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dUTP diphosphatase

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dUTP diphosphatase
Identifiers
EC no.3.6.1.23
CAS no.37289-34-2
Databases
IntEnzIntEnz view
BRENDABRENDA entry
ExPASyNiceZyme view
KEGGKEGG entry
MetaCycmetabolic pathway
PRIAMprofile
PDB structuresRCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene OntologyAmiGO / QuickGO
Search
PMCarticles
PubMedarticles
NCBIproteins
dUTPase
crystal structures of feline immunodeficiency virus dutp pyrophosphatase and its nucleotide complexes in three crystal forms.
Identifiers
SymboldUTPase
PfamPF00692
Pfam clanCL0153
InterProIPR008180
SCOP21dup / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary
dUTPase_2
the crystal structure of a complex of campylobacter jejuni dutpase with substrate analogue dupnhp
Identifiers
SymboldUTPase_2
PfamPF08761
Pfam clanCL0231
InterProIPR014871
SCOP21w2y / SCOPe / SUPFAM
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary

In Enzymology, a dUTP diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

dUTP + H2O dUMP + diphosphate

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are dUTP and H2O, whereas its two products are dUMP and diphosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus-containing anhydrides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is dUTP nucleotidohydrolase. Other names in common use include deoxyuridine-triphosphatase, dUTPase, dUTP pyrophosphatase, desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, and desoxyuridine 5'-triphosphatase. This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism.

This enzyme has a dual function: on one hand, it removes dUTP from the deoxynucleotide pool, which reduces the probability of this base being incorporated into DNA by DNA polymerases, while on the other hand, it produces the dTTP precursor dUMP. Lack or inhibition of dUTPase action leads to harmful perturbations in the nucleotide pool resulting in increased uracil content of DNA that activates a hyperactive futile cycle of DNA repair.[1][2]

Structural studies

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As of late 2007, 48 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1DUC, 1DUD, 1DUN, 1DUP, 1DUT, 1EU5, 1EUW, 1F7D, 1F7K, 1F7N, 1F7O, 1F7P, 1F7Q, 1F7R, 1MQ7, 1OGH, 1OGK, 1OGL, 1PKH, 1PKJ, 1PKK, 1RN8, 1RNJ, 1SEH, 1SIX, 1SJN, 1SLH, 1SM8, 1SMC, 1SNF, 1SYL, 1VYQ, 1W2Y, 2BSY, 2BT1, 2CJE, 2D4L, 2D4M, 2D4N, 2HQU, 2HR6, 2HRM, 2OKB, 2OKD, 2OKE, 2OL0, 2OL1, and 2PY4.

There are at least two structurally distinct families of dUTPases. The crystal structure of human dUTPase reveals that each subunit of the dUTPase trimer folds into an eight-stranded jelly-roll beta barrel, with the C-terminal beta strands interchanged among the subunits. The structure is similar to that of the Escherichia coli enzyme, despite low sequence homology between the two enzymes.[3]

The second family has a novel all-alpha fold, members of this family are unrelated to the all-beta fold found in dUTPases of the majority of organisms.[4]

See also

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  • DUT, the gene that codes for this enzyme in humans
  • DnaS or dut, the gene that codes for this enzyme in E. coli

References

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  1. ^ Vertessy BG, Toth J (2009). "Keeping uracil out of DNA". Accounts of Chemical Research. 42 (1): 97–106. doi:10.1021/ar800114w. PMC 2732909. PMID 18837522.
  2. ^ Vassylyev DG, Morikawa K (1996). "Precluding uracil from DNA". Structure. 4 (12): 1381–5. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(96)00145-1. PMID 8994964.
  3. ^ Mol CD, Harris JM, McIntosh EM, Tainer JA (September 1996). "Human dUTP pyrophosphatase: uracil recognition by a beta hairpin and active sites formed by three separate subunits". Structure. 4 (9): 1077–92. doi:10.1016/S0969-2126(96)00114-1. PMID 8805593.
  4. ^ Moroz, O. V.; Harkiolaki, M.; Galperin, M. Y.; Vagin, A. A.; González-Pacanowska, D.; Wilson, K. S. (2004). "The Crystal Structure of a Complex of Campylobacter jejuni dUTPase with Substrate Analogue Sheds Light on the Mechanism and Suggests the "Basic Module" for Dimeric d(C/U)TPases". Journal of Molecular Biology. 342 (5): 1583–1597. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.07.050. PMID 15364583.

Further reading

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This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR008180
This article incorporates text from the public domain Pfam and InterPro: IPR014871