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List of United States hurricanes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Continental United States hurricane strikes 1950–2022

The list of United States hurricanes includes all tropical cyclones officially recorded to have produced sustained winds of greater than 74 mph (119 km/h) in the United States, which is the minimum threshold for hurricane intensity. The list, which is sorted by U.S. state, begins in 1851 with the start of the official Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT), as provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Hurricane Research Division. Since 1851, a total of 306 North Atlantic hurricanes produced hurricane-force winds in 19 states along the Atlantic coast. Some of these storms may not have made a direct landfall (i.e. remained just offshore) while producing hurricane-force winds on land; some of them may have weakened to a tropical storm or became extratropical before landfall but produced hurricane conditions on land while still a hurricane and some of them made landfall in an adjacent state but produced hurricane conditions over multiple states. This list does not include storms that only produced tropical storm conditions on land in the United States.

Additionally, three Pacific hurricanes struck Hawaii, and one Pacific tropical cyclone brought hurricane-force winds to California. The tables list hurricanes by category on the Saffir–Simpson scale, based on winds that occurred in each state.

Statistics

[edit]
AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingDelawareMarylandNew HampshireNew JerseyMassachusettsConnecticutWest VirginiaVermontRhode Island
Map of the United States; click on individual states to be directed to its article,
or click on some coastal states to be directed to a list of tropical cyclones in those locations

As of 2022, a total of 305 Atlantic hurricanes have produced hurricane-force winds in every state along the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico (as well as Pennsylvania), with Florida having had more hurricanes affecting it than any other state.[1]

The earliest time in the year for a hurricane (and a major hurricane) to strike the nation was June 9, which was set by Alma in 1966. The earliest major hurricane (category 3 or greater) to make an actual landfall in the nation occurred in 1957, when Hurricane Audrey made landfall at category 3 intensity on June 27. The latest in the year for a hurricane to strike the nation was on November 24 with Hurricane Iwa in Hawaii; for the Atlantic basin the latest was on November 22, which was set by Hurricane Kate in 1985. The latest in the year for a major hurricane to strike the nation was from Hurricane Zeta, which moved ashore on October 28.[2]

The 1990s were the most active decade for the United States, with a total of 31 hurricanes affecting the nation. By contrast, the least active decade was the 1860s and 1970s, each with a total of only 15 hurricanes affecting the United States. A total of 33 seasons on record passed without an Atlantic hurricane affecting the country — the most recent of which was the 2015 season. Seven Atlantic hurricanes affected the country in the 1886 season, which was the year with the most United States hurricanes.[1]

Impact

[edit]

The 1935 Labor Day hurricane was the most intense hurricane to make landfall on the country, having struck the Florida Keys with a pressure of 892 mbar. It was one of only seven hurricanes to move ashore as a Category 5 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale; the others were "Okeechobee" in 1928, Karen in 1962, Camille in 1969, Andrew in 1992, Michael in 2018, and Yutu in 2018, which had a landfalling pressure of 931 mbar, 932 mbar, 900 mbar, 922 mbar, 919 mbar, and 900 mbar, respectively. Hurricane Michael in 2018 was the fourth most intense hurricane to strike the country with a pressure of 919 mbar, while hurricanes Katrina in 2005 and Maria in 2017 are tied as the fifth most intense hurricanes to strike the country, each with a pressure of 920 mbar.[3][4]

The 1900 Galveston hurricane was the deadliest hurricane in the history of the United States, killing between 6,000 and 12,000 people. 2017s Hurricane Maria resulted in at least 2,982 fatalities. The 1928 Okeechobee hurricane caused at least 2,500 fatalities, and in 2005, Hurricane Katrina killed approximately 1,800 people. In the 1893 season, two hurricanes each caused over 1,000 deaths.[4]

Not accounting for inflation, a total of fifteen Atlantic hurricanes have resulted in over US$10 billion in damage, including three each from the 2004, 2005, and 2017 seasons, respectively. The costliest hurricanes were Katrina in 2005 and Harvey in 2017, both with uninflated damage totals amounting to US$125 billion. Of the 41 Atlantic hurricanes with damages exceeding $1.01 billion after accounting for inflation (2017 dollars), 20 have occurred after the year 2000, though this list does not include 2018's Michael nor Florence.[3]

List of states

[edit]

The category listed for each state indicates the maximum category of sustained winds that were recorded or analyzed to have occurred in that state. It is not necessarily the category of the storm at the time of landfall or closest approach (if the strongest winds were occurring elsewhere or only over water at the time).

Alabama

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 26
1852
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
August 31
1856
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 16
1859
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 12
1860
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 16
1860
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
July 30
1870
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
September 10
1882
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 3
1893
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 15
1901
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 27
1906
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 14
1912
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
July 5
1916
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 18
1916
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 29
1917
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 21
1926
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 1
1932
Baker
Category 1 hurricane
August 31
1950
Camille
Category 1 hurricane
August 18
1969
Eloise
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
September 23
1975
Frederic
Category 4 hurricane
September 13
1979
Elena
Category 3 hurricane
September 2
1985
Opal
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
October 4
1995
Danny
Category 1 hurricane
July 19
1997
Ivan
Category 3 hurricane
September 16
2004
Dennis
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
July 10
2005
Katrina
Category 1 hurricane
August 29
2005
Michael
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
October 10
2018
Sally
Category 2 hurricane
September 16
2020
Zeta
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
October 29
2020
Sources: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]
Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT[5]

Connecticut

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 16
1858
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 8
1869
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 24
1893
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 10
1894
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 21
1938
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 15
1944
Carol
Category 3 hurricane
August 31
1954
Donna
Category 1 hurricane
September 12
1960
Gloria
Category 1 hurricane
September 27
1985
Bob
Category 2 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 19
1991
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

Delaware

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
[notes 2]
October 23
1878
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 16
1903
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

Florida

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 23
1851
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 26
1852
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 12
1852
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 9
1852
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 8
1854
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 31
1856
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 16
1859
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 28
1859
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 16
1861
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 23
1865
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 6
1867
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
October 9
1870
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 20
1870
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 16
1871
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 25
1871
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 6
1871
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
October 7
1873
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 19
1873
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 28
1874
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 20
1876
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 19
1877
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
October 3
1877
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 10
1878
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 29
1880
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 8
1880
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 10
1882
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 11
1882
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 24
1885
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
June 21
1886
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
June 30
1886
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
July 18
1886
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
July 27
1887
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 16
1888
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 11
1888
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 24
1891
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 27
1893
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 25
1894
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
October 9
1894
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
July 7
1896
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 29
1896
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 3
1898
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 2
1898
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 1
1899
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
August 27
1900
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 11
1903
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 17
1904
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
June 16
1906
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 27
1906
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
October 18
1906
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
October 11
1909
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 18
1910
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 11
1911
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 14
1912
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 1
1915
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 4
1915
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
July 5
1916
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 18
1916
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 29
1917
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
September 10
1919
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
October 25
1921
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 15
1924
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 21
1924
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
July 27
1926
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
September 18
1926
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
October 21
1926
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 8
1928
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
September 17
1928
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 28
1929
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 1
1932
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
July 30
1933
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 4
1933
Unnamed
Category 5 hurricane
September 3
1935
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
November 4
1935
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
July 31
1936
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 11
1939
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 6
1941
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
October 19
1944
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
June 24
1945
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 15
1945
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 8
1946
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
September 17
1947
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 11
1947
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
September 21
1948
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 5
1948
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
August 26
1949
Easy
Category 3 hurricane
September 5
1950
King
Category 4 hurricane
October 18
1950
Florence
Category 1 hurricane
September 26
1953
Hazel
Category 1 hurricane
October 9
1953
Flossy
Category 1 hurricane
September 24
1956
Donna
Category 4 hurricane
September 10
1960
Cleo
Category 2 hurricane
August 27
1964
Dora
Category 2 hurricane
September 10
1964
Isbell
Category 2 hurricane
October 14
1964
Betsy
Category 3 hurricane
September 8
1965
Alma
Category 3 hurricane
[notes 3]
June 9
1966
Inez
Category 2 hurricane
October 8
1966
Gladys
Category 2 hurricane
October 19
1968
Agnes
Category 1 hurricane
June 19
1972
Eloise
Category 3 hurricane
September 23
1975
David
Category 2 hurricane
September 3
1979
Elena
Category 3 hurricane
September 1
1985
Kate
Category 2 hurricane
November 21
1985
Floyd
Category 1 hurricane
October 12
1987
Andrew
Category 5 hurricane
August 24
1992
Erin
Category 2 hurricane
August 3
1995
Opal
Category 3 hurricane
October 4
1995
Earl
Category 1 hurricane
September 3
1998
Georges
Category 2 hurricane
September 25
1998
Irene
Category 1 hurricane
October 15
1999
Charley
Category 4 hurricane
August 13
2004
Frances
Category 2 hurricane
September 5
2004
Ivan
Category 3 hurricane
September 16
2004
Jeanne
Category 3 hurricane
September 26
2004
Dennis
Category 3 hurricane
July 10
2005
Katrina
Category 1 hurricane
August 25
2005
Rita
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 20
2005
Wilma
Category 3 hurricane
October 24
2005
Hermine
Category 1 hurricane
September 2
2016
Matthew
Category 2 hurricane
[notes 2]
October 7
2016
Irma
Category 4 hurricane
September 10
2017
Michael
Category 5 hurricane
October 10
2018
Sally
Category 2 hurricane
September 16
2020
Ian
Category 4 hurricane
September 28
2022
Nicole
Category 1 hurricane
November 10
2022
Idalia
Category 3 hurricane
August 30
2023
Debby
Category 1 hurricane
August 5
2024
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

Georgia

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
August 24
1851
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
October 10
1852
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 21
1853
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 8
1854
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
August 31
1856
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
October 3
1877
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 11
1878
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 28
1881
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 25
1885
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
June 21
1886
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
June 30
1886
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 28
1893
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
October 9
1894
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 29
1896
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 31
1898
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
October 2
1898
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 28
1911
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 18
1928
"Labor Day"
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
September 5
1935
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 11
1940
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 15
1947
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 27
1949
David
Category 2 hurricane
September 4
1979
Kate
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
November 22
1985
Matthew
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
October 8
2016
Michael
Category 2 hurricane
[notes 1]
October 10
2018
Idalia
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
August 30
2023
Sources: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]
Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT[5]

Louisiana

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 25
1852
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 16
1855
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
August 11
1856
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 11
1860
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 15
1860
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 2
1860
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 13
1865
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 4
1867
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 5
1869
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 18
1877
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 23
1879
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 1
1879
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
June 14
1886
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
October 12
1886
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 19
1887
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 19
1888
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 23
1889
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 7
1893
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
October 2
1893
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 12
1897
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 14
1901
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 27
1906
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 20
1909
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 17
1915
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 29
1915
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 29
1917
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 7
1918
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 21
1920
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 16
1923
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 26
1926
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
June 16
1934
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 15
1938
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 7
1940
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 19
1947
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 4
1948
Flossy
Category 2 hurricane
September 24
1956
Audrey
Category 3 hurricane
June 27
1957
Ethel
Category 1 hurricane
September 15
1964
Hilda
Category 2 hurricane
October 3
1964
Betsy
Category 4 hurricane
September 10
1965
Camille
Category 5 hurricane
August 17
1969
Edith
Category 2 hurricane
September 16
1971
Carmen
Category 3 hurricane
September 8
1974
Babe
Category 1 hurricane
September 5
1977
Bob
Category 1 hurricane
July 11
1979
Danny
Category 1 hurricane
August 15
1985
Juan
Category 1 hurricane
October 28
1985
Florence
Category 1 hurricane
September 10
1988
Andrew
Category 3 hurricane
August 26
1992
Danny
Category 1 hurricane
July 18
1997
Lili
Category 1 hurricane
October 3
2002
Cindy
Category 1 hurricane
July 6
2005
Katrina[6]
Category 3 hurricane
August 29
2005
Rita
Category 3 hurricane
September 24
2005
Humberto
Category 1 hurricane
September 13
2007
Gustav
Category 2 hurricane
September 1
2008
Isaac
Category 1 hurricane
August 28
2012
Nate
Category 1 hurricane
October 7
2017
Barry
Category 1 hurricane
July 13
2019
Laura
Category 4 hurricane
August 27
2020
Delta
Category 2 hurricane
October 9
2020
Zeta
Category 3 hurricane
October 28
2020
Ida
Category 4 hurricane
August 29
2021
Sources: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]
Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT[5]

Maine

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 4
1869
Gloria
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 27
1985
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

Maryland

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
October 23
1878
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 23
1933
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

Massachusetts

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 16
1858
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 8
1869
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 4
1869
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 19
1879
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 10
1896
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 26
1924
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 21
1938
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 15
1944
Carol
Category 2 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 31
1954
Edna
Category 2 hurricane
September 11
1954
Donna
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 12
1960
Bob
Category 2 hurricane
August 19
1991
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

Mississippi

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 26
1852
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 16
1855
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 12
1860
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 15
1860
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
August 20
1888
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 2
1893
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 15
1901
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 27
1906
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 21
1909
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 29
1915
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
July 6
1916
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 16
1923
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 21
1926
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 19
1947
Ethel
Category 1 hurricane
September 15
1960
Camille
Category 5 hurricane
August 18
1969
Frederic
Category 3 hurricane
September 13
1979
Elena
Category 3 hurricane
September 2
1985
Georges
Category 2 hurricane
September 29
1998
Katrina
Category 3 hurricane
August 29
2005
Nate
Category 1 hurricane
October 8
2017
Zeta
Category 2 hurricane
October 29
2020
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

New Hampshire

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Gloria
Category 1 hurricane
September 27
1985
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

New Jersey

[edit]

Although Hurricane Sandy struck the state in October 2012 and produced hurricane-force winds, it became an extratropical cyclone before landfall or producing any hurricane-strength winds.[7]

Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
October 23
1878
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 16
1903
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 8
1934
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 14
1944
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

New York

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 16
1858
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 8
1869
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 24
1893
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 10
1894
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 8
1934
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 21
1938
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 15
1944
Carol
Category 3 hurricane
August 31
1954
Edna
Category 1 hurricane
September 11
1954
Donna
Category 2 hurricane
September 12
1960
Agnes
Category 1 hurricane
June 22
1972
Belle
Category 1 hurricane
August 10
1976
Gloria
Category 1 hurricane
September 27
1985
Bob
Category 2 hurricane
August 19
1991
Sandy
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 4]
October 29
2012
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

North Carolina

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 13
1857
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 27
1861
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
November 2
1861
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 24
1874
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 17
1876
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 23
1878
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 18
1879
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 9
1880
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 9
1881
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 11
1883
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 25
1885
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 20
1887
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
August 28
1893
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 13
1893
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
September 29
1896
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 18
1899
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 31
1899
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
July 11
1901
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 17
1906
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
July 31
1908
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 3
1913
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 24
1918
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 26
1924
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 23
1933
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 16
1933
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 9
1934
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 18
1936
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 1
1944
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 14
1944
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 24
1949
Barbara
Category 1 hurricane
August 14
1953
Carol
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 31
1954
Edna
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 11
1954
Hazel
Category 4 hurricane
October 15
1954
Connie
Category 2 hurricane
August 12
1955
Ione
Category 2 hurricane
September 19
1955
Helene
Category 3 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 27
1958
Donna
Category 2 hurricane
September 12
1960
Ginger
Category 1 hurricane
September 30
1971
Diana
Category 2 hurricane
September 13
1984
Gloria
Category 3 hurricane
September 27
1985
Charley
Category 1 hurricane
August 17
1986
Hugo
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
September 22
1989
Emily
Category 3 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 31
1993
Bertha
Category 2 hurricane
July 12
1996
Fran
Category 3 hurricane
September 6
1996
Bonnie
Category 2 hurricane
August 27
1998
Floyd
Category 2 hurricane
September 16
1999
Irene
Category 2 hurricane
[notes 2]
October 18
1999
Isabel
Category 2 hurricane
September 18
2003
Alex
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 3
2004
Charley
Category 1 hurricane
August 14
2004
Ophelia
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 14
2005
Irene
Category 1 hurricane
August 27
2011
Arthur
Category 2 hurricane
July 4
2014
Matthew
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
October 8
2016
Florence
Category 1 hurricane
September 14
2018
Dorian
Category 2 hurricane
September 6
2019
Isaias
Category 1 hurricane
August 4
2020
Sources: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]
Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT[5]

Pennsylvania

[edit]

Though not directly bordering the Atlantic Ocean, the Gale of 1878 produced hurricane-force winds in the state, the only tropical cyclone on record to do so.[1] Furthermore, Hurricane Agnes (1972) had a severe impact on the state. Although it had been only a Category 1 storm, and had weakened to a tropical depression by the time it reached Pennsylvania, Hurricane Agnes nevertheless caused severe flooding, as well as enormous economic damage.

Rhode Island

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 16
1858
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 8
1869
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
October 10
1894
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 10
1896
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 21
1938
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 15
1944
Carol
Category 3 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 31
1954
Edna
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 11
1954
Donna
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 12
1960
Bob
Category 2 hurricane
August 19
1991
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

South Carolina

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 8
1854
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
June 22
1867
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 28
1874
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 12
1878
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 28
1881
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 11
1883
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 25
1885
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 28
1893
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
October 13
1893
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 27
1894
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 29
1896
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 31
1898
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 31
1899
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 14
1904
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 17
1906
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 28
1911
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 8
1913
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
July 14
1916
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 18
1928
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 11
1940
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 15
1947
Able
Category 2 hurricane
August 31
1952
Hazel
Category 4 hurricane
October 15
1954
Cindy
Category 1 hurricane
July 9
1959
Gracie
Category 4 hurricane
September 29
1959
David
Category 2 hurricane
September 4
1979
Bob
Category 1 hurricane
July 25
1985
Hugo
Category 4 hurricane
September 22
1989
Charley
Category 1 hurricane
August 14
2004
Gaston
Category 1 hurricane
August 29
2004
Matthew
Category 1 hurricane
October 8
2016
Isaias
Category 1 hurricane
August 4
2020
Ian
Category 1 hurricane
September 30
2022
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

Texas

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
June 25
1851
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
June 26
1854
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 18
1854
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 13
1865
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
July 15
1866
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 2
1867
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 17
1869
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 16
1875
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 23
1879
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
[notes 5]
August 13
1880
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
June 14
1886
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
August 20
1886
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 5]
September 23
1886
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 12
1886
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 21
1887
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
June 17
1888
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
July 5
1891
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 5]
August 30
1895
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 13
1897
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
September 9
1900
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
June 29
1909
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
July 21
1909
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 5]
August 27
1909
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
September 14
1910
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 16
1912
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
June 27
1913
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
August 17
1915
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
August 18
1916
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 7
1918
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 14
1919
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
June 22
1921
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
June 28
1929
Unnamed
Category 4 hurricane
August 14
1932
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
[notes 5]
August 7
1933
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 5
1933
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
July 25
1934
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
June 27
1936
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 8
1940
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
September 23
1941
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 21
1942
Unnamed
Category 3 hurricane
August 30
1942
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
July 27
1943
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 27
1945
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
August 24
1947
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
October 4
1949
Audrey
Category 2 hurricane
June 27
1957
Debra
Category 1 hurricane
July 25
1959
Carla
Category 4 hurricane
September 11
1961
Beulah
Category 3 hurricane
September 20
1967
Celia
Category 4 hurricane
August 3
1970
Fern
Category 1 hurricane
September 10
1971
Allen
Category 3 hurricane
August 10
1980
Alicia
Category 3 hurricane
August 18
1983
Bonnie
Category 1 hurricane
June 28
1986
Chantal
Category 1 hurricane
August 1
1989
Jerry
Category 1 hurricane
October 16
1989
Bret
Category 3 hurricane
August 23
1999
Claudette
Category 1 hurricane
July 15
2003
Rita
Category 2 hurricane
September 24
2005
Humberto
Category 1 hurricane
September 13
2007
Dolly
Category 1 hurricane
July 23
2008
Ike
Category 2 hurricane
September 13
2008
Harvey
Category 4 hurricane
August 26
2017
Hanna
Category 1 hurricane
July 25
2020
Laura
Category 1 hurricane
August 27
2020
Nicholas
Category 1 hurricane
September 14
2021
Beryl
Category 1 hurricane
July 8
2024
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

Virginia

[edit]
Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 17
1876
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
October 23
1878
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 18
1879
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
October 13
1893
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 29
1894
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 1]
September 30
1896
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 16
1933
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
September 18
1936
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 14
1944
Connie
Category 1 hurricane
August 12
1955
Donna
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 12
1960
Isabel
Category 1 hurricane
September 19
2003
Source: Chronological List of All Hurricanes which Affected the Continental United States: 1851–2012[1]

States bordering the Pacific Ocean

[edit]

Southwestern United States

[edit]

The 1858 San Diego hurricane is the only Pacific tropical cyclone known to have produced hurricane-force winds in California; it affected San Diego on October 2, 1858, though its center remained just offshore. In the 20th century, only four tropical cyclones produced tropical storm force winds in the southwestern United States: a tropical storm in September 1939 in California, Hurricane Joanne in October 1972 in Arizona, Hurricane Kathleen in September 1976 in Arizona and California, and Hurricane Nora in September 1997 in Arizona. In the 21st century, the only tropical cyclone to achieve this was Hurricane Hilary in 2023, which caused large amounts of flooding and power outages, along with heavy winds. [8]

Hawaii

[edit]

Hurricane Dora (2023) affected wildfires in Hawaii, "although there is some debate about how much influence the storm had as it passed about 500 miles south of the Hawaiian islands."[9] However, it is not included in this list since this is a list of storms producing hurricane force winds within the states and territories listed, not a list of hurricanes passing within 500 miles of Hawaii that made "history without making landfall."[10]

Note: This section only includes tropical cyclones that occurred during or after 1900, when Hawaii was acquired by the United States
This section does not include tropical cyclones that affected the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands

Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year
Dot
Category 1 hurricane
August 7
1959
Iwa
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
November 24
1982
Iniki
Category 4 hurricane
September 11
1992
Sources: [11][12][13][14]

U.S. territories

[edit]

American Samoa

[edit]

Note: This section only includes tropical cyclones that occurred during or after 1900, when American Samoa was acquired by the United States

Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year Ref
"Honorine" (22P)
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
February 25
1959 [15]
Tusi
Category 2 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
January 18
1987 [16]
Ofa
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
February 3
1990 [17]
Val
Category 2 tropical cyclone
December 10
1991 [18]
Heta
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
January 4
2004 [19]
Olaf
Category 3 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
February 16
2005 [20]
Rene
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
February 13
2010 [21]

Guam

[edit]

Note: This section only includes tropical cyclones that occurred during or after 1899, when Guam was acquired by the United States

Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year Ref
Unnamed
Category 4 tropical cyclone
November 13
1900 [22]
Unnamed
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
November 10
1913 [22]
Unnamed
Category 3 tropical cyclone
July 6
1918 [22]
Unnamed
Category 3 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
November 3
1940 [22]
Unnamed
Category 2 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
August 3
1941 [22]
Allyn
Category 2 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
November 17
1949 [23]
Lola
Category 2 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
November 15
1957 [22]
Karen
Category 5 tropical cyclone
November 11
1962 [24]
Olive
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
April 29
1963 [22]
Sally
Category 1 tropical cyclone
September 5
1964 [25]
June
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
November 19
1975 [22]
Pamela
Category 4 tropical cyclone
May 21
1976 [22]
Rita
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
October 23
1978 [22]
Bill
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
November 12
1984 [26]
Roy
Category 3 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
January 12
1988 [27]
Russ
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
December 20
1990 [25]
Yuri
Category 2 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
November 27
1991 [25]
Omar
Category 3 tropical cyclone
August 28
1992 [28]
Brian
Category 1 tropical cyclone
October 21
1992 [28]
Gay
Category 2 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
November 23
1992 [25]
Paka
Category 4 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
December 16
1997 [29]
Chataan
Category 1 tropical cyclone
July 4
2002 [30]
Pongsona
Category 4 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
December 8
2002 [31]
Dolphin
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
May 15
2015 [32]
Mawar
Category 4 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
May 24
2023 [33]
Source: Historical Tropical Cyclones Affecting Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands (1671–1990)[22]

Northern Mariana Islands

[edit]

Note: This section only includes tropical cyclones that occurred during or after 1986, when the Northern Mariana Islands were acquired by the United States
This section only includes tropical cyclones that affected the main islands of Saipan, Tinian, and Rota

Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year Ref
Kim
Category 4 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
December 3
1986 [34]
Lynn
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
October 18
1987 [22]
Roy
Category 3 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
January 12
1988 [27]
Mireille
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
September 19
1991 [35]
Seth
Category 2 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
November 3
1991 [35]
Joan
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
October 18
1997 [36]
Keith
Category 2 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
November 2
1997 [37]
Paka
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
December 16
1997 [29]
Pongsona
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
December 8
2002 [31]
Chaba
Category 3 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
August 22
2004 [38]
Vongfong
Category 2 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
October 5
2014 [39]
Dolphin
Category 1 tropical cyclone
[notes 2]
May 15
2015 [32]
Soudelor
Category 4 tropical cyclone
August 2
2015 [40]
Mangkhut
Category 2 tropical cyclone
September 10
2018 [41]
Yutu
Category 5 tropical cyclone
October 24
2018 [42]
Source: Historical Tropical Cyclones Affecting Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands (1671–1990)[22]

Puerto Rico

[edit]

This section only includes tropical cyclones that occurred during or after 1899, when Puerto Rico was acquired by the United States

Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year Ref
"San Ciriaco"
Category 4 hurricane
August 8
1899 [43]
"San Hipólito"
Category 2 hurricane
August 22
1916 [44]
"San Liborio"
Category 2 hurricane
July 24
1926 [44]
"San Felipe II"
Category 5 hurricane
September 13
1928 [44]
"San Nicolás"
Category 1 hurricane
September 11
1931 [44]
"San Ciprián"
Category 4 hurricane
September 27
1932 [44]
Betsy
Category 2 hurricane
August 12
1956 [44]
David
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 31
1979 [45]
Hugo
Category 3 hurricane
September 18
1989 [46]
Hortense
Category 1 hurricane
September 10
1996 [47]
Georges
Category 3 hurricane
September 21
1998 [48]
Irene
Category 1 hurricane
August 22
2011 [49]
Maria
Category 4 hurricane
September 20
2017 [50]
Fiona
Category 1 hurricane
September 18
2022 [51]

United States Virgin Islands

[edit]

Note: This section only includes tropical cyclones that occurred during or after 1917, when the United States Virgin Islands were acquired by the United States

Name Saffir–Simpson
Category
Date of closest approach Year Ref
Unnamed
Category 2 hurricane
August 29
1924 [52]
"San Felipe II"
Category 4 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 13
1928 [52]
"San Nicolás"
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 10
1931 [52]
"San Ciprian"
Category 2 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 26
1932 [52]
Unnamed
Category 1 hurricane
July 26
1933 [53]
Hugo
Category 4 hurricane
September 18
1989 [46]
Marilyn
Category 2 hurricane
September 16
1995 [54]
Bertha
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
July 8
1996 [55]
Georges
Category 1 hurricane
September 21
1998 [48]
Lenny
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
November 17
1999 [56]
Omar
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
October 16
2008 [57]
Irma
Category 3 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 6
2017 [58]
Maria
Category 3 hurricane
[notes 2]
September 20
2017 [50]
Dorian
Category 1 hurricane
[notes 2]
August 28
2019 [59]

Climatological statistics

[edit]
North Atlantic tropical storms and hurricanes
  Hurricane category 1-3
  Tropical storm or Tropical depression
The 20-year average of the number of annual Category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the Atlantic region has approximately doubled since the year 2000.[60]
The number of $1 billion Atlantic hurricanes almost doubled from the 1980s to the 2010s, and inflation-adjusted costs have increased more than elevenfold.[61] The increases have been attributed to climate change and to greater numbers of people moving to coastal areas.[61]
Hurricanes reaching landfall in the U.S., by month.
Number of United States hurricane impacts / landfalls
per decade since the 1850s
Decade 000Number of hurricanes
1850s
16
1860s
15
1870s
19
1880s
25
1890s
22
1900s
17
1910s
21
1920s
15
1930s
18
1940s
23
1950s
18
1960s
13
1970s
12
1980s
16
1990s
14
2000s
19
2010s
13
2020s
9(Through 2022)

Source: [1]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Hurricane conditions in this state were limited to inland areas.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp This hurricane did not make landfall, but produced hurricane conditions over the state indicated.
  3. ^ This hurricane did not make landfall at this intensity, but produced such conditions over the state indicated. It eventually made landfall as a weaker hurricane.
  4. ^ This storm became extratropical before landfall, but produced hurricane conditions over the state indicated while still a tropical cyclone.
  5. ^ a b c d e This hurricane made landfall in Mexico but produced hurricane conditions in Texas.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "Continental United States Hurricane Impacts/Landfalls 1851-2022". Miami, Florida: Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA. April 2023.
  2. ^ Eric Blake; Robbie Berg; Andrew Hagen (May 10, 2021). "Hurricane Zeta" (PDF). Tropical Cyclone Report. Miami, Florida: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved May 11, 2021.
  3. ^ a b "Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables updated" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. 2017. Retrieved 2019-02-10.
  4. ^ a b Eric S. Blake; Edward N. Rappaport; Christopher W. Landsea (2007). "The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones From 1851 to 2006" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  5. ^ a b c d Hurricane Research Division (2008). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  6. ^ "Hurricane Katrina, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA". USGS. U.S. Dept. of the Interior. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  7. ^ Eric S. Blake; et al. (2013-02-12). Hurricane Sandy Tropical Cyclone Report (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2013-02-23.
  8. ^ Michael Chenoweth & Chris Landsea (2004). "The San Diego Hurricane of October 2, 1858" (PDF). American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
  9. ^ Dan Stillman (11 August 2023). "Unrelenting Hurricane Dora makes history by becoming a typhoon". The Washington Post. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  10. ^ Jennifer Robbins (12 August 2023). "Hurricane Dora makes history without making landfall". Hawaii News Now. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  11. ^ Central Pacific Hurricane Season. "1959 Central Pacific Hurricane Season". Retrieved 2008-01-26.
  12. ^ Central Pacific Hurricane Season. "1982 Central Pacific Hurricane Season". Retrieved 2008-01-26.
  13. ^ Central Pacific Hurricane Season. "1992 Central Pacific Hurricane Season". Retrieved 2008-01-26.
  14. ^ Jelsema, Jon (August 8, 2023). Hurricane Dora Discussion Number 33 (Report). Honolulu, Hawaii: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved August 9, 2023.
  15. ^ d'Aubert, AnaMaria; Nunn, Patrick D. (20 March 2012). Furious Winds and Parched Islands: Tropical Cyclones (1558–1970) and Droughts (1722–1987) in the Pacific. Xlibris Corporation. ISBN 9781469170091. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  16. ^ Laidlaw, Michael R (February 17, 1987). Tropical Cyclone Report: 87/4: Tropical Cyclone Tusi (PDF) (Report). Fiji Meteorological Service. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 22, 2012. Retrieved September 26, 2014.
  17. ^ "American Samoa Observatory History". Earth System Research Laboratory. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  18. ^ "American Samoa Cyclone Val". FEMA.gov. Archived from the original on June 3, 2010. Retrieved December 16, 2010.
  19. ^ "Storm Events Database – Cyclone Heta". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
  20. ^ Olaf Report
  21. ^ "American Samoa baby born the night of the storm is named after Cyclone Rene". Radio New Zealand International. February 18, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2010.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Historical Tropical Cyclones Affecting Guam (1671-1990)" (PDF). U.S. Naval Oceanography Command Center and Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  23. ^ Knapp, K. "Diary of 1949 Typhoon Allyn: Part 3 – The center passes". Cyclone Center. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  24. ^ John A. Rupp & Mark A. Lander (May 1996). "A Technique for Estimating Recurrence Intervals of Tropical Cyclone-Related High Winds in the Tropics: Results for Guam". Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. 35 (5). Joint Typhoon Warning Center and University of Guam: 627–637. Bibcode:1996JApMe..35..627R. doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0627:ATFERI>2.0.CO;2.
  25. ^ a b c d "Tropical Cyclones Affecting Guam". Pacific Daily News. Retrieved 27 August 2018.
  26. ^ "1984 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  27. ^ a b Williams, Dick. "Typhoon Roy lashed Guam with 135 mph gusts and..." UPI. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
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