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Green500

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The Green500 is a biannual ranking of supercomputers, from the TOP500 list of supercomputers, in terms of energy efficiency.[1][2] The list measures performance per watt using the TOP500 measure of high performance LINPACK benchmarks at double-precision floating-point format.

In 2022, Hewlett Packard Enterprise took the lead (then later in Nov. 2022 Lenovo took the lead, though with a much smaller Nvidia based system), with AMD-based systems (AMD CPUs and AMD GPUs) in the 4 top positions, with the top position over 50% more efficient than the previous year (Japanese) top position. And number two on the list (the current fastest on TOP500) is also over 50% more efficient than the currently most efficient (and much smaller) Nvidia-based system. No large Nvidia-based system make the top 10 positions of Graph500 (smaller ones in 7th to 10th, nor any longer any (small or large) ARM-based (Fugaku was at the top of the list in June 2021).

History

[edit]

As of November 2012, an Appro International, Inc. Xtreme-X supercomputer (Beacon) topped the Green500 list with 2.499 LINPACK GFLOPS/W.[3] Beacon is deployed by NICS of the University of Tennessee and is a GreenBlade GB824M, Xeon E5-2670 based, eight cores (8C), 2.6 GHz, Infiniband FDR, Intel Xeon Phi 5110P computer.[4]

As of June 2013, the Eurotech supercomputer Eurora at Cineca topped the Green500 list with 3.208 LINPACK GFLOPS/W.[5] The Cineca Eurora supercomputer is equipped with two Intel Xeon E5-2687W CPUs and two PCI-e connected NVIDIA Tesla K20 accelerators per node. Water cooling and electronics design allows for very high densities to be reached with a peak performance of 350 TFLOPS per rack.[6]

As of November 2014, the L-CSC supercomputer of the Helmholtz Association at the GSI in Darmstadt Germany topped the Green500 list with 5.271 GFLOPS/W and was the first cluster to surpass an efficiency of 5 GFLOPS/W. It runs on Intel Xeon E5-2690 Processors with the Intel Ivy Bridge Architecture and AMD FirePro S9150 GPU Accelerators. It uses in rack watercooling and Cooling Towers to reduce the energy required for cooling.[7]

As of August 2015, the Shoubu supercomputer of RIKEN outside Tokyo Japan topped the Green500 list with 7.032 GFLOPS/W. The then-top three supercomputers of the list used PEZY-SC accelerators (GPU-like that use OpenCL)[8] by PEZY Computing with 1,024 cores each and 6–7 GFLOPS/W efficiency.[9][10]

As of June 2019, DGX SaturnV Volta, using "NVIDIA DGX-1 Volta36, Xeon E5-2698v4 20C 2.2GHz, Infiniband EDR, NVIDIA Tesla V100", tops Green500 list with 15.113 GFLOPS/W, while ranked only 469th on Top500.[11] It is only slightly more efficient than the much larger Summit (which ranked 2nd while 1st on Top500 with 14.719 GFLOPS/W), using IBM POWER9 CPUs combined with Nvidia Tesla V100 GPUs.

Green 500 List

[edit]
Top 10 positions of GREEN500 in June 2024[12]
Rank Performance
per watt
(GFLOPS/watt)
Name Model
Processors, GPU, Interconnect
Vendor Site
Country, year
Rmax
(PFLOPS)
1 72.733 JEDI BullSequana XH3000
Grace Hopper Superchip (72C) 3GHz, Nvidia GH200 Superchip, Quad-Rail NVIDIA, InfiniBand NDR200,
ParTec[13]/EVIDEN (ex-Atos) EuroHPC/FZJ,
  Germany, 2024
4.50
2 68.835 Isambard-AI phase 1 HPE Cray EX254n
NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Slingshot-11
Hewlett Packard Enterprise University of Bristol,
  United Kingdom, 2024
7.42
3 66.948 Helios GPU HPE Cray EX254n
NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Slingshot-11
Hewlett Packard Enterprise Cyfronet,
  Poland, 2024
19.14
4 65.396 Henri Lenovo ThinkSystem SR670 V2
Intel Xeon Platinum 8362 2.8 GHz (32C), Nvidia H100 80 GB PCIe, InfiniBand HDR
Lenovo Flatiron Institute,
  United States, 2022
2.88
5 64.381 preAlps HPE Cray EX254n
NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Slingshot-11
Hewlett Packard Enterprise Swiss National Supercomputing Centre (CSCS),
   Switzerland, 2024
15.47
6 62.964 HoreKa-Teal ThinkSystem SD665-N V3
AMD EPYC 9354 32C 3.25GHz, Nvidia H100 94Gb SXM5, Infiniband NDR200
Lenovo Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT),
  Germany, 2024
3.12
7 62.684 Frontier TDS HPE Cray EX235a
AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2 GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11
Hewlett Packard Enterprise OE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
  United States, 2022
19.20
8 59.287 Venado HPE Cray EX254n
NVIDIA Grace 72C 3.1GHz, NVIDIA GH200 Superchip, Slingshot-11
Hewlett Packard Enterprise DOE/NNSA/LANL,
  United States, 2024
98.51
9 58.021 Adastra HPE Cray EX235a
AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2 GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11
Hewlett Packard Enterprise Grand Equipement National de Calcul Intensif - Centre Informatique National de l'Enseignement Superieur (GENCI-CINES),
  France, 2022
46.10
10 56.983 Setonix – GPU HPE Cray EX235a
AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2 GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11
Hewlett Packard Enterprise Pawsey Supercomputing Centre,
  Australia, 2022
27.16

Historical development

[edit]
Energy efficiency of top-ranked computers (gigaflops/watt)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "The Green500". Archived from the original on 2016-06-20.
  2. ^ "Green 500 list ranks supercomputers". iTnews Australia. Archived from the original on 2008-10-22.
  3. ^ "University of Tennessee Supercomputer Sets World Record for Energy Efficiency". National Institute for Computational Sciences News. University of Tennessee & Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  4. ^ "Beacon - Appro GreenBlade - Green500 list". top500.org. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  5. ^ "Eurotech Eurora, the PRACE prototype deployed by Cineca and INFN, scores first in Green500 list". Cineca. Archived from the original on 13 July 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  6. ^ "Eurora - Aurora Tigon - Top500 list". top500.org. Retrieved 28 June 2013.
  7. ^ "The Green500 List - November 2014". Archived from the original on 2015-02-22.
  8. ^ Hindriksen, Vincent (2015-08-02). "The knowns and unknowns of the PEZY-SC accelerator at RIKEN". StreamHPC. Retrieved 2019-10-21.
  9. ^ Tiffany, Tiffany (August 4, 2015). "Japan Takes Top Three Spots on Green500 List". HPCWire. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  10. ^ "PEZY & ExaScaler Step Up on the Green500 List with Immersive Cooling". InsideHPC. September 23, 2015. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  11. ^ "June 2019 | TOP500 Supercomputer Sites". www.top500.org. Retrieved 2019-08-12.
  12. ^ "JUNE 2024". www.top500.org. Retrieved 2024-06-03.
  13. ^ "Pioneers in purpose-built supercomputer solutions". ParTec. Retrieved 2024-06-05.