File:Academ Pythagorean tiling and Pythagorean theorem.svg

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English: In order to remember some proofs of the Pythagorean theorem with jigsaw puzzles, we can keep in mind such tilings:  see below examples of puzzle constructions associated to such tilings.

This classical tiling is created from a given right triangle: a complete covering of an Euclidean plane with an infinity of squares, the sizes of which are the leg lengths of the given triangle. On this drawing, every square element of the tiling has a slope equal to the ratio of sizes:  a / b = tan θ Thus a square pattern in dashed red is indefinitely repeated horizontally and vertically:  see   <pattern id="pg"  in the source code.  On this image, the square elements of the tiling have a ratio of sizes equal to  tan 22.5°  or its multiplicative inverse, mathematically written:
1 + √2  =  tan 67.5°  =  1 / tan 22.5°.

See a description of another image for more informations.
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 Pythagorean theorem 

   A right triangle is given, from which a periodic tiling is created, from which puzzle pieces are constructed.

On three previous images, the hypotenuses of copies of the given triangle are in dashed red.  On left, a periodic square in dashed red takes another position relative to the tiling:  its center is the one of a small tile.  And one of the puzzle pieces is square, its size is the one of a small tile.  The four other puzzle pieces have stripes. They can form together a large tile, and they are congruent, because of a rotation a quarter turn around the center of any tile that leaves unchanged the tiling and the grid in dashed red.  Therefore the area of a large tile equals four times the area of a striped piece.  In case where the initial triangle is isosceles, the midpoint of any segment in dashed red is a common vertex of four tiles with equal sizes:  ab and each striped piece is still a quarter of a tile, it is an isosceles triangle.  Whatever the shape of the initial triangle, the two assemblages of the five puzzle pieces have equal areas:
 a 2 + b 2  =  c 2   Hence  the  Pythagorean  theorem.



 Periodic tilings by squares 

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19 October 2012

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