K311 cargo truck

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K311 cargo truck
Philippine Army KM450
Type1 1/4–ton cargo truck
Place of originSouth Korea
Service history
In serviceK311: 1980–present
K311A1: 2003–present
Used bySee Operators
WarsIraq War
Moro conflict
Mali War
Russo-Ukrainian War
2023 Nigerien coup d'état
2023 Nigerien crisis
Production history
Designed1980
ManufacturerAsia Motors (1980–1999)
Kia Motors (1999–present)
MIC Sudan
Bogdan Corporation (2015–2021)
Wad Youngsan Industries (2016–present)
Unit cost60 million KRW (2016)[1]
ProducedK311 (1980–2003)
K311A1 (2003–present)
Specifications
Mass3,150 kg (curb)
Length5.46 m
Width2.18 m
Height2.45 m
Crew2 + 12 passengers
EngineK311: Kia/Mazda ZB 6-cylinder water-cooled diesel engine 115 hp
K311A1: Hyundai/Mitsubishi Fuso D4DA in-line 4-cylinder diesel engine 130 hp @ 2,900 rpm
KM450: Hyundai/Mitsubishi Fuso D4DA/D4DD in-line 4-cylinder diesel engine 130/139 hp @ 2,900 rpm
Payload capacityK311: 1,150 kg
K311A1: 1,530 kg (paved) or 1,330 kg (unpaved)
KM450: 2,500 kg (paved)
Transmission5-speed manual & 2-speed part time transfer case
Ground clearancelongitudinal slope: 60 %
lateral slope: 30 %
ground clearance: 0.254 m
fording: 0.76 m
Operational
range
K311: 450 km
K311A1: 700 km
KM450: 750 km
Maximum speed K311: 96 km/h
K311A1: 100 km/h
KM450: 104 km/h
ReferencesKia Corp[2][3][4]
K311A1 is the specification from 2003, and KM450 is an updated specification from unknown year.

The K311 is a 4x4 multipurpose 1 1/4–ton class cargo truck developed for the Republic of Korea Armed Forces, and was introduced in 1980. It is commonly known as 4-5 (5/4) ton (4-5 톤) or military Dodge (군용 닷지), because it replaced and had similar appearance with Dodge M37. It is a modernized version of the American Kaiser Jeep M715 truck, which was also designed with an intention to replace the M37 truck.[note 1] The truck was produced by Asia Motors until Hyundai merged the company with Kia Motors in 1999.[note 2][5][6] The KM450 is an export name designated by Kia Motors, and the name is used widely outside of South Korea for both old and new variants.

General Characteristics[edit]

K311A1[edit]

In June 2000, Kia Motors signed a deal with Turkish company, and began product improvement program (PIP) on K131, K311, and K511 series. The export plan was cancelled due to 2001 Turkish economic crisis; nonetheless, Kia Motors, which has already spent a lot of money, decided that it could not stop the project, and invested a total of 10.43 billion KRW to finish the program by April 2003.[7]

The easiest way to distinguish K311 and K311A1 is by checking the number of front windshield (two pieces in K311 vs one piece in K311A1) and the number of wipers (two in K311 vs three in K311A1).

K311A2[edit]

The K311A2 is a second upgrade variant of the K311 first revealed at DX Korea 2018. It has a hardtop roof on driving section, air conditioner, and navigation system as a default.[8] The vehicle is unlikely to be adopted by South Korea as K311s are being replaced with K151 series.

Variants[edit]

Philippine Army KM451 Ambulance
  • K311 (KM450) Cargo Truck: Introduced in 1980.[6][9]
    • K311A1 (KM450) Cargo Truck: Upgraded variant. Introduced in 2003.[6][9]
    • K311A1 (KM450) Chassis[10]
    • K311A1 (KM454) Shelter Cargo
  • K312 (KM451) Ambulance: Introduced in 1982. All were converted to K311 cargo truck after replacing with K312A1 by 2014, 5 years ahead the schedule.[11][9]
    • K312A1 (KM451) Ambulance: Upgraded variant. Introduced in 2005. It has an air conditioning system, 22 additional kits, and other life support items.[11][9][12][13]
  • K313 (KM452) Shop Van: Introduced in 1985.[14][9]
    • K313A1 (KM452) Shop Van: Upgraded variant. Introduced in 2007.[14][9]
  • K314 Communication Equipment Installation Vehicle[15]
  • K315 Cipher Vehicle[15]
  • K316 (KM453) NBC Reconnaissance: Introduced in 1996.[9][16]
  • K317 Biological Reconnaissance: Introduced in 2002. Developed to prepare for possible biological terrorism during the 2002 FIFA World Cup.[9][17]
  • K319 Bulletproof Truck: Introduced in 2004. Developed for use by the Zaytun Division during the Iraq War.[9][18]

Other variations with unknown/no given model number[19]

  • 1¼ ton Cargo Truck - RHD
  • Artillery Commanding Vehicle
  • Cargo Truck - Generator
  • Communication Shelter Mounted Vehicle
  • Electronic Weather Monitor Mounted Vehicle
  • Field Catering Truck
  • Military Caravan
  • Smoke Generator Mounted Vehicle
Daewoo K4 automatic grenade launcher mounted on the K311

List of guns or other systems mounted on the truck

Foreign variants

Ukrainian Bogdan Bars-6 built on KM450 chassis
  • Sudan SarSar-1: Sudanese armored reconnaissance vehicle based on the KM450 chassis.[23]
  • Sudan SarSar-2: Sudanese armored reconnaissance vehicle based on the KM450 chassis.[24][23]
  • Ukraine Bogdan Bars-6: Ukrainian armored utility vehicle based on KM450 chassis.

Operators[edit]

 Benin

  • Operated since 2018.[25]

 Botswana

  • Received KM450 in 2018.[26]

 Brunei

  • Received KM450 in 2018.[27]

 Cambodia

  • South Korea donated 50 K311s in 2012.[28] Another batch of unspecified number of K311s was donated in 2017.[29][30]

 Central African Republic[31]

 Chile

 Colombia

 Mali

  • Local assembly by Korean-Malian joint company Wad Youngsan Industries S.A. in Banankoro since 2016.[34]

 Mongolia

  • South Korea donated 13 K311s in 2012 along with other equipment to support Mongolian UN PKO missions in Afghanistan and Sudan.[35][36][37]

 Niger

  • Operated since at least 2019.[38] Acquired 100 vehicles in July 2022.[39] Acquired 100 vehicles in January 2023.[40][41] Purchased 100 vehicles for Nigerien special forces in March 2023.[42]

 Philippines: Received 1,368 KM450s, 120 KM451s, 157 K311s, and unknown number of KM452s.

  • 651 KM450s purchased in 2007.[43] South Korea donated 157 K311s in 2010.[44] 60 KM451s purchased in 2012.[45][46] 717 KM450s purchased in 2015.[47][48] 60 KM451s were added in 2016.[49] Some retired K311s were offered to civilian market.

 Saudi Arabia[50][better source needed]

 South Korea

  • Operates more than 10,000 vehicles as of 2016.[1]

 South Sudan

 Sudan

  • Local production by the Military Industry Corporation (MIC) of Sudan.[1]

 Thailand

 Ukraine

  • The KM450 chassis was used for manufacturing Bogdan Bars-6 armored vehicle since 2015. In 2021, the chassis was selected to replace R-125 KshM, which is a command vehicle variant based on the UAZ-3151. It was produced by Bogdan Motors to supply to Telekart-Prylad for installing K-1450-06 KshM on the truck. However, Bogdan Motors filed bankruptcy in same year. 20 chassis were purchased at the auction by the charity created by Serhiy Prytula, and were donated for military use.[52][53][54][55][56]

Non-state operators[edit]

Coordination of Azawad Movements

  • Captured from Mali.[57]

Islamic State Islamic State in the Greater Sahara (ISGS)

  • Captured from Mali.[58]

Islamic State Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM)

  • All vehicles were captured from Malian military inventory. The first 5 vehicles were captured in January 2018,[59] and these vehicles were used for attacks on Malian military that lead to additional capture or destruction of Malian owned vehicles.[60][61][62]

Wagner Group

  • Provided by Mali.

Houthi

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ It is unclear what kind of contracts were made due to lack of sources. There is a possibility that the U.S. government provided the blueprint for free to South Korea to keep the supplies manufactured, similar way the U.S. did to other military gears that are no longer produced in the U.S. but used by South Korea.
  2. ^ Both Asia Motors and Kia Motors were owned by Hyundai in 1998.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e "[양욱의 Wide & Wise 군사] 우리 군의 발, 이대로 좋은가? 80년대 트럭에서 벗어나려는 한국군". it.chosun.com (in Korean). 2016-08-20. Retrieved 2023-08-30.
  2. ^ "K311A1 카고│기아 특수차량 사이트". special.kia.com. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
  3. ^ "K311A1 Catalogue" (PDF). Kia Special Vehicles.
  4. ^ "KM450 Catalogue" (PDF). Kia Special Vehicles.
  5. ^ 군토나, 닷지, 두돈반! 전술차량 변신은 무죄! K무기 탑기어★리얼웨폰104-순삭밀톡, retrieved 2023-08-27
  6. ^ a b c "K311A1 Cargo Truck│기아 특수차량 사이트". special.kia.com. Retrieved 2023-08-27.
  7. ^ "기아차 - 국방부 군용트럭 분쟁". Naver News (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-08-29.
  8. ^ "기아자동차, DX KOREA 2018 방산전시회 참가". 현대자동차그룹 (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-08-28.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Kia Special Vehicles Development History│기아 특수차량 사이트". special.kia.com. Retrieved 2023-08-30.
  10. ^ "K311A1 샤시/쉘터카고│기아 특수차량 사이트". special.kia.com. Retrieved 2023-08-30.
  11. ^ a b "K312A1 Ambulance│기아 특수차량 사이트". special.kia.com. Retrieved 2023-08-30.
  12. ^ "군용 구급차 세대교체..구형 구급차 조기도태 유도". 헤럴드경제 (in Korean). 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2023-08-30.
  13. ^ "軍구급차 새차 뽑는다". Aju Business Daily (in Korean). 2012-01-18. Retrieved 2023-08-30.
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  15. ^ a b "[운전면허] 한미자동차운전면허학원". www.hanmidrive.com (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-09-08.
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  17. ^ "생물학정찰차 국내기술로 개발". Naver News (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-08-30.
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  19. ^ "Kia Corporation's special vehicle website". special.kia.com. Retrieved 2023-09-08.
  20. ^ "Camiones, Utilitarios y MRAPs del Ejército de Colombia - Página 158". América Militar: información sobre defensa, seguridad y geopolítica (in European Spanish). 2022-01-15. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
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  34. ^ "아프리카 말리 수출되는 '기아 KM 450트럭' 아시나요". 글로벌이코노믹 (in Korean). 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
  35. ^ 김, 수한 (2012-05-21). "우리 군, 몽골군에 군수품 준다". 헤럴드경제 (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-08-30.
  36. ^ 김, 수한 (2012-11-07). "국방부, 몽골군에 안쓰는 군용품 준다". 헤럴드경제 (in Korean). Retrieved 2023-08-30.
  37. ^ "징기스칸의 후예, 한국군 장비 물려 받는다". 뉴데일리 (in Korean). 2012-05-21. Retrieved 2023-09-09.
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  42. ^ "Nigér special forces fielding Bulgarian made AR-M52T assault rifles". Military Africa. 2023-03-30. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
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