Sense of ownership
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Sense of ownership (SoO), in psychology, is the feeling of identifying sensations (both internal and external) as affecting, establishing, and belonging to one's identified-self.[1] and is the pre-reflective awareness or implicit sense that one is the owner of an action, movement or thought.
In non-pathological experience, the SoO is tightly integrated with one's "sense of agency" (SoA).
At least three different types of bodily self-experiences can be experimentally identified as separable processes: self-identification (i.e. ownership of one's bodily sensations), self-location (i.e., the experience of self situated in a specific space), and first person-perspective (i.e., the loci of experiencing and perceiving reality).[1]
Self-identification
[edit]Evidence for self-identification of body-ownership comes from cases of Body integrity dysphoria (BID) where affected individuals feel 'alienation' or over-completeness over parts of their body,[2] and somatoparaphrenia where affected individuals' deny ownership to a part or to an entire section (i.e. unilateral neglect) of their body. Research from Dilk, M.T. (2013) show associated brain areas (with decreased activity) of the premotor cortex with non-identification of body parts (in patients who exhibit BID).[2]
Self-location
[edit]There is a large body of evidence suggesting the Temporoparietal junction (TPJ) influences body location: evidence comes from brain stimulation at the TPJ and associated out of body experiences.[3]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Braun, Niclas; Debener, Stefan; Spychala, Nadine; Bongartz, Edith; Sörös, Peter; Müller, Helge H. O.; Philipsen, Alexandra (2018). "The Senses of Agency and Ownership: A Review". Frontiers in Psychology. 9: 535. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00535. ISSN 1664-1078. PMC 5911504. PMID 29713301.
- ^ a b Dijk, Milenna T. van; Wingen, Guido A. van; Lammeren, Anouk van; Blom, Rianne M.; Kwaasteniet, Bart P. de; Scholte, H. Steven; Denys, Damiaan (2013-08-21). "Neural Basis of Limb Ownership in Individuals with Body Integrity Identity Disorder". PLOS ONE. 8 (8): e72212. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...872212V. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0072212. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3749113. PMID 23991064.
- ^ Nakul, Estelle; Lopez, Christophe (2017). "Commentary: Out-of-Body Experience during Awake Craniotomy". Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. 11: 417. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00417. ISSN 1662-5161. PMC 5566977. PMID 28871221.