List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Ireland
The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Ireland is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in Ireland and head of the UK's diplomatic mission in Ireland.
Official title
[edit]For several decades the British and Irish governments disputed the respective names of their States: the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" and "Ireland" respectively. The UK's official policy was to refer to Ireland as the "Republic of Ireland".[1] Up to and including the year 1999, the Diplomatic List issued by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office referred to the "Republic of Ireland", while the Irish Diplomatic List referred to "Great Britain".[2] Similarly, Ireland's policy was to use the term "British" when referring to the UK's diplomatic representative, as "UK" implied acceptance of British sovereignty over Northern Ireland.[3] However, this dispute over names was ended following the Good Friday Agreement. Consequently, since 2000 the British Diplomatic List has referred to "Ireland", and the credentials presented by the British ambassador, Stewart Eldon, in 2003, were addressed to the President of Ireland, while since 2001, the Irish Diplomatic List referred to the "United Kingdom".[2] The British Ambassador to Ireland has since been styled officially as "His Majesty's Ambassador to Ireland".[4]
List of heads of mission
[edit]The Governor-General of the Irish Free State had been the effective representative of the UK in the Irish Free State, negating the need for a separate envoy. However, following a 1926 Imperial Conference, each dominion's Governor-General became advised by the Government of that dominion rather than by Whitehall and the need arose for an envoy.
The first British diplomatic representatives to the new Irish Free State did not have the title of "Ambassador", instead having the title of "Representative", or "Minister". This was a compromise and arose because the nascent Irish state had proposed that the UK's representative should be styled as "Ambassador" rather than "High Commissioner", as was the norm in Commonwealth countries, despite Ireland itself having appointed a High Commissioner to London in 1923,[5] similarly exchanging High Commissioners with Canada, a fellow dominion, in 1938.[6] However the UK refused to use the title of "Ambassador" as it indicated a non-existent foreign status, as UK cabinet's minutes of September 1939 recorded at the time:
The Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs reported that Mr de Valera had expressed himself as willing to receive a representative of the United Kingdom Government in Dublin. He proposed that this representative should have the title of Ambassador, but it had been intimated that this was impossible from our point of view and the title "Representative" had been agreed. The Secretary of State thought that until [the United Kingdom] representative had been appointed, it would be undesirable that the Defence Departments should raise with the Éire Government, the grant of any major defence facilities (e.g. the use of Berehaven)[7]
Similarly, the British mission in Dublin was styled not as the High Commission but as the "British Representative's Office".[8] In 1948, the Oireachtas passed the Republic of Ireland Act, under which Ireland withdrew from the Commonwealth the following year, and the name of the office was changed to "Ambassador", although holders of the post continued to be recruited from the Commonwealth Relations Office, later the Commonwealth Office, until the appointment of Sir John Peck in 1970.[9]
Representatives
[edit]- 1939–1949: Sir John Maffey (styled as Lord Rugby from 1947)
- 1949–1950: Sir Gilbert Laithwaite[10]
Ambassadors to Ireland
[edit]- 1950–1951: Sir Gilbert Laithwaite
- 1951–1955: Walter Hankinson
- 1955–1959: Sir Alexander Clutterbuck
- 1959–1964: Ian Maclennan
- 1964–1967: Sir Geofroy Tory
- 1967–1970: Sir Andrew Gilchrist
- 1970–1973: John Peck
- 1973–1976: Sir Arthur Galsworthy
- July 1976: Christopher Ewart-Biggs[11]
- 1976–1980: Walter Robert Haydon
- 1980–1983: Leonard Figg[12]
- 1983–1986: Alan Goodison
- 1986–1991: Sir Nicholas Fenn
- 1991–1995: Sir David Blatherwick
- 1995–1999: Dame Veronica Sutherland
- 1999–2003: Sir Ivor Roberts
- 2003–2006: Sir Stewart Eldon
- 2006–2009: Sir David Reddaway
- 2009–2011: Sir Julian King
- 2012–2016: Sir Dominick Chilcott
- 2016–2020: Robin Barnett[13]
- 2020–present: Paul Johnston[14]
See also
[edit]External links
[edit]- UK and Ireland, gov.uk
Notes
[edit]- ^ Papers by Command, Volume 34, HMSO, 1964, page 278
- ^ a b Journal of British Studies 46 (January 2007): The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: “A Country by Any Other Name”? by Mary E. Daly (Professor of Irish history and principal of the College of Arts and Celtic Studies at University College Dublin).
- ^ Diplomacy with a Difference: The Commonwealth Office of High Commissioner, 1880-2006, Lorna Lloyd, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2007, page 74
- ^ Examples of official usage of current title: Foreign and Commonwealth Office and British Embassy Website Archived 10 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Documents on Irish Foreign Policy: 1939-1941, Department of Foreign Affairs, Royal Irish Academy, 2008, page xix
- ^ The Embassy’s History, Embassy of Ireland, Canada, Department of Foreign Affairs
- ^ _Representation of the United Kingdom in Cabinet Minutes, September 8, 1939, WM (39) 3rd Conclusions, Minute 6
- ^ Defending Ireland: The Irish State and its Enemies since 1922, Eunan O'Halpin, OUP Oxford, 1999, page 151
- ^ The excellent honour of ambassador suits you, sir, Sunday Independent, 16 July 2006
- ^ Appointed as "Representative, Éire" in March 1949. A month later, this title was changed to "Representative, Republic of Ireland". In July 1950, he was named "Ambassador, Republic of Ireland".
- ^ Assassinated by the Provisional IRA on 21 July 1976, 16 days after taking up his appointment
- ^ "No. 48325". The London Gazette. 1 October 1980. p. 13693.
- ^ "Her Majesty's Ambassador to Ireland officially takes office". British Embassy Dublin. 14 September 2016.
- ^ "Paul Johnston". GOV.UK. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
