapound insieme al convegno". la Repubblica.
  50. ^ Pedro Zúquete, José (2018). The Identitarians. "We are not racists, we are not anti-Semitic, we do not have problems with Israel," said Simone Di Stefano, CasaPound's vice president, when its then-political ally Matteo Salvini was denied entry into Israel on the purported basis of his CasaPound connection.
  51. ^ "Israele-migranti, per Di Stefano (CasaPound): "E' colpa delle Ong"". Lo Speciale. 3 April 2018.
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  56. ^ "Questa volta il derby nero si gioca sulla guerra: CasaPound è per l'Ucraina, Forza Nuova per la Russia" [This time the black derby is about war: CasaPound is for Ukraine, Forza Nuova is for Russia]. HuffPost Italia (in Italian). 1 March 2022. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
  57. ^ "Solidarité Identites". Archived from the original on 4 February 2013. Retrieved 18 January 2013.
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  59. ^ Гнетий, Всеволод (16 February 2011). "Муссолини вместо Берлускони?". Радио Свобода.
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  61. ^ "++ Carabinieri e Gdf a Roma negli uffici della Consip ++ – L'altroquotidiano.it". www.altroquotidiano.it.
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  64. ^ "Mutuo Sociale". www.mutuosociale.org.
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  69. ^ "La Palestina non è "roba" da compagni: l'azione a Roma che fa saltare gli schemi". Il Primato Nazionale.
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  71. ^ "City of Helsinki rented space to neo-Nazi group," YLE News (31 October 2011). Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  72. ^ (in Finnish) Mikael Brunila, "Ei ole yhtä äärioikeistoa - keitä Suomen vastarintaliike kutsui Helsinkiin?," Suomen Kuvalehti (21 October 2011; uptaded: 29 November 2013). Retrieved 14 December 2013.
  73. ^ "Supo looks into possible Finnish connection to Florence shooter," YLE (15 December 2011). Retrieved 14 December 2013.
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External links[edit]