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Kamakã language

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Kamakã
Ezeshio
Native toBrazil
RegionBahia
Extinctfirst half 20th century
Dialects
  • Kamakã
  • Kotoxó
  • Mongoyó/Mangaló
Language codes
ISO 639-3vkm
Glottologkama1372  Kamakan

The Kamakã language (Kamakan), or Ezeshio, is an extinct language of a small family, belonging to the Macro-Jê languages of Brazil.[1] Kotoxó and Mongoyó/Mangaló are sometimes included as dialects.

Phonology

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Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i ĩ ɨ ɨ̃ u ũ
Close-mid e ə o õ
Open-mid ɛ ɔ
Open a ã
  • /ə/ can also be realized as a back vowel sound [ʌ].
Consonants
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop p t k
Fricative f s ʃ x h
Nasal m n ɲ
Flap ɾ
Glide j w
  • /ɾ/ can be in free variation with a fricative [ʒ] and a lateral [l].
  • /n/ is heard as [ŋ] when preceding /k/.[2]

Classification

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Kamakã is a Macro-Jê language. It was spoken by several groups of indigenous peoples who lived in Bahia, including the Kamakã, Mongoyó, Menién, Kotoxó and Masakará.[3]

References

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  1. ^ Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília.
  2. ^ Grahl, João A. P. (2009). Kamakã em Prolog: Possibilidades de análise de uma língua de tradição oral morta. Universidade Federal do Paraná.
  3. ^ Rivail Ribeiro et van der Voort 2010, p. 547.

Sources

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  • Eduardo Rivail Ribeiro, Hein van der Voort, Nimuendajú Was Right : The Inclusion of the Jabuti Language Family in the Macro-Jê Stock, International Journal of American Linguistics, 76:4, pp. 517-570, 2010.