Louis Handley
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| Personal information | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Full name | Louis de Breda Handley | |||||||||||||||||
| Nickname | "Lou" | |||||||||||||||||
| National team | United States | |||||||||||||||||
| Born | February 14, 1874 Rome, Italy | |||||||||||||||||
| Died | December 28, 1956 (aged 82) New York, New York | |||||||||||||||||
| Sport | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sport | Swimming | |||||||||||||||||
| Strokes | Freestyle, water polo | |||||||||||||||||
| Club | New York Athletic Club Member and Coach New York Women's Swimming Association Head Coach | |||||||||||||||||
Medal record
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Louis de Breda Handley or Luigi de Breda (February 14, 1874 – December 28, 1956) was an Italian-born American freestyle swimmer, water polo player, and coach who coached the Women's Swimming Association of New York and won gold medals in swimming and water polo in the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis.[1]
Early life
[edit]Born in Rome on February 14, 1874, Handley was the son of the American sculptor Francis Montague Handley and his Italian wife. He was registered in Rome as an Italian citizen with the baptismal name of Luigi and the surname of his mother, "de Breda".[2]
In 1896 he fled to New York and added to his name the surname of his father. He worked in a small imports firm and devoted himself to his second passion after hunting, swimming. He was also a great water polo player (his style of shooting was called "jumping salmon").[2]
Athletic history
[edit]An outstanding and versatile athlete, he was the world record holder of the ‘medley race'”, which featured continuous quarter miles of walking, running, horseback riding, bicycling, rowing and swimming, in that order. His time was 16:27 4/5, defeated second-place challenger Joe Ruddy, who competed with him on the U.S. swimming and water polo teams at the 1904 Olympics.[3]
As an exceptional Water Polo player, Handley played for the New York Athletic Club team that captured all but one AAU indoor and outdoor title between 1898 and 1911. When the former US “softball” rules which used a smaller ball were removed from water polo in 1911 in favor of international rules, Handley left water polo but continued his sporting interests as a yachtsman and field dog trainer.[1]
1904 Olympic gold medals
[edit]In the 1904 St. Louis Olympics he won a gold medal swimming third in the 4x50 yard freestyle relay with the team of Joe Ruddy, Budd Goodwin, and Charlie Daniels with a time of 2:04.6, and was a member of New York Athletic Club water polo team, which won an Olympic gold medal. He also competed in the one-mile freestyle but did not finish.[4][5]
Olympic coaching and officiating
[edit]He served as the Head Water Polo referee for the 1920 Olympics.[4]
At the 1924 Olympics, Handley was the first official Head Coach for a U.S. Women's swimming team, along with Bill Bachrach who coached the Men's team.[6]
Coaching
[edit]He coached both the New York Athletic Club in swimming and water polo and was the Head Coach for the Women's Swimming Association of New York, founded by Charlotte Epstein in 1917. Epstein herself assisted with certain coaching responsibilities at times as well.[7][4]
Outstanding swimmers coached
[edit]As a trainer and coach for the Women's Swimming association, he coached Ethelda Bleibtrey to three gold medals at the 1920 Olympics, and Gertrude Ederle to the first English Channel-crossing by a woman in 1926. Other outstanding women swimmers he coached through the Women's Swimming Association included Olympians Gertrude Ederle, a 1924 gold medalist, 1920 gold medalist Aileen Riggin, 1932 gold medalist Eleanor Holm, 1920 and 1924 silver medalist Helen Wainwright, 1928 gold medalist Adelaide Lambert, 1928 gold medalist in diving Helen Meany and as previously noted, Ethelda Bleibtrey. Handley, as well as other American coaches of the period including William Bachrach, advocated a 10-beat kick for each full two strokes of his swimmer's arms. Handley accepted a lower beat count, but approved of increasing the count from 4 kicks per full arm cycle. Many former coaches had considered the American crawl to have originally been designed to have four kicks to one cycle of the arms. Several of Handley's swimmers, including Adelaide Lambert were known for a fast kick, particularly in sprint races.[8][7]
He wrote the entry dedicated to swimming in the Encyclopædia Britannica. Handley also served as a sportswriter for the New York Herald Tribune, in New York City, covering mostly aquatics.[4]
Honors
[edit]In 1976, he was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame, and into the International Swimming Hall of Fame in 1967.[4][9]
Publications
[edit]- Handley, L. De. B., How to play water polo, American Sports Publishing Company, New York, 1910
- Handley, L. De. B., Swimming and Watermanship, The MacMillan Company, New York, 1918
- Handley, L. De. B., Thirty Lessons in Swimming, The Milo Publishing Company, New York
See also
[edit]- List of members of the International Swimming Hall of Fame
- List of athletes with Olympic medals in different disciplines
- List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Louis Handley". Olympedia. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
- ^ a b "Handley, l' italiano d' America". archiviostorico.gazzetta.it.
- ^ "International Swimming Hall of Fame Bio, Louis Handley". ishof.org. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Louis De Breda Handley (1976)". usawaterpolo.org. USA Water Polo. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
- ^ {{cite web|url=https://www.olympedia.org/results/4470%7Ctitle=1904 Olympics Men's 4x50-yard freestyle relay results|website=olympedia.org|access-date=7 October 2024
- ^ "Historic U.S. Swimming Team Head Coaches" (PDF). usaswimming.org. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
- ^ a b "Borish, Linda J., The Shalvi/Hyman Encyclopedia of Jewish Women". jwa.org. Retrieved 5 October 2024.
- ^ Warburg, Paul, "Real Struggle Appears to Lie in the Selection of the Yankee Invaders", Brooklyn Eagle, Brooklyn, New York, 5 February 1924, pg. 24
- ^ "Hall of Fame Inductees". usawaterpolo.org. USA Water Polo. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
External links
[edit]- Louis Handley at the International Swimming Hall of Fame
- Louis Handley at the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame
- Louis Handley at Olympics.com
- Louis Handley at Olympedia
- Handley, l' italiano d' America (in Italian)
- 1904 Olympics Men's 4x50-yard freestyle relay results
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- 1874 births
- 1956 deaths
- Olympic coaches
- American swimming coaches
- Olympic coaches for the United States
- American male freestyle swimmers
- American male water polo players
- Italian emigrants to the United States
- Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming
- Swimmers from Rome
- Swimmers at the 1904 Summer Olympics
- Water polo players at the 1904 Summer Olympics
- Medalists at the 1904 Summer Olympics
- Olympic gold medalists for the United States in water polo
- American water polo coaches