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Endangered plants of Europe

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Endangered plants of Europe, the list below contains plants that dwell in or migrate to any region in Europe and any nearby islands of the Atlantic Ocean. This includes plants that are found in the East Atlantic Ocean (Azores), Iceland, the Adriatic Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Black and Caspian Sea, Corsica, Cyprus, Palearctic, Russia, Eurasia, North African Coast, the Mediterranean Sea and islands located in the Mediterranean Sea, and the islands of Spain (Canary, Balearic). As of 2007, twenty-one percent of Europe's vascular plant species (flowering plants, conifers and ferns) are classified as threatened, according to the IUCN.[1] The list below was compiled from data on the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species (IUCN) and "Earth's Endangered Creatures" (Online).[2] The International Union for Conservation of Nature,[3] identifies species in need of attention before approaching extinction and works to increase prevention of extinction. The list below includes vulnerable (VU), endangered (EN), critically endangered (CR), and recently extinct (EX) species.[3]

Antirrhinum subbaeticum.
The Barbaricina Colombine or Aquilegia barbaricina.
The Dragon Tree or Dracaena.
Heberdeniaexcelsa.
The Lonicera Ciliosa is a species of Honeysuckle.
Juniper.
The Nuragica Columbine is threatened in Spain.Aquilegia nuragica.
Rhamnus integrifolia.
Sea Marigold.

Threatened plants of Europe and their locations

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PLANT NAME STATUS[3] RANGE/REGION
Akamas Centaury (Centaurea akamantis) CR Cyprus
Allium iatrouinum CR Greece
Antirrhinum subbaeticum EN It originated from Italy but was introduced into Spain
Apid den Bermejo (Apium bermejoi) CR Spain
Arran Service-tree (Sorbus pseudofennica) CR United Kingdom
Astragalus cavanillesii CR Spain
Avon Gorge Whitebeam (Sorbus avonensis) CR United Kingdom
Azores Juniper (Juniperus brevifolia) VU Portugal (Azores)
Barbaricina Colombine (Aquilegia barbaricina) CR Italy
Berberis maderensis CR Portugal
Betula celtiberica ??? Spain (possibly Great Britain)
Betula klokovii CR Ukraine
Brimeura duvigneaudii CR Spain
Bryoxiphium madeirense EN Portugal
Buglosse Crépu (Anchusa crispa) CR France, Italy
Bully Tree (Sideroxylon marginatum) CR Cape Verde, Portugal, Spain
Bupleuro delle (Bupleurum elatum) CR Madoni Italy
Bupleuro di Marettimo (Bupleurum dianthifolium) CR Italy
Calligonum triste CR Kazakhstan
Canary Islands Juniper (Juniperus cedrus) CR Portugal (Madeira); Spain (Canary Is.)
Canary Strawberry Tree (Arbutus canariensis) ??? Spain (Canary Islands)
Canutillo del Teide (Silene nocteolens) CR Spain (Canary Is.)
Cardón de Jandía (Euphorbia handiensis) VU Spain (Canary Is.)
Carum foetidum ??? Algeria, Spain
Casey's Larkspur (Delphinium caseyi) CR Cyprus
Centranthus amazonum CR Italy (Sardegna)
Centaurea borjae EN Spain
Centranthus trinervis EN France
Cerastium sventenii EN Spain (Canary Islands)
Cheddar Whitebeam (Sorbus cheddarensis) CR United Kingdom
Cineraria (Senecio elodes) EN Spain
Conservilla Majorera (Salvia herbanica) CR Spain (Canary Is.)
Cornish Path Moss (Ditrichum cornubicum) CR United Kingdom
Cretan Zelkova (Zelkova abelicea) EN Greece
Crimean Rowan (Sorbus tauricola) CR Ukraine
Cyprus Cedar (Cedrus brevifolia) VU Cyprus
Derbyshire Feather-moss (Thamnobryum angustifolium) CR United Kingdom
Distichophyllum carinatum CR Austria, Germany and Switzerland
Dracaena draco (Canary Islands dragon tree) EN Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands)
Echinodium setigerum EN Portugal (Madeira)
Echinodium spinosum EN Portugal (Madeira) and Spain (Canary Is.)
Echium acanthocarpum CR Spain (Canary Islands)
Echium callithyrsum VU Spain (Canary Is.)
Echium gentianoides VU Spain (Canary Is.)
Echium handiense CR Spain (Canary Is.)
Echium portosanctense CR Portugal
Erysimum kykkoticum CR Cyprus
Evans's Whitebeam (Sorbus evansii) CR United Kingdom
Falsa Sanicola (Petagnaea gussonei) EN Italy
Flueggea anatolica EN Turkey
Gradsteinia torrenticola VU Spain
Gyrocaryum oppositifolium VU Spain
Harz' Mehlbeere (Sorbus harziana) CR Germany
Heberdenia excelsa VU Portugal (Madeira), Spain (Canary Islands)
Helianthemum guerrae EN Spain
Maltese Everlasting (Helichrysum melitense) CR Malta
Medicago citrina CR Spain
Hieracium lucidum CR Italy
Horstrissea dolinicola CR Greece
Jaramago de Alboran (Diplotaxis siettiana) CR Spain
Jasione mansanetiana EN Spain
Kythrean Sage (Salvia veneris) CR Cyperus
Lamyropsis microcephala CR Italy
Larkspur (Delphinium iris) CR Turkey
Ligusticum huteri CR Spain
Limonium strictissimum EN France, Italy
Lithodora nitida EN Spain
Llangollen Whitebeam (Sorbus cuneifolia) EN United Kingdom
Llanthony Whitebeam (Sorbus stenophylla) EN United Kingdom
Lonicera karataviensis CR Kazakhstan
Lunetiere de Rotges (Biscutella rotgesii) CR France
Lysimachia minoricensis EW (Extinct in the Wild) Spain
Maltase Cliff-orache EN Malta
Maltese Centaury (Cheirolophus crassifolius) CR Malta
Malus niedzwetzkyana EN Afghanistan, China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
Manzanilla de Sierra Nevada (Artemisia granatensis) EN Spain
Maura Scannell's Whitebeam (Sorbus scannelliana) CR Ireland
Meierotts Mehlbeere (Sorbus meierottii) CR Germany
Megrelian Birch (Betula megrelica) CR Georgia
Minuartia dirphya CR Greece
Moehringia fontqueri EN Spain
Morris Squill (Scilla morrisii) EN Cyprus
Myrica rivas-martinezii CR Spain (Canary Islands)
Narcissus gaditanus ??? Portugal, Spain
Narcissus lusitanicus VU Portugal, Spain
Narcissus nevadensis EN Spain
Narcissus willkommii EN Portugal
Naufraga balearica CR Spain
Nees’ Hornwort (Anthoceros neesii) CR Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Poland
No Parking Tree (Sorbus admonitor) EN United Kingdom
Nuragica Columbine (Aquilegia nuragica) CR Italy
Ochyraea tatrensis CR Slovakia
Orthotrichum handiense CR Spain (Canary Is.)
Pleiomeris canariensis CR Spain (Canary Islands)
Polygala helenae CR Greece (East Aegean Is.)
Polygala sinisica CR Italy
Pyrus anatolica ??? Turkey
Radula jonesii EN Portugal, Spain (Canary Islands)
Rhamnus integrifolia ??? Spain (Canary Islands)
Riccia atlantica CR Portugal (Madeira)
Salviablanca de Doramas (Sideritis discolor) CR Spain (Canary Is.)
Salix canariensis ??? Portugal (Madeira); Spain (Canary Is.)
Salix xanthicola VU Bulgaria, Greece
Saponaria jagelii CR Greece
Sardinian Currant (Ribes sardoum) CR Italy
Scapania sphaerifera CR Russia
Schuwerk Mehlbeere (Sorbus schuwerkiorum) CR Germany
Sea Marigold (Calendula maritima) CR Italy
Serbian Spruce (Picea omorika) EN Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ship Rock Whitebeam (Sorbus parviloba) CR United Kingdom
Shrubby Buckwheat (Atraphaxis muschketowi) EN Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Sibiraea tianschanica CR Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Sicilian Fir (Abies nebrodensis) CR Italy
Silene de Ifac (Silene hifacensis) EN Spain and Baleares
Silene marizii ??? Portugal, Spain
Silene orphanidis EN Greece
Solenanthus reverchonii CR Spain
Sorbus barrandienica CR Czechia
Sorbus busambarensis CR Italy
Sorbus cucullifera CR Austria, Czechia
Sorbus thayensis CR Austria, Czechia
Sorbus milensis CR Czechia
Sorbus moravica CR Czechia
Sorbus pauca CR Czechia
Sorbus portae-bohemicae CR Czechia
Sorbus spectans CR United Kingdom
Sorbus tobani CR Hungary
Sorbus rhodanthera CR Czechia
Spiraeanthus schrenkianus EN Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan
Star Thistle (Centaurea corensis) CR Italy
Stonecress (Aethionema retsina) CR Greece
Succisella andreae-molinae EN Spain
Teucrium balthazaris ??? Spain
Thin-Leaved Whitebeam (Sorbus leptophylla) EN United Kingdom
Troodos Rockcress (Arabis kennedyae) CR Cyprus
Twin Cliffs Whitebeam (Sorbus eminentoides) CR United Kingdom
Urartuan Milkwort (Polygala urartu) EN Armenia
White's Whitebeam (Sorbus whiteana) CR United Kingdom
Würzburger Mehlbeere (Sorbus herbipolitana) CR Germany
Yesquera Roja (Helichrysum monogynum) EN Spain (Canary Is.)
Yesquera Amarilla (Helichrysum gossypinum) VU Spain (Canary Is.)
Yorkshire Feather-moss (Thamnobryum cataractarum) CR United Kingdom
Zelkova sicula CR Italy

Conservation

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Propragation has been conducted using in vitro techniques in facilities across the country. This method of conservation is used in parts of the world to preserve plants for as long as possible. In vitro propagation has allowed material to be kept in in vitro gene banks, and this will expand with deeper developments in cryopreservation technology. An increasing number of botanic gardens now have in vitro facilities, and information on techniques is distributed between these in addition to cultures.[4]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Silva, João Pedro. "Life and Endangered Plants "Conserving Europe's threatened flora"" (PDF). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  2. ^ Glenn, C. R. ""Earth's Endangered Creatures" (Online)".
  3. ^ a b c "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN 2011.
  4. ^ Fay, Michael (1992). "Conservation of rare and endangered plants using in vitro methods". In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant. 28: 1–4. doi:10.1007/BF02632183. S2CID 43332490.