Labial–retroflex consonant

Labial–retroflex consonants are doubly articulated consonants that are co-articulated at the lips and the front part or underside of the tongue against the palate. They are only attested in Yele, an unclassified language of Rossel Island, Papua New Guinea.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Types

Several labial–retroflex consonants are attested in Yele: a voiceless plosive /ʈ͡p/, a nasal /ɳ͡m/, prenasalized /ɳ͡mɖ͡b/ (also analyzed as /ɳ͡mʈ͡p/ but phonetically voiced), and postnasalized /ʈ͡pɳ͡m/, all or most of which may also occur palatalized: /ʈ͡pʲ/, /ɳ͡mʲ/, /ʈ͡pɳ͡mʲ/ and possibly /ɳ͡mɖ͡bʲ/.^[1]^[2]^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b Levinson, Stephen C. (23 May 2022). A Grammar of Yélî Dnye: The Papuan Language of Rossel Island. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110733853. ISBN 978-3-11-073385-3. S2CID 249083265. Retrieved 16 January 2023.
^ ^a ^b https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/160609178.pdf
^ ^a ^b Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.

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[:0-1] Levinson, Stephen C. (23 May 2022). A Grammar of Yélî Dnye: The Papuan Language of Rossel Island. De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110733853. ISBN 978-3-11-073385-3. S2CID 249083265. Retrieved 16 January 2023.

[:1-2] ttps://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/160609178.pdf

[:2-3] Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19815-6.

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