File:Haret Hreik Before After 22 July 2006.png

Summary[edit]

Fair use in 2006 Lebanon War[edit]

Satellite photographs of the Haret Hreik neighborhood [Dahieh district] of Beirut, Lebanon, before and after (22 July 2006) the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict. North points to the left; the horizontal distance is about 1 kilometre.

This low resolution combination of photographs based on Wikipedia:Fair use

It is believed that the copyrighted satellite photography from:

• Google map of Haret Hreik — Satellite photograph of the Haret Hreik neighborhood in the Dahieh district of Beirut, Lebanon, before the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict
• DigitalGlobe photograph of Haret Hreik — Satellite photograph of the Haret Hreik neighborhood, 22 July 2006

used to create this composite image meets the criteria at Wikipedia:Fair use#Policy because:

• It illustrates the object in question (the affect of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict on Beirut)
• No free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information—there are no Wikipedians in the war zone or with camera in orbit around the earth
• It only is used on the English-language Wikipedia, hosted on servers in the United States by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation

and because it adheres to Wikipedia:Fair use policy for the following reasons (rational in italics, following quoted stated policy in regular):

1. No free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information. If unfree material can be transformed into free material, it should be done instead of using a "fair use" defense. For example, the information in a newspaper article can easily be used as a basis of an original article and then cited as a reference. Maps and diagrams can often be redrawn from original sources, though simply "tracing" copyrighted material does not make it free. Neither photographs nor sound clips, however, can usually be "transformed" in this way. However, if the subject of the photograph still exists, a free photograph could be taken.

• Always use a more free alternative if one is available. Such images can often be used more readily outside the U.S. If you see a fair use image and know of an alternative more free equivalent, please replace it, so the Wikipedia can become as free as possible. Eventually we may have a way to identify images as more restricted than GFDL on the article pages, to make the desire for a more free image more obvious.

These are satellite images. There are no free equivalents available.

2. The material should not be used in a manner that would likely replace the original market role of the original copyrighted media; our use of copyrighted material should not make it so that one no longer needs to purchase the actual product. Large copyrighted photographs from agencies that make their income selling photographs, for example, would likely not be "fair use" as it would be undermining the ability of the copyright holder to make money from their work.

These are low resolution images downsampled from the original photographs available from DigitalGlobe photograph of Haret Hreik and Google Map image of Haret Hreik. The business model of DigitalGlobe is to license the use of high resolution satellite photography; the use of a low resolution, watermarked version of one of their photographs cannot be expected in any way to negatively impact the commercial value of the high resolution, non-watermarked images that are essential to their business. The business model of Google is to provide online information displayed alongside relevant advertisements. The use of a low resolution version of one of their photographs from DigitalGlobe cannot be expected in any way to reduce the number of "eyeballs" to the Google Map site and negatively impact the commercial value of their business; in fact, more links on the web, such as on this page, enhances their business model.

3. The amount of copyrighted work used should be as little as possible. Low-resolution images should be used instead of high-resolution images (especially images that are so high-resolution that they could be used for piracy). Do not use multiple images or media clips if one will serve the purpose adequately.

Low resolution versions have been used, and the amount of copyrighted work used is as little as possible.

4. The material must have previously been published.

The material is published on the DigitalGlobe and Google websites.

5. The material must be encyclopedic and otherwise meet general Wikipedia content requirements.

The material illustrates the Haret Hreik neighborhood [Dahieh district] of Beirut, Lebanon, before and after (22 July 2006) the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, and therefore has encyclopedic value.

6. The material meets the media-specific policy requirements.

This image is believed to satisfy the Wikipedia:Fair Use policy for images in the articles 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, Targeting of civilian areas in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict, and Dahieh because:

• It illustrates the object in question (the affect of the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict on Beirut)
• No free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information—there are no Wikipedians in the war zone or with camera in orbit around the earth
• It only is used on the English-language Wikipedia, hosted on servers in the United States by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation

7. The material must be used in at least one article.

The material is used in at least one article.

8. The material must contribute significantly to the article (e.g. identify the subject of an article, or specifically illustrate relevant points or sections within the text) and must not serve a purely decorative purpose.

The material contributes significantly to the article by illustrating the impact of bombing on Beirut.

9. Fair use images should be used only in the article namespace. Used outside article space, they are often enough not covered under the fair use doctrine. They should never be used on templates (including stub templates and navigation boxes) or on user pages. They should be linked, not inlined, from talk pages when they are the topic of discussion. This is because it is the policy of the Wikimedia Foundation to allow an unfree image only if no free alternative exists and only if it significantly improves the article it is included on. All other uses, even if legal under the fair use clauses of copyright law, should be avoided to keep the use of unfree images to a minimum. Exceptions can be made on a case-by-case basis if there is a broad consensus that doing so is necessary to the goal of creating a free encyclopedia (like the templates used as part of the Main Page).

The images are used only in the article namespace.

10. The image or media description page must contain:

• Proper attribution of the source of the material, and attribution of the copyright holder (if it is different) where possible.
• An appropriate fair use tag indicating which Wikipedia policy provision permitting the use is claimed. A list of image tags can be found on the Wikipedia:Image copyright tags#Fair use page.
• For each article for which fair use is claimed, the name of the article and a "fair use rationale" as explained in Wikipedia:Image description page. The rationale must be presented in a manner that can be clearly understood and which is relevant to the article in question.

These images are from the following websites:

• Google map of Haret Hreik — Satellite photograph of the Haret Hreik neighborhood in the Dahieh district of Beirut, Lebanon, before the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict.
• DigitalGlobe photograph of Haret Hreik — Satellite photograph of the Haret Hreik neighborhood, 22 July 2006.

As a quick test, ask yourself: "Can this image be replaced by any other image, while still having the same effect?" If the answer is yes, then the image probably doesn't meet the criteria above.

These satellite images cannot be replaced by other images while still having the same effect.

Licensing[edit]

This work is copyrighted (or assumed to be copyrighted) and unlicensed. It does not fall into one of the blanket acceptable non-free content categories listed at Wikipedia:Non-free content § Images or Wikipedia:Non-free content § Audio clips, and it is not covered by a more specific non-free content license listed at Category:Wikipedia non-free file copyright templates. However, it is believed that the use of this work: To illustrate the subject in question Where no free equivalent is available or could be created that would adequately give the same information On the English-language Wikipedia, hosted on servers in the United States by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation, qualifies as fair use under United States copyright law. Any other uses of this image, on Wikipedia or elsewhere, may be copyright infringement. See Wikipedia:Non-free content and Wikipedia:Copyrights. Fair use //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haret_Hreik_Before_After_22_July_2006.png true