Fort Maubara

Fort Maubara
Fort Maubara
	Front gate of Fort Maubara, East Timor
	Location within East Timor
General information
Architectural style	18th century colonial
Town or city	Maubara
Country	East Timor
Coordinates	8°36′37.4″S 125°12′16.0″E / 8.610389°S 125.204444°E
Completed	1756
Technical details
Structural system	Stone built barracks fort

Fort Maubara is a small Dutch colonial fortress located in the East Timorese town of Maubara, Suco Vaviquinia, Maubara administrative post, Liquiçá municipality. The rectangular fort, on whose wall two cannons still stand, is the most striking building in the town. It is located directly at the entrance to Maubara, on the well-developed thoroughfare, from where visitors could see the entire bay from the beach. The fort is owned by the state, but is managed by the Maubara Association Mós Bele.^[1]

History

In 1667, Maubara allied itself with the Dutch, who built the fortress in 1756 to secure their colonial claims. Maubara became a Dutch enclave in Portuguese Timor. In 1758, two ships from Sikka, which was allied with Portugal, attacked Maubara. The Dutch East India Company (VOC) responded by sending two ships from Kupang to support Maubara's ruler José Xavier Doutel. After the successful defense, a unit of one hundred European and Balinese soldiers, under the command of Jacob Pietersz, was sent to Maubara to expand the fort. The enclosure now had a diameter of 80 feet and the walls were six feet thick. However, this was not enough of a deterrent. When Pietersz returned to Maubara with fresh soldiers in 1759, he once again had to defend the kingdom against unnamed attackers. The next Portuguese attack took place in 1760. A VOC ship with Mardijkers came to Maubara's aid. That year, the German VOC commander Hans Albrecht von Plüskow [de] lost his life. As a result, almost the entire crew of Fort Maubara was ordered back to Kupang in 1761. Only twelve European soldiers remained behind. Doutel therefore asked for reinforcements in Kupang and Batavia. To emphasize his request, he sent large quantities of sandalwood and beeswax as a gift. The following years remained turbulent. In 1790, the Topasse ruler Pedro da Hornay [de] attacked Maubara on behalf of Portugal. The attack was repulsed. All the Topaz achieved with this action was that Maubara renewed its alliance with the Netherlands and planted the Dutch flag. From 1796 to 1799, Maubara, together with Great Sonba'i, was again at war with the Portuguese.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

However, in the Treaty of Lisbon in 1859, the Dutch agreed to cede Maubara to the Portuguese as part of a larger territorial exchange. The handover took place in April 1861.^[6]^[2] In 1869, the captain of the Portuguese corvette Sa de Bandeira described the fort as being built of loose stones, close to the sea shore, which at this point was only equipped with a single, rusty cannon. Maubara revolted [de] against the Portuguese several times until 1893. A customs station was built in Maubara in 1889. The customs house is still located opposite the fort today.^[2]

The building inside the fort dates from the second half of the 20th century and once served as the seat of the local administration of Maubara. Today it houses a restaurant.^[1]

Gallery

Second gate at the backside
Fort corner by the roadside
Fort cannon aiming at the sea
Second cannon
Inside the fortress from the entrance
Vegetation inside the fortress

References

^ ^a ^b Arquitectural Patrimony of Portuguese Origins of Liquiçá. Dili: the Secretary of State for Arts and Culture in Timor-Leste. 2013. pp. 95–98 – via issuu.
^ ^a ^b ^c Gunn, Geoffrey C. History of Timor (PDF). p. 50. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2009.
^ "Chronology of the history of Timor (1512–1945) following recent events (1975–1999)" (PDF). Latitudes. 1 May 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03.
^ de Figueiredo, Fernando Augusto. Timor. A presença portuguesa (1769–1945) (PDF).
^ Kammen, Douglas (2015). Three Centuries of Conflict in East Timor.
^ ^a ^b Farram, Steven (2019-05-01). "The Maubara fort, a relic of eighteenth-century local autonomy and Dutch–Portuguese rivalry on Timor". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 50 (2): 263–287. doi:10.1017/S0022463419000225. ISSN 0022-4634.

Media related to Fort in Maubara at Wikimedia Commons

[:1-1] Arquitectural Patrimony of Portuguese Origins of Liquiçá. Dili: the Secretary of State for Arts and Culture in Timor-Leste. 2013. pp. 95–98 – via issuu.

[:0-2] Gunn, Geoffrey C. History of Timor (PDF). p. 50. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2009.

[3] "Chronology of the history of Timor (1512–1945) following recent events (1975–1999)" (PDF). Latitudes. 1 May 2000. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03.

[4] Figueiredo, Fernando Augusto. Timor. A presença portuguesa (1769–1945) (PDF).

[5] Kammen, Douglas (2015). Three Centuries of Conflict in East Timor.

[:2-6] Farram, Steven (2019-05-01). "The Maubara fort, a relic of eighteenth-century local autonomy and Dutch–Portuguese rivalry on Timor". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 50 (2): 263–287. doi:10.1017/S0022463419000225. ISSN 0022-4634.

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