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English: This diagram appeared in Atlantic Convoy Instructions, a manual issued to convoy escort commanders during World War 2. Specifically, it comes from Article 120, detailing the Raspberry maneuver, which was used by British warships to defend merchant convoys from German submarine attacks. Article 120 contains seven variations of this diagram, adapted to different convoy formations. This particular diagram is for the "N.E. Eight" formation (eight escorts surrounding the convoy at a distance of 5,000 yards). This image was digitally cleaned to remove blemishes and scribbles.

ACTION BY ESCORT SEEING TORPEDOING

8. (a) Fire two white rockets or Roman Candles (if a merchant ship has not done so).

(b) Make the code word "Raspberry" by R/T to escorts and aircraft.

(c) Set depth charges to 50 feet.

(d) Act in accordance with the instructions for operation "Raspberry" given below"

ACTION BY ALL ESCORTS SEEING THE TWO WHITE ROCKET OR ROMAN CANDLE SIGNAL OR RECEIVING THE CODE WORD "RASPBERRY" BY R/T

Note 1. - Operation "Raspberry" has been designed, after trials on the Tactical Table, to sweep out an area by asdic in which the U-Boat may be forced to dive by the illuminants, whilst making as much use as possible of R.D.F. and illuminants in case the U-Boat is still on the surface.
Note 2. - The starshell arcs for escorts in the van may be adjusted if considered necessary to illuminate the area ahead of the convoy. When carrying out the operation "Raspberry" escorts should not normally fire Snowflakes.

WHEN IN N.E. EIGHT

Escort "A"

Takes no part except, when the other escorts open fire with star shell, search with star shell ahead of the convoy.

Escorts "C" and "M"

Set course at 15 knots for the rear edge of the convoy.
On arrival abreast the rear of the convoy, sweep back into station, searching with star shell on your bow of the convoy.

Escorts "F" and "P"

Set course at 15 knots for the rear edge of the convoy.
Continue on this course until abreast the rear edge of the convoy. Then alter course at right angles to the convoy's course, and sweep outwards for 10 minutes, searching with star shell from the beam to ahead of the convoy.
After this 10 minutes, alter course back to the original position in which you were when the attack took place.
Then sweep back into station on the convoy.

Escorts "H" and "R"

Set course at 15 knots for the centre of the convoy.
After 10 minutes, turn back to a reciprocal course to the convoy and sweep astern for 10 minutes and carry out star shell search from the beam to astern of the convoy on your own side.
Then alter course back to the original position in which you were when the attack took place.
Then sweep back into station on the convoy.

Escort "S"

Close the centre of the convoy at 15 knots for 10 minutes and then sweep across the stern of the convoy, maintaining its speed of advance.
After 30 minutes, sweep back to your original position.
Date
Source Atlantic Convoy Instructions
Author British Royal Navy

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