Leptodactylus

Leptodactylus
	Leptodactylus albilabris
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Order:	Anura
Family:	Leptodactylidae
Subfamily:	Leptodactylinae
Genus:	Leptodactylus; Fitzinger, 1826
Species
	Many—see text

Leptodactylus is a genus of leptodactylid frogs.^[1] It includes the species commonly called ditch frogs or white-lipped frogs.^[2] It is very similar to Physalaemus, a close relative, and indeed the 2005 described Leptodactylus lauramiriamae is in some aspects intermediate between them.^[3]

Etymology

The name means ‘slender finger’, from leptos (‘thin, delicate’) and the Greek daktylos (δάκτυλος, ‘finger, toe’).^[4]

Taxonomy

The genus Leptodactylus's sister taxon is the genus Hydrolaetare.^[5]

The genus is composed of 4 species groups.^[6] However, 3 species have not been assigned to a species group (L. hylodes, L. lauramiriamae, L. ochraceus).^[5]


Species Group	Species included	Image
Leptodactylus fuscus group	L. apepyta,^[7] L. barrioi, L. albilabris, L. bufonius, L. caatingae, L. camaquara, L. cunicularius, L. cupreus, L. didymus, L. elenae, L. fragilis, L. furnarius, L. fuscus, L. gracilis, L. jolyi, L. kilombo, L. labrosus, L. laticeps, L. latinasus, L. longirostris, L. marambaiae, L. mystaceus, L. mystacinus, L. notoaktites, L. oreomantis, L. plaumanni, L. poecilochilus, L. sertanejo, L. spixi, L. syphax, L. tapiti, L. troglodytes, L. ventrimaculatus, L. watu^[5]^[8]	L. fuscus (whistling grass frog)
Leptodactylus melanonotus group	L. brevipes, L. colombiensis, L. discodactylus, L. diedrus, L. fremitus, L. grisegularis, L. intermedius, L. leptodactyloides, L. magistris, L. melanonotus, L. natalensis, L. nesiotus, L. pascoensis, L. petersii, L. podicipinus, L. pustulatus, L. riveroi, L. sabanensis, L. validus, L. wagneri^[9]^[6]^[10]^[11]	L. melanonotus (Sabinal frog)
Leptodactylus latrans group	L. bolivianus, L. guianensis, L. insularum, L. latrans, L. luctator, L. macrosternum, L. paranaru, L. payaya, L. silvanimbus, L. viridis^[6]	L. latrans (butter frog)
Leptodactylus pentadactylus group	L. fallax, L. flavopictus, L. knudseni, L. labyrinthicus, L. laticeps, L. lithonaetes, L. myersi, L. paraensis, L. pentadactylus, L. peritoaktites, L. rhodomerus, L. rhodomystax, L. rhodonotus, L. rugosus, L. savagei, L. stenodema, L. turimiquensis, L. vastus^[12]^[6]^[5]	L. pentadactylus (smoky jungle frog)

Species

There are 84 species in this genus:^[1]

Leptodactylus albilabris (Günther, 1859) – Hispaniolan ditch frog
Leptodactylus apepyta Schneider, Cardozo, Brusquetti, Kolenc, Borteiro, Haddad, Basso, and Baldo, 2019
Leptodactylus avivoca Carvalho, Seger, Magalhães, Lourenço, and Haddad, 2021
Leptodactylus barrioi Alves da Silva, Magalhães, Thomassen, Leite, Garda, Brandão, Haddad, Giaretta, and Carvalho, 2020
Leptodactylus bolivianus Boulenger, 1898
Leptodactylus brevipes Cope, 1887
Leptodactylus bufonius Boulenger, 1894
Leptodactylus caatingae Heyer and Juncá, 2003
Leptodactylus camaquara Sazima and Bokermann, 1978
Leptodactylus colombiensis Heyer, 1994
Leptodactylus cunicularius Sazima and Bokermann, 1978
Leptodactylus cupreus Caramaschi, Feio, and São Pedro, 2008
Leptodactylus didymus Heyer, García-Lopez, and Cardoso, 1996
Leptodactylus diedrus Heyer, 1994
Leptodactylus discodactylus Boulenger, 1884
Leptodactylus elenae Heyer, 1978
Leptodactylus fallax Müller, 1926 – giant ditch frog, mountain chicken
Leptodactylus flavopictus Lutz, 1926
Leptodactylus fragilis (Brocchi, 1877) – Mexican white-lipped frog
Leptodactylus fremitus Carvalho, Fouquet, Lyra, Giaretta, Costa-Campos, Rodrigues, Haddad, and Ron, 2022
Leptodactylus furnarius Sazima and Bokermann, 1978
Leptodactylus fuscus (Schneider, 1799)
Leptodactylus gracilis (Duméril and Bibron, 1840)
Leptodactylus griseigularis (Henle, 1981)
Leptodactylus guianensis Heyer and de Sá, 2011
Leptodactylus hylodes (Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862)
Leptodactylus insularum Barbour, 1906
Leptodactylus intermedius Lutz, 1930
Leptodactylus jolyi Sazima and Bokermann, 1978
Leptodactylus kilombo Alves da Silva, Magalhães, Thomassen, Leite, Garda, Brandão, Haddad, Giaretta, and Carvalho, 2020
Leptodactylus knudseni Heyer, 1972
Leptodactylus labrosus Jiménez de la Espada, 1875
Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824)
Leptodactylus laticeps Boulenger, 1918
Leptodactylus latinasus Jiménez de la Espada, 1875 – Urnero
Leptodactylus latrans (Steffen, 1815)
Leptodactylus lauramiriamae Heyer and Crombie, 2005
Leptodactylus leptodactyloides (Andersson, 1945)
Leptodactylus lithonaetes Heyer, 1995
Leptodactylus longirostris Boulenger, 1882
Leptodactylus luctator (Hudson, 1892)
Leptodactylus macrosternum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926
Leptodactylus magistris Mijares-Urrutia, 1997
Leptodactylus marambaiae Izecksohn, 1976
Leptodactylus melanonotus (Hallowell, 1861)
Leptodactylus myersi Heyer, 1995
Leptodactylus mystaceus (Spix, 1824)
Leptodactylus mystacinus (Burmeister, 1861)
Leptodactylus natalensis Lutz, 1930
Leptodactylus nesiotus Heyer, 1994
Leptodactylus notoaktites Heyer, 1978
Leptodactylus oreomantis Carvalho, Leite, and Pezzuti, 2013
Leptodactylus paraensis Heyer, 2005
Leptodactylus paranaru Magalhães, Lyra, Carvalho, Baldo, Brusquetti, Burella, Colli, Gehara, Giaretta, Haddad, Langone, López, Napoli, Santana, de Sá, and Garda, 2020
Leptodactylus pascoensis Heyer, 1994
Leptodactylus payaya Magalhães, Lyra, Carvalho, Baldo, Brusquetti, Burella, Colli, Gehara, Giaretta, Haddad, Langone, López, Napoli, Santana, de Sá, and Garda, 2020
Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti, 1768) – smoky jungle frog
Leptodactylus peritoaktites Heyer, 2005
Leptodactylus petersii (Steindachner, 1864)
Leptodactylus plaumanni Ahl, 1936
Leptodactylus podicipinus (Cope, 1862)
Leptodactylus poecilochilus (Cope, 1862)
Leptodactylus pustulatus (Peters, 1870)
Leptodactylus rhodomerus Heyer, 2005
Leptodactylus rhodomystax Boulenger, 1884
Leptodactylus rhodonotus (Günther, 1869)
Leptodactylus riveroi Heyer and Pyburn, 1983
Leptodactylus rugosus Noble, 1923
Leptodactylus sabanensis Heyer, 1994
Leptodactylus savagei Heyer, 2005
Leptodactylus sertanejo Giaretta and Costa, 2007
Leptodactylus silvanimbus McCranie, Wilson, and Porras, 1980
Leptodactylus spixi Heyer, 1983
Leptodactylus stenodema Jiménez de la Espada, 1875
Leptodactylus syphax Bokermann, 1969
Leptodactylus tapiti Sazima and Bokermann, 1978
Leptodactylus troglodytes Lutz, 1926
Leptodactylus turimiquensis Heyer, 2005
Leptodactylus validus Garman, 1888 – windward ditch frog
Leptodactylus vastus Lutz, 1930
Leptodactylus ventrimaculatus Boulenger, 1902
Leptodactylus viridis Jim and Spirandeli Cruz, 1973
Leptodactylus wagneri (Peters, 1862)
Leptodactylus watu Alves da Silva, Magalhães, Thomassen, Leite, Garda, Brandão, Haddad, Giaretta, and Carvalho, 2020

Footnotes

^ ^a ^b Frost, Darrel R. (2023). "Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826". Amphibian Species of the World 6.1, an Online Reference. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
^ "Leptodactylus fragilis". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
^ Heyer & Crombie (2005)
^ Dodd, C. Kenneth (2013). Frogs of the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4214-0633-6.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Sá, Rafael O. de; Grant, Taran; Camargo, Arley; Heyer, W. Ronald; Ponssa, Maria L.; Stanley, Edward (September 2014). "Systematics of the Neotropical Genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Phylogeny, the Relevance of Non-molecular Evidence, and Species Accounts". South American Journal of Herpetology. 9 (s1): S1–S100. doi:10.2994/SAJH-D-13-00022.1. hdl:11336/12350. ISSN 1808-9798.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Magalhães, Felipe de M.; Lyra, Mariana L.; de Carvalho, Thiago R.; Baldo, Diego; Brusquetti, Francisco; Burella, Pamela; Colli, Guarino R.; Gehara, Marcelo C.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Haddad, Célio F.B.; Langone, José A.; López, Javier A.; Napoli, Marcelo F.; Santana, Diego J.; de Sá, Rafael O. (2020-12-11). "Taxonomic Review of South American Butter Frogs: Phylogeny, Geographic Patterns, and Species Delimitation in the Leptodactylus latrans Species Group (Anura: Leptodactylidae)". Herpetological Monographs. 34 (1). doi:10.1655/0733-1347-31.4.131. ISSN 0733-1347.
^ Schneider, Rosio G.; Cardozo, Dario E.; Brusquetti, Francisco; Kolenc, Francisco; Borteiro, Claudio; Haddad, Célio; Basso, Nestor G.; Baldo, Diego (2019-10-11). "A new frog of the Leptodactylus fuscus species group (Anura: Leptodactylidae), endemic from the South American Gran Chaco". PeerJ. 7: e7869. doi:10.7717/peerj.7869. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6791353. PMID 31616603.
^ Da Silva, Leandro A.; MagalhãEs, Felipe M.; Thomassen, Hans; Leite, Felipe S. F.; Garda, Adrian A.; BrandãO, Reuber A.; Haddad, CéLio F. B.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; De Carvalho, Thiago R. (2020-05-19). "Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species". Zootaxa. 4779 (2). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4779.2.1. ISSN 1175-5334.
^ Heyer, W. Ronald (1969). "The Adaptive Ecology of the Species Groups of the Genus Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae)". Evolution. 23 (3): 421–428. doi:10.2307/2406697. ISSN 0014-3820. JSTOR 2406697. PMID 28562917.
^ Gazoni, Thiago; Lyra, Mariana L.; Ron, Santiago R.; Strüssmann, Christine; Baldo, Diego; Narimatsu, Hideki; Pansonato, André; Schneider, Rosío G.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Haddad, Célio F. B.; Parise-Maltempi, Patricia P.; Carvalho, Thiago R. (2021-01-01). "Revisiting the systematics of the Leptodactylus melanonotus group (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Redescription of L. petersii and revalidation of its junior synonyms". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 290: 117–134. Bibcode:2021ZooAn.290..117G. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2020.12.002. ISSN 0044-5231.
^ Carvalho, Thiago R.; Fouquet, Antoine; Lyra, Mariana L.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Costa-Campos, C. Eduardo; Rodrigues, Miguel T.; Haddad, Célio F. B.; Ron, Santiago R. (2022-12-31). "Species diversity and systematics of the Leptodactylus melanonotus group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): review of diagnostic traits and a new species from the Eastern Guiana Shield". Systematics and Biodiversity. 20 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1080/14772000.2022.2089269. ISSN 1477-2000.
^ Heyer, W. Ronald (2005-11-30). "Variation and taxonomic clarification of the large species of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus species group (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from Middle America, Northern South America, and Amazonia". Arquivos de Zoologia (in Portuguese). 37 (3): 269–348. doi:10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v37i3p269-348. ISSN 2176-7793.

References

Heyer, W. Ronald & Crombie, Ronald I. (2005): Leptodactylus lauramiriamae, a distinctive new species of frog (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Rondônia, Brazil. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 118(3): 590–595. DOI: 10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[590:LLADNS]2.0.CO;2 HTML abstract

External links

Data related to Leptodactylus at Wikispecies
Media related to Leptodactylus at Wikimedia Commons

[frost-1] Frost, Darrel R. (2023). "Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826". Amphibian Species of the World 6.1, an Online Reference. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 19 January 2023.

[2] "Leptodactylus fragilis". AmphibiaWeb. Retrieved 2012-06-08.

[3] Heyer & Crombie (2005)

[4] Dodd, C. Kenneth (2013). Frogs of the United States and Canada. Vol. 1. The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 20. ISBN 978-1-4214-0633-6.

[:0-5] Sá, Rafael O. de; Grant, Taran; Camargo, Arley; Heyer, W. Ronald; Ponssa, Maria L.; Stanley, Edward (September 2014). "Systematics of the Neotropical Genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1826 (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Phylogeny, the Relevance of Non-molecular Evidence, and Species Accounts". South American Journal of Herpetology. 9 (s1): S1–S100. doi:10.2994/SAJH-D-13-00022.1. hdl:11336/12350. ISSN 1808-9798.

[:1-6] Magalhães, Felipe de M.; Lyra, Mariana L.; de Carvalho, Thiago R.; Baldo, Diego; Brusquetti, Francisco; Burella, Pamela; Colli, Guarino R.; Gehara, Marcelo C.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Haddad, Célio F.B.; Langone, José A.; López, Javier A.; Napoli, Marcelo F.; Santana, Diego J.; de Sá, Rafael O. (2020-12-11). "Taxonomic Review of South American Butter Frogs: Phylogeny, Geographic Patterns, and Species Delimitation in the Leptodactylus latrans Species Group (Anura: Leptodactylidae)". Herpetological Monographs. 34 (1). doi:10.1655/0733-1347-31.4.131. ISSN 0733-1347.

[7] Schneider, Rosio G.; Cardozo, Dario E.; Brusquetti, Francisco; Kolenc, Francisco; Borteiro, Claudio; Haddad, Célio; Basso, Nestor G.; Baldo, Diego (2019-10-11). "A new frog of the Leptodactylus fuscus species group (Anura: Leptodactylidae), endemic from the South American Gran Chaco". PeerJ. 7: e7869. doi:10.7717/peerj.7869. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 6791353. PMID 31616603.

[8] Da Silva, Leandro A.; MagalhãEs, Felipe M.; Thomassen, Hans; Leite, Felipe S. F.; Garda, Adrian A.; BrandãO, Reuber A.; Haddad, CéLio F. B.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; De Carvalho, Thiago R. (2020-05-19). "Unraveling the species diversity and relationships in the Leptodactylus mystaceus complex (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of three new Brazilian species". Zootaxa. 4779 (2). doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4779.2.1. ISSN 1175-5334.

[9] Heyer, W. Ronald (1969). "The Adaptive Ecology of the Species Groups of the Genus Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae)". Evolution. 23 (3): 421–428. doi:10.2307/2406697. ISSN 0014-3820. JSTOR 2406697. PMID 28562917.

[10] Gazoni, Thiago; Lyra, Mariana L.; Ron, Santiago R.; Strüssmann, Christine; Baldo, Diego; Narimatsu, Hideki; Pansonato, André; Schneider, Rosío G.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Haddad, Célio F. B.; Parise-Maltempi, Patricia P.; Carvalho, Thiago R. (2021-01-01). "Revisiting the systematics of the Leptodactylus melanonotus group (Anura: Leptodactylidae): Redescription of L. petersii and revalidation of its junior synonyms". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 290: 117–134. Bibcode:2021ZooAn.290..117G. doi:10.1016/j.jcz.2020.12.002. ISSN 0044-5231.

[11] Carvalho, Thiago R.; Fouquet, Antoine; Lyra, Mariana L.; Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Costa-Campos, C. Eduardo; Rodrigues, Miguel T.; Haddad, Célio F. B.; Ron, Santiago R. (2022-12-31). "Species diversity and systematics of the Leptodactylus melanonotus group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): review of diagnostic traits and a new species from the Eastern Guiana Shield". Systematics and Biodiversity. 20 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1080/14772000.2022.2089269. ISSN 1477-2000.

[12] Heyer, W. Ronald (2005-11-30). "Variation and taxonomic clarification of the large species of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus species group (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) from Middle America, Northern South America, and Amazonia". Arquivos de Zoologia (in Portuguese). 37 (3): 269–348. doi:10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v37i3p269-348. ISSN 2176-7793.

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